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Molecular Pathogenesis Of Pneumococcus
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Book Synopsis Transmission, Colonization, and Molecular Pathogenesis of pneumococcus by : Jorge Eugenio Vidal
Download or read book Transmission, Colonization, and Molecular Pathogenesis of pneumococcus written by Jorge Eugenio Vidal and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-23 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Pathogenesis of Pneumococcus by : Guangchun Bai
Download or read book Molecular Pathogenesis of Pneumococcus written by Guangchun Bai and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-10-10 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Streptococcus pneumoniae has been for decades the number one bacterial killer of children in the world. Although vaccination with pneumococcal vaccines [PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13 (children) or PPSV23 (adults)] has helped decrease the burden of pneumococcal disease (PD), mortality remains high. Therefore, pathogenesis studies are still key toward our understanding of PD and its control. The introduction of pneumococcal vaccines has also created a niche for vaccine-escape clones. Moreover, the rise of multi-drug resistant clones around the world has also posed a serious threat in recent years. The proposed special issue of Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology highlights many of the recent advances that have been made in pneumococcal pathogenesis, colonization and antibiotic resistance by groups in Latino America, Europe, and the USA.
Book Synopsis Molecular pathogenesis of pneumococus by : Jorge Eugenio Vidal
Download or read book Molecular pathogenesis of pneumococus written by Jorge Eugenio Vidal and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-05-11 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a commensal of the human nasopharynx during childhood, but also causes a variety of infections, such as otitis media (OM), pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis, mainly affecting infants, the elderly and immunocompromised patients. Pneumococcal pneumonia alone produces more child deaths, every year, than any other bacterial disease worldwide. To date, more than 90 distinct capsular serotypes have been identified. Current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) protect against 7, 10 or 13 different pneumococcal types. These vaccines have decreased the burden of pneumococcal disease produced by vaccine types but provide poor protection against non-vaccine serotypes. Additionally, the increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant S. pneumoniae strains results in more challenge for treatment of pneumococcal infections. Therefore, it is imperative to continue investigating the molecular pathogenesis of the pneumococcus. There are currently a variety of key virulence determinants known to be involved in pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease. Virulence factors and host immune defense are major players during pathogen - host interactions. Some metabolic pathways have also been shown to play a role in pneumococcal pathogenesis. These metabolic pathways include proteins involved in copper efflux, arginine metabolism, and zinc homeostasis. From the human host side, new host factors have been found to play essential roles in clearance of S. pneumoniae during infection, such as microRNA-155. Moreover, biofilm-like structures may alter both pneumococcal phenotypes and the host immunity during nasopharyngeal carriage and/or during disease. Understanding the interaction between pneumococcus and its human host is a key to combat pneumococcal infections. It has been well known for several years that pneumococcal pneumonia is worsened during poly-microbial infection. During the past few years, rapid progress has been made in this area. For example, it was recently shown that influenza A virus increases pneumococcal nasal colonization and it is a risk factor for pneumococcal pneumonia. Other important respiratory viruses and bacterial pathogens, such as Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae, appear to increase the risk of pneumococcal colonization and disease. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism leading to these pathogenic synergisms will provide a fundamental basis for prevention and treatment of secondary pneumococcal infection. The elderly population is generally more susceptible to pneumococcal infections. In addition to their declined immunity, alteration of the microbiome seen in the elderly may play a role for the susceptibility of infection. Research with the elderly or using elderly animal infection models will largely enhance our knowledge and significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by pneumococcal infections.
Book Synopsis The Pneumococcus by : Elaine I. Tuomanen
Download or read book The Pneumococcus written by Elaine I. Tuomanen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art examination of research in this field and the impact of this gram-positive pathogen on human disease. * Provides coverage of topics in basic microbiology such as details of DNA transformation, molecular and medical epidemiology, the molecular basis of invasive disease, and various interactions with host defenses. * Presents important historical information on the field of pneumococcal research and suggests strategies for future investigation. * Serves as a valuable source of information for graduate and medical school students, infectious disease specialists, and field researchers in the pathogenesis of gram-positive bacteria.
Book Synopsis Streptococcus Pneumoniae by : Alexander Tomasz
Download or read book Streptococcus Pneumoniae written by Alexander Tomasz and published by Mary Ann Liebert. This book was released on 2000 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a workshop titled "Streptococcus pneumoniae: Molecular Biology and Mechanisms of Disease -- Update for the 1990s" held in September 1996 in Oeiras, Portugal, this volume contains some 40 contributions written by some 50 biochemists, molecular cmicrobiologists, geneticists, zoologists, pharmacologists, and pediatricians from 12 countries. Contributions are divided into six sections: an introductory segment addressing work to be done in the field and the disease's functional anatomy; the disease's chromosome structure, recombination, and cloning; capsule, cell wall, and virulence factors; Pneumococcal disease and animal models; antibiotic resistance; and surveillance and intervention.
Book Synopsis Streptococcus Pneumoniae by : Jeremy Brown
Download or read book Streptococcus Pneumoniae written by Jeremy Brown and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-08 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Streptococcus Pneumoniae: Molecular Mechanisms of Host-Pathogen Interactions provides a comprehensive overview of our existing knowledge on Streptococcus pneumoniae antibiotic resistance, dissemination, and pathogenesis, including immunology. It presents a state-of-the-art overview of the implications of existing data, along with the areas of research that are important for future insights into the molecular mechanisms of pneumococcal infections and how to combat these infections. Users will find a timely update on the topic, as the dramatic increase in antibiotic resistance pneumoniae cases and limitations of the currently available pneumoniae vaccines are creating new concerns on these gram-positive bacteria that are endowed with a high virulence potential, and are the most common etiologic agent of respiratory and life-threatening invasive diseases. Provides an updated overview of our existing knowledge on Streptococcus pneumoniae antibiotic resistance, dissemination, and pathogenesis, including immunology Helps strengthen interdisciplinary networking and the focus of scientific resources by targeting epidemiology, vaccines, genetics, antibiotic resistance, clonal dissemination, Streptococcus pneumoniae biology, functional genomics, inflammasome, biomarkers, and more Multi-authored by leaders in the field who present a state-of-the-art overview of what the implications are of existing data, and the areas of research that are important for future insights into the molecular mechanisms of pneumococcal infections Supports combinatory networking in order to find new solutions in clinical therapies Reflects the most topical pneumococcal research trends
Book Synopsis Bacterial Vaccines by : Rene Germanier
Download or read book Bacterial Vaccines written by Rene Germanier and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial Vaccines provides information dealing with vaccination of man against bacterial diseases. This book emphasizes the description, composition, production, and control of the vaccines, as well as vaccine benefits and drawbacks. Organized into 14 chapters, this book contains a description of the etiological agent, particularly with respect to its antigenic composition, and also of the pathogenesis of the disease and the immune mechanisms acting against it. The chapters are separated according to the disease they describe, which include diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, cholera, typhoid fever, shigellosis, Escherichia coli infections, meningococcal meningitis, pneumococcal infections, Haemophilus influenzae type b infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, and leprosy. This book will provide the reader with a comprehensive survey of vaccination of man against bacterial diseases. It is intended for those involved in vaccine development, production, and control.
Book Synopsis Bacterial Pathogenesis by : Abigail A. Salyers
Download or read book Bacterial Pathogenesis written by Abigail A. Salyers and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach is the first text designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to this dynamic field for both students and researchers. The application of molecular techniques to the study of bacterium-host interaction has made possible great progress in fundamental understanding of the molecular basis of infectious diseases. In the text the authors integrate material from pathogenic microbiology, molecular biology, immunology, and human physiology to provide a complete but accessible overview of the field.
Book Synopsis Phagocytosis of Bacteria and Bacterial Pathogenicity by : Joel D. Ernst
Download or read book Phagocytosis of Bacteria and Bacterial Pathogenicity written by Joel D. Ernst and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-09-07 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides up-to-date information on the crucial interaction of pathogenic bacteria and professional phagocytes, the host cells whose purpose is to ingest, kill, and digest bacteria in defense against infection. The introductory chapters focus on the receptors used by professional phagocytes to recognize and phagocytose bacteria, and the signal transduction events that are essential for phagocytosis of bacteria. Subsequent chapters discuss specific bacterial pathogens and the strategies they use in confronting professional phagocytes. Examples include Helicobacter pylori, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Yersinae, each of which uses distinct mechanisms to avoid being phagocytosed and killed. Contrasting examples include Listeria monocytogenes and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which survive and replicate intracellularly, and actually cooperate with phagocytes to promote their entry into these cells. Together, the contributions in this book provide an outstanding review of current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of phagocytosis and how specific pathogenic bacteria avoid or exploit these mechanisms.
Book Synopsis Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease Threats by :
Download or read book Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease Threats written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This plan addresses the need to improve our ability to identify infectious disease threats and respond to them effectively by improving the public health infrastructure at the local, state and federal levels. The goals of the plan are surveillance (detect, promptly investigate, and monitor emerging pathogens, the diseases they cause, and the factors influencing their emergence); applied research (integrate laboratory science and epidemiology to optimize public health practice); prevention and control (enhance communication of public health information about emerging diseases and ensure prompt implementation of prevention strategies); and infrastructure (strengthen local, state, and federal public health infrastructures to support surveillance and implement prevention and control programs).
Book Synopsis Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia by : Jordi Rello
Download or read book Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia written by Jordi Rello and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-06-30 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia is a book in which chapters are authored and the same topics discussed by North American and European experts. This approach provides a unique opportunity to view the different perspectives and points of view on this subject. Severe CAP is a common clinical problem encountered in the ICU setting. This book reviews topics concerning the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of SCAP. The discussions on the role of alcohol in severe CAP and adjunctive therapies are important topics that further our understanding of this severe respiratory infection.
Download or read book Bacterial Pathogenesis written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1998-07-01 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Established almost 30 years ago, Methods in Microbiology is the most prestigious series devoted to techniques and methodology in the field. Now totally revamped, revitalized, with a new format and expanded scope, Methods in Microbiology will continue to provide you with tried and tested, cutting-edge protocols to directly benefit your research. Focuses on the methods most useful for the microbiologist interested in the way in which bacteria cause disease Includes section devoted to 'Approaches to characterising pathogenic mechanisms' by Stanley Falkow Covers safety aspects, detection, identification and speciation Includes techniques for the study of host interactions and reactions in animals and plants Describes biochemical and molecular genetic approaches Essential methods for gene expression and analysis Covers strategies and problems for disease control
Book Synopsis Medical Importance of the Normal Microflora by : Gerald W. Tannock
Download or read book Medical Importance of the Normal Microflora written by Gerald W. Tannock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been estimated that there are more microbial cells inhabiting the human body than there are eukaryotic cells of which it is made up. This normal microflora usually co-exists relatively peacefully with the host and does not cause infection. The mechanisms by which this co-existence is achieved are still not properly understood and the interaction between the normal microflora and the host is far from simple. For a variety of reasons, however, this interaction can be disturbed and often results in the microflora becoming pathogens. The study of the diseases then caused is important both in terms of treatment and in terms of contributing to our understanding of the mechanisms by which the normal microflora usually interacts with the host. This title brings together an international list of contributors, all of whom have active research interests in the normal microflora. Each of the chapters reviews current knowledge about a specific group or organism within the microflora and the diseases they can cause. Microflora of the skin, respiratory tract, oral cavity, gastrointestinal system and genital tract are all discussed and the impact of molecular methods on our understanding of the normal microflora is emphasised throughout the book. Medical microbiologists, dental specialists, infectious disease specialists, nutritionists and gastroenterologists will all find this book of immense interest and value, as will epidemiologists, dermatologists and general microbiologists.
Book Synopsis Pneumococcal Vaccines: The Impact of Conjugate Vaccine by : Keith P. Klugman
Download or read book Pneumococcal Vaccines: The Impact of Conjugate Vaccine written by Keith P. Klugman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ending the War Metaphor by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Ending the War Metaphor written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-07-09 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases have existed longer than us, as long as us, or are relatively newer than us. It may be the case that a disease has existed for many, many years but has only recently begun affecting humans. At the turn of the century the number of deaths caused by infections in the United States had been falling steadily but since the '80s has seen an increase. In the past 30 years alone 37 new pathogens have been identified as human disease threats and 12% of known human pathogens have been classified as either emerging or remerging. Whatever the story, there is currently a "war" on infectious diseases. This war is simply the systematic search for the microbial "cause" of each disease, followed by the development of antimicrobial therapies. The "war" on infectious diseases, however, must be revisited in order to develop a more realistic and detailed picture of the dynamic interactions among and between host organisms and their diverse populations of microbes. Only a fraction of these microbes are pathogens. Thus, in order to explore the crafting of a new metaphor for host-microbe relationships, and to consider how such a new perspective might inform and prioritize biomedical research, the Forum on Microbial Threats of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened the workshop, Ending the War Metaphor: The Changing Agenda for Unraveling the Host-Microbe Relationship on March 16-17, 2005. Workshop participants examined knowledge and approaches to learning about the bacterial inhabitants of the human gut, the best known host-microbe system, as well as findings from studies of microbial communities associated with other mammals, fish, plants, soil, and insects. The perspective adopted by this workshop is one that recognizes the breadth and diversity of host-microbe relationships beyond those relative few that result in overt disease. Included in this summary are the reports and papers of individuals participating in the Forum as well as the views of the editors.
Download or read book Bacterial Capsules written by Klaus Jann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many bacteria, such as certain Neisseria and Haemophilus or Escherichia coli, are able to withstand the bactericidal activity of complement and phagocytes. This bacterial self protection is brought about by encapsulation. Bacterial capsules thus enable the pathogenic bacteria to survive in the host by counter action or evasion of the nonspecific host defense in the early pre immune phase of an infection. It is only in the late immune phase of the infection, when specific anticapsular antibodies are formed and enforce the host's defense system, that this protective action is overcome. Encapsulated bacteria are then killed and eliminated. Interestingly, some capsules can not or only inefficiently be handled by the immune system. The ensuing lack of antibody formation results in a prolonged susceptibility of the host to the pathogenic bacteria exhibiting such capsules. It was found that bacterial capsules consist of acidic poly saccharides. From this it followed that the role of the capsules in the interaction of encapsulated bacteria with the host may be due to the chemistry of the capsular polysaccharides. This led to intensive studies of capsular polysaccharides in many laboratories. Our increasing knowledge of the structural features of capsular polysaccharides prompted not only immuno chemical studies analyzing the interactions of these poly saccharide antigens and characterizing the epitopes, but also investigations into their biosynthesis. These studies were complemented and supported by genetic analyses. Today many interdisciplinary investigations of capsular polysaccharides are in progress.
Book Synopsis Pneumonia, with Special Reference to Pneumococcus Lobar Pneumonia by : Roderick Heffron
Download or read book Pneumonia, with Special Reference to Pneumococcus Lobar Pneumonia written by Roderick Heffron and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1979 with total page 1110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
