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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
![Download Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Status Report, [July--September 1995]. PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/5KPpjwEACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Status Report, [July--September 1995]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research was focused continually on the general tasks: Task 1, molecular organometallic catalysts for hydrogenation and Task 2, organic base catalysts for arene hydrogenation and the hydrotreating of the coal liquids. With regard to Task 1, the [1,5-HDRhCl]2/buffer catalyst system has been investigated in detail to improve its performance. In the presence of CTAB, the stability of the catalyst was improved greatly. The relationship between the turnover number of the catalyst and the reaction time was obtained. Other aromatic compounds such as toluene, n-butylbenzene, tetralin, o-xylene all can be hydrogenated into the corresponding substituted cyclohexane derivatives in more than 94% yields when catalyzed by [1,5- HDRhCl]2 in the presence of small amount of surfactant molecules. The optimum catalyst system has been applied for the hydrogenation of tetralin in the presence of a coal liquid derived from the coal liquefaction. It was found that about 80-85% of tetralin in the mixture was hydrogenated to decalin under the conditions of these experiments. Task 2 was continually focused on the hydrogenation of coal liquids. Institution of dideuterium for dihydrogen in the hydrotreating of coal liquid at 250 °C and 1000 psig of dideuterium yielded a product that was characterized by 2H NMR. Two groups of deuteron located in the region of 6.5-8.0 ppm and 1.0-3.5 ppm, respectively, were observed. The former group was assigned to the deuterons on carbon atoms on aromatic rings and the latter to the deuterons linked to the aliphatic carbon atoms. In addition, naphthalene was hydrogenated completely to tetralin in the presence of the coal liquid under the same conditions, implying that the reduction of multiaromatic compounds was not adversely influenced by the existence of the coal liquid which contains potential catalysts poisons such as sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen.
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James Cusumano
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323157629
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book Catalysis in Coal Conversion written by James Cusumano and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysis in Coal Conversion tells of the advances in catalysis and related fields in order to suggest decisive contributions towards finding solutions for the catalytic problems of coal conversion. The book also details the preparation, mode of action, and behavior of various catalysts. The book is divided into three major parts, the first of which discusses the advances of catalysis during the last two decades including the bimetallic catalysts. Other areas of interest covered in the first part include characterization and preparation of catalysts; poisoning and regeneration; and reaction mechanisms. Part II summarizes the developments of related disciplines such as reactor engineering, inorganic and organometallic chemistry, materials science, and surface science. The last part serves as a review of the nature of the different coal liquefaction processes and their products. This book is of value to chemists and chemical engineers involved in coal conversion or fuel processing researches. Chemistry teachers and students can also use this book for examples of practical applications in industrial catalysis.
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Status Report, July 1995-September 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Status Report, April 1995-June 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Quarter, the research was focused continually on the two general tasks: Task 1, molecular organometallic catalysts for hydrogenation and Task 2, organic base catalysts for arene hydrogenation and the hydrotreating of the coal liquids. With regards to Task 1, the biphase catalyst system, [1,5-HDRhCI]2/buffer, was investigated in detail for the hydrogenation of naphthalene or tetralin to decalin under low pressure of H2 at room temperature. The influence of various factors such as the amount of the phase transfer regent, the volume ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase, the pH value and compositions of the buffer solution as well as the solvents on the reaction process was investigated systematically. It was found that the rhodium catalyst works well under biphase conditions rather than under phase transfer conditions. Apparently, the surfactant molecules negatively affect the catalytic activity of the rhodium catalyst. The pH values and the compositions of the buffers in the aqueous phase are critical in the system. The best buffer solution is composed of hydrion with its pH of 7.4--7.6. In addition to tetralin, the Rh catalyst is also effective for the hydrogenation of other unactivated aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, n-butylbenzene etc. In addition, the turnover numbers of the catalyst can reach 200, but its performance needs to be improved further for practical applications. The work on this issue is currently underway. Task 2 was focused on the hydrotreating of coal liquid (VSOH) catalyzed by Catalyst 2 and Catalyst 5. Good results were achieved on this issue. Catalyst 5 was found to be a more effective catalyst for the hydrotreating of coal liquid than Catalyst 2. The coal liquid was hydrotreated to give a clear yellow liquid under relative mild conditions (1000 psi of hydrogen and 200C) if only 16 mol% of the Catalyst 5 was employed.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Progress Report, [January--March 1993]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Last quarter, substantial progress has been made in the two general tasks advanced in our research proposal. The first task consists of the development of molecular homogeneous catalysts that can be used in the hydrogenation of coal liquids and in coal conversion processes. The second task concerns the activation of dihydrogen by basic catalysts in homogeneous reaction systems. With regards to the first task, we have prepared two organometallic rhodium (1) catalysts. These are the dimer of dichloropentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium, [RhCl2(C5Me5)], and the dimer of chloro(1,5-hexadiene)rhodium We have subsequently investigated the hydrogenation of various aromatic organic compounds using these organometallic reagents as catalysts. Results showed that both catalysts effected the hydrogenation of the aromatic portions of a wide range of organic compounds, including aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds containing the ether group, alkyl groups, amino and carbonyl groups. However, both compounds were totally ineffective in catalyzing the hydrogenation of sulfur-containing aromatic organic compounds. Nevertheless, both rhodium catalysts successfully catalyzed the hydrogenation of naphthalene even in the presence of the coal liquids. With regards to base-activated hydrogenation of organic compounds, we have found that hydroxide and alkoxide bases are capable of activating, dihydrogen, thereby leading to the hydrogenation of phenyl-substituted alkenes. More specifically, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, potassium tert-butoxide and potassium phenoxide were successfully used to activate dihydrogen and induce the hydrogenation of trans-stilbene. Potassium tert-butoxide was found to be slightly more effective than the other two bases in accomplishing this chemistry.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Progress Report, [April--June 1993]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This phase of the project essentially consists of preparing organometallic reagents which are known or have been reported to act as homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts of aromatic hydrocarbons and studying their properties as homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts under various conditions with the ultimate objective of using these compounds to catalyze the conversion of coal liquids. With regards to this task, we have prepared two rhodium (I) catalysts. These are the dimer of dichloropentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium, [RhCl2(C5Me5)], and the dimer of chloro(1,5-hexadiene) rhodium. The dimer of dichloropentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium was prepared by stirring rhodium (III) chloride hydrate with hexamethyldewarbenzene at 65°C. It was reported to hydrogenate arenes and various substituted arenas such as aryl ethers, esters and ketones at 50° and 50 atm of dihydrogen. The dimer of chloro (1,5-hexadiene) rhodium was prepared by reacting rhodium (III) chloride hydrate with 1,5-hexadiene at 50°C for six days in water. Our second task is to investigate the chemistry of base-catalyzed hydrogenation of organic compounds with the ultimate objective of applying the chemistry behind this novel concept to the catalytic conversion of coal liquids. It is not generally known that bases such as the hydroxide ion are capable of activating dihydrogen to form ''solvated hydride'' or hydride-like species which can effect hydrogenation reactions under the appropriate conditions. Research during the first half of this century has amply demonstrated the feasibility of this concept. More recently, Klingler, Krause and Rathke studied the role of this kind of chemistry in the water-gas shift reaction. So far, only Walling and Bollyky have been the only investigators to have applied dihydrogen activation by bases to the hydrogenation of organic compounds.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Status Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Quarter, the research was focused continually on the two general tasks: Task 1, molecular organometallic catalysts for hydrogenation and Task 2, organic base catalysts for arene hydrogenation and the hydrotreating of the coal liquids. With regards to Task 1, the mechanism of the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds catalyzed by [1,5-HDRhCl]2/buffer system in the presence of small amount of surfactant under biphasic condition has been investigated. For the Task 2, potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide was applied for the hydrogenation of polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbons such as pyrene and anthracene. These polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbons can be hydrogenated in high yields to the corresponding monoaromatic hydrocarbons. Anthracene was hydrogenated to octahydroanthracene, a monoaromatic compound, in near 100% yield under 1000 psig of H2 and 250°C. A communications that described the very exciting use of H3O− for the hydrogenation of representative coal compounds was submitted to Energy and Fuels.
Author : Toshiaki Kabe
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080529232
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Coal and Coal-Related Compounds written by Toshiaki Kabe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-11-18 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal is more abundant than petroleum and natural gas. Further, coal is not localized but can be used by many more countries than petroleum. Therefore, if we can establish coal utilization technology, coal will bring about a great contribution to human life and society. On the other hand, shortage of petroleum and natural gas are anticipated in the second half of the 21st century. To compensate, the use of coal is expected to gradually increase during the 21st century. In the future, the development of the coal utilization technology will become more and more important to insure the supply of liquid fuels for transportation and carbon sources for the manufacture of chemicals and plastic materials.In order to develop such technologies, the elucidation of the structure of coal is a fundamental area of study. Further, more efficient coal utilization technology must be established to meet environmental legislation. One of the key technologies for this purpose is catalysis. This volume provides detail of the basic and practical aspects of the science and technology of coal utilization with and without catalysts. The actual structure of coal, the chemistry included in the reactivity of coal, the methods to elucidate the structure of coal and re-action mechanisms of coal conversion, the most important catalyst for converting coal to liquid and gas, the role of the catalysts in coal conversion, the problems in the process engineering, and how to meet environmental regulations are discussed in detail. The recent progress in studies on the structure and reactivity of coal made over the last century is summarized and reviewed with emphasis on both fundamental and applied aspects of the science and technology for coal processing in the presence and absence of catalysts. * This book highlights the issues faced in trying to discover more efficient coal utilization technology.* Provides detailed discussion on how to meet environmental regulations and legislation. * Fills the gap between both the scientific and practical sides of coal utilization with and without catalysts.
Author : Richard H. Schlosberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489936327
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)
Download or read book Chemistry of Coal Conversion written by Richard H. Schlosberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impetus for this book is twofold. First, in response to the well documented oil shocks of the 1970s there arose a resurgence of research activity in the synthetic fuels area. This book attempts to capture some of the leading edge advances which have been made over the past decade in the area of the chemistry of coal conversion. The second driving force behind this book is to jog people's memories about the fundamental truths of the energy industry, i. e. , there IS a finite amount of liquid hydrocarbons on and under the earth's surface, most of the easy to find, produce, and use liquid hydrocarbons have been exploited, and the real need continues to be for liquid hydrocarbons for use as trans portation fuels. The uncertainty is not if synthetic liquids will be needed, but rat her when they will be needed. The inability to answer that question accurately caused many of the financial and research disruptions following the double shocks of the 1970s. Since future projections can only be based upon the historical record, they cannot anticipate major disruptions such as, e. g. , discovery of huge easily producible oils fields, or, on the other side, global or regional economic disruptions such as warfare. With this level of uncertainty, then, the second impetus is to point out how much research remains to be done at a time when fiscal support for fossil fuels research in the Uni ted States is rapidly spiraling downward.
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion: Quarterly Progress Report, June 30, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kylan I. Tanner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Catalytic Conversion of Solvent Refined Coal to Liquid Products written by Kylan I. Tanner and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Toshiaki Kabe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9784062109772
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (97 download)
Download or read book Coal and Coal-related Compounds written by Toshiaki Kabe and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal is more abundant than petroleum and natural gas. Further, coal is not localized but can be used by many more countries than petroleum. Therefore, if we can establish coal utilization technology, coal will bring about a great contribution to human life and society. On the other hand, shortage of petroleum and natural gas are anticipated in the second half of the 21st century. To compensate, the use of coal is expected to gradually increase during the 21st century. In the future, the development of the coal utilization technology will become more and more important to insure the supply of liquid fuels for transportation and carbon sources for the manufacture of chemicals and plastic materials. In order to develop such technologies, the elucidation of the structure of coal is a fundamental area of study. Further, more efficient coal utilization technology must be established to meet environmental legislation. One of the key technologies for this purpose is catalysis. This volume provides detail of the basic and practical aspects of the science and technology of coal utilization with and without catalysts. The actual structure of coal, the chemistry included in the reactivity of coal, the methods to elucidate the structure of coal and re-action mechanisms of coal conversion, the most important catalyst for converting coal to liquid and gas, the role of the catalysts in coal conversion, the problems in the process engineering, and how to meet environmental regulations are discussed in detail. The recent progress in studies on the structure and reactivity of coal made over the last century is summarized and reviewed with emphasis on both fundamental and applied aspects of the science and technology for coal processing in the presence and absence of catalysts. * This book highlights the issues faced in trying to discover more efficient coal utilization technology. * Provides detailed discussion on how to meet environmental regulations and legislation. * Fills the gap between both the scientific and practical sides of coal utilization with and without catalysts.
Author : Yatish T. Shah
Publisher : Addison Wesley Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Reaction Engineering in Direct Coal Liquefaction written by Yatish T. Shah and published by Addison Wesley Publishing Company. This book was released on 1981 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard G. Herman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461327377
Total Pages : 469 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)
Download or read book Catalytic Conversions of Synthesis Gas and Alcohols to Chemicals written by Richard G. Herman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the papers contained in this volume are based on pres entations made at the symposium on Catalytic Conversions of Synthesis Gas and Alcohols to Chemicals, which was held at the 17th Middle At lantic Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, April 6-8, 1983, in the setting of the Pocono Hershey Resort, White Haven, PA. I thank Dr. Ned D. Heindel, General Chairman, and Dr. Natalie Foster, Program Chairman, both of Lehigh University, for the invitation to organize the symposium. Financial support was received from Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. for the organization of the symposium, and acknowledgement is made to Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. and to the Donors of the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society, for partial support of the conduct of the symposium. The theme of this volume is the recent progress made in devel oping and understanding viable catalytic syntheses of chemicals di rectly from synthesis gas (CO + H2) or indirectly via alcohols. An aim of the symposium and of this volume is to provide a meaningful blend of applied and basic science and of the chemistry and engineer ing of processes that are, or hold promise to be, economically and industrially feasible. The topics demonstrate the increasing impor tance of synthesis gas as a versatile feedstock and emphasize the central role that alcohols, such as methanol, can playas chemical intermediates.
