Modular Synthesis Of Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents For Mri Pet And Pet Mri Of Cancer

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Modular Synthesis of Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents for MRI, PET, and PET-MRI of Cancer

Author : Kelsea Jones
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)

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Book Synopsis Modular Synthesis of Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents for MRI, PET, and PET-MRI of Cancer by : Kelsea Jones

Download or read book Modular Synthesis of Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents for MRI, PET, and PET-MRI of Cancer written by Kelsea Jones and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Molecular imaging is a field widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. We offer here a modular method for the synthesis of targeted molecular imaging agents (TMIAs), which will improve the accuracy of current molecular imaging methods, as well as allow for earlier detection of tumors. The use of TMIAs in molecular imaging yields increased signal at cancerous cells and reduced signal from healthy cells. Our modular approach is useful as a facile method for the synthesis of dual-modal TMIAs for PET-MRI, which combine the sensitive detection of functional activity from PET with the high-resolution structural information obtained by MRI. Here, we present the synthesis of both a TMIA for the MRI of prostate cancer, followed by the synthesis of a dual-modal TMIA for use in simultaneous MRI-PET. By our method, a lysine backbone is utilized for the synthesis of imaging modules, by means of coupling the DOTA cyclene to the side chain of the lysine. A metal such as Gd3+ for use as an MRI contrast agent is chelated by DOTA. The imaging module is then coupled to a targeting moiety, such as c(RGDyK), through a carbon linker such as DSS or SMCC, to yield a novel TMIA. This same method is applied to the synthesis of dual-modal TMIAs featuring imaging modules for use in both MRI and PET. In the case of PET, where a radioactive isotope is required, we utilize a stable lanthanide placeholder that can be replaced by a useful metal isotope, such as 64Cu, at the end of the synthesis. Through the course of this research, our modular approach to the synthesis of TMIAs has proven to be an effective method of synthesis, and intermediate steps have been optimized. Additionally, methods of measuring the relaxivity of MRI contrast agents have been applied to our novel compounds for comparison with commercial agents available in clinical labs, hospitals, and imaging centers today."--Abstract.

Modular Synthesis of Dual- and Tri-modal Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents

Author : Nicholas C. Schug
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Modular Synthesis of Dual- and Tri-modal Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents by : Nicholas C. Schug

Download or read book Modular Synthesis of Dual- and Tri-modal Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents written by Nicholas C. Schug and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "There are few reported methods for combining two or three different imaging dyes, metals, or dye-metal combinations, followed by the conjugation of a disease- targeting group to enable the use a given imaging system for multiple imaging applications. Previously, peptides have been used as scaffolds for dyes and metals used in diagnostic techniques such as optical molecular imaging (OMI), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this project was to reassemble peptide-based imaging agents through a modular method by coupling together modules comprised of amino acids with imaging agents attached to their side chains to form “imaging peptides,” followed by attaching a cancer-targeting group in the final step. This new modular approach for the synthesis of a diverse set of targeted molecular imaging agents (TMIAs) was optimized and exemplified by the synthesis of dual modal PET-MRI, dual OMI-MRI and dual metal (di-gadolinium for MRI), and the partial synthesis of a tri-modal OMI-PET-MRI agent. The dual modal imaging peptides were conjugated through a linker to targeting groups for lung cancer (A549 cells) and prostate cancer (PSMA positive C4-2) cells. In addition to imaging applications for early detection, active surveillance, image guided biopsies and surgery, this modular approach could potentially be used for creating therapeutic agents to treat cancer patients."--Abstract.

Solid Phase Synthesis of Modular Peptide-based Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents

Author : Xinyu Xu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Solid Phase Synthesis of Modular Peptide-based Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents by : Xinyu Xu

Download or read book Solid Phase Synthesis of Modular Peptide-based Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents written by Xinyu Xu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Targeted molecular imaging agents (TMIA) are emerging as useful tools for early diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. These agents couple imaging agents such as near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dyes or metallic contrast agents such as gadolinium (Gd) used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to targeting agents that bind to biomarker receptors in cancer cells. Our group has developed a modular synthesis of peptide-based TMIAs containing these two agents starting from “puzzle pieces”. Puzzle pieces, or modules, are amino acids with imaging groups bonded to their side chains. These are assembled together to form imaging peptides which are then conjugated to targeting groups. The research goal was to synthesize targeting peptides using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), and then add the imaging puzzle pieces to these in the same SPPS method. SPPS is widely used and has many advantages in the synthesis of TMIAs. The first goal, to learn how to synthesize simple peptides by SPPS, was accomplished. The second goal of making Met-enkephalin, a bioactive penta-peptide, and conjugating the imaging puzzle pieces containing a NIRF dye or gadolinium chelate for MRI by SPPS was also successful. The final goal, to synthesize a deca-peptide, 18-4a, useful for targeting breast cancer and then to couple these same imaging puzzle pieces, to the peptide 18-4 in the last step, was also accomplished."--Abstract.

Molecular Imaging

Author : Shankar Vallabhajosula
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540767355
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Imaging by : Shankar Vallabhajosula

Download or read book Molecular Imaging written by Shankar Vallabhajosula and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-13 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioisotope-based molecular imaging probes provide unprecedented insight into biochemistry and function involved in both normal and disease states of living systems, with unbiased in vivo measurement of regional radiotracer activities offering very high specificity and sensitivity. No other molecular imaging technology including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can provide such high sensitivity and specificity at a tracer level. The applications of this technology can be very broad ranging from drug development, pharmacokinetics, clinical investigations, and finally to routine diagnostics in radiology. The design and the development of radiopharmaceuticals for molecular imaging studies using PET/MicroPET or SPECT/MicroSPECT are a unique challenge. This book is intended for a broad audience and written with the main purpose of educating the reader on various aspects including potential clinical utility, limitations of drug development, and regulatory compliance and approvals.

Targeted Cancer Imaging

Author : Mehdi Azizi
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012824514X
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Targeted Cancer Imaging by : Mehdi Azizi

Download or read book Targeted Cancer Imaging written by Mehdi Azizi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-11-24 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Targeted Cancer Imaging: Design and Synthesis of Nanoplatforms based on Tumour Biology reviews and categorizes imaging and targeting approaches according to cancer type, highlighting new and safe approaches that involve membrane-coated nanoparticles, tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNAs, and cancer stem cells, all with the goal of pointing the way to developing precise targeting and multifunctional nanotechnology-based imaging probes in the future. This book is highly multidisciplinary, bridging the knowledge gap between tumor biology, nanotechnology, and diagnostic imaging, and thus making it suitable for researchers ranging from oncology to bioengineering. Although considerable efforts have been conducted to diagnose, improve and treat cancer in the past few decades, existing therapeutic options are insufficient, as mortality and morbidity rates remain high. One of the best hopes for substantial improvement lies in early detection. Recent advances in nanotechnology are expected to increase our current understanding of tumor biology, allowing nanomaterials to be used for targeting and imaging both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Gives understanding of cancer biology that is appropriate for students and researchers in engineering and nanotechnology Demonstrates cancer targeting strategies of multifunctional nanotechnology-based imaging probes Shows how to design, synthesize and apply cancer imaging nanostructures

PET Chemistry

Author : P.A. Schubiger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540495274
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis PET Chemistry by : P.A. Schubiger

Download or read book PET Chemistry written by P.A. Schubiger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-19 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personalized medicine employing patient-based tailor-made therapeutic drugs is taking over treatment paradigms in a variety of ?elds in oncology and the central nervous system. The success of such therapies is mainly dependent on ef?cacious therapeutic drugs and a selective imaging probe for identi?cation of potential responders as well as therapy monitoring for an early bene?t assessment. Molecular imaging (MI) is based on the selective and speci?c interaction of a molecular probe with a biological target which is visualized through nuclear, magnetic resonance, near infrared or other methods. Therefore it is the method of choice for patient selection and therapy monitoring as well as for speci?c e- point monitoring in modern drug development. PET (positron emitting tomography), a nuclear medical imaging modality, is ideally suited to produce three-dimensional images of various targets or processes. The rapidly increasing demand for highly selective probes for MI strongly pushes the development of new PET tracers and PET chemistry. ‘PET chemistry’ can be de?ned as the study of positron-emitting compounds regarding their synthesis, structure, composition, reactivity, nuclear properties and processes and their properties in natural and - natural environments. In practice PET chemistry is strongly in?uenced by the unique properties of the radioisotopes used (e. g. , half-life, che- cal reactivity, etc. ) and integrates scienti?c aspects of nuclear-, organic-, inorganic- and biochemistry.

Silica-Eu-Gd Agents Dual Imaging Cancer Cells

Author : Gayathri T
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Silica-Eu-Gd Agents Dual Imaging Cancer Cells by : Gayathri T

Download or read book Silica-Eu-Gd Agents Dual Imaging Cancer Cells written by Gayathri T and published by . This book was released on 2023-12-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Silica-Eu-Gd Agents Dual Imaging Cancer Cells" by Gayathri T is an insightful and comprehensive book that delves into the fascinating world of cutting-edge imaging techniques for cancer cells. Drawing upon the fields of nanotechnology, molecular imaging, and theranostics, this book explores the development and application of silica-based nanoparticles as dual imaging agents for cancer detection and treatment. The book provides a thorough exploration of the unique properties and characteristics of silica, Eu (europium), and Gd (gadolinium) agents in the context of cancer imaging. It discusses the synthesis, functionalization, and characterization of these nanoparticles, as well as their use as contrast agents in multimodal imaging techniques, including optical imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moreover, the author emphasizes the importance of targeted therapy and drug delivery in the fight against cancer. The book examines how silica-based nanoparticles can serve as versatile platforms for the efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to cancer cells, leading to enhanced treatment outcomes. It also explores the use of molecular probes and bioconjugation techniques to achieve precise tumor targeting and intracellular imaging. With a strong focus on biomedical applications, the book highlights the potential of these innovative silica-based systems in cancer diagnosis, cell labeling, and the development of diagnostic and therapeutic nanoparticles. It discusses the use of quantum dots, nanosensors, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for sensitive and specific cancer detection. Additionally, it explores the biocompatibility and bioactive properties of silica-based materials, emphasizing their potential in improving cell viability and overall patient outcomes. Overall, "Silica-Eu-Gd Agents Dual Imaging Cancer Cells" offers a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the advancements in the field of cancer imaging and therapeutic nanomedicine. It serves as an essential reference for researchers, scientists, and healthcare professionals interested in harnessing the power of silica-based nanoparticles for dual imaging and targeted therapy in cancer treatment.

Nanoplatform-Based Molecular Imaging

Author : Xiaoyuan Chen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118110021
Total Pages : 844 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanoplatform-Based Molecular Imaging by : Xiaoyuan Chen

Download or read book Nanoplatform-Based Molecular Imaging written by Xiaoyuan Chen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-20 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cutting-edge guide on advancing the science of molecular imaging using nanoparticles Nanoplathform-Based Molecular Imaging provides rationale for using nanoparticle-based probes for molecular imaging, then discusses general strategies for this underutilized, yet promising, technology. It addresses general strategies of particle synthesis and surface chemistry, applications in computed tomography optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, multimodality imaging, theranostics, and finally, the clinical perspectives of nanoimaging. This comprehensive volume summarizes the opinions of those in the forefront of research and describes the latest developments by emphasizing fundamentals and initiating hands-on application.

Radiolabeled Dendrimers as Potential PET Agents for Molecular Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis

Author : Anchal Ghai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Radiolabeled Dendrimers as Potential PET Agents for Molecular Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis by : Anchal Ghai

Download or read book Radiolabeled Dendrimers as Potential PET Agents for Molecular Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis written by Anchal Ghai and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: Angiogenesis is a normal physiological process that plays an imperative role during tumor development. We believe that the development of a non-invasive imaging technique targeting angiogenesis can provide a better understanding of this important process. Positron emission tomography (PET) - a highly sensitive imaging technique can offer accurate degree of disease quantification. The phenomenon of enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR effect) is now becoming the gold standard in cancer targeting drug designing. Dendrimers have the ability to exhibit EPR effect for targeted therapeutic/drug delivery approach. Therefore, molecular imaging of tumor angiogenesis using radio-labeled dendrimers is expected to broaden the possibilities for drug development.

Synthesis and Application of Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents for Enhanced Disease Imaging and Therapy

Author : Mingfeng Bai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Synthesis and Application of Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents for Enhanced Disease Imaging and Therapy by : Mingfeng Bai

Download or read book Synthesis and Application of Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents for Enhanced Disease Imaging and Therapy written by Mingfeng Bai and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Non Invasive in Vivo Molecular Imaging of Cancer Nanotherapy Uptake and Response with PET/MRI

Author : Thomas Sheung Chee Ng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Non Invasive in Vivo Molecular Imaging of Cancer Nanotherapy Uptake and Response with PET/MRI by : Thomas Sheung Chee Ng

Download or read book Non Invasive in Vivo Molecular Imaging of Cancer Nanotherapy Uptake and Response with PET/MRI written by Thomas Sheung Chee Ng and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Radiolabeled Moieties for Molecular Imaging and Cancer Theranostics

Author : Carolina de Aguiar Ferreira
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Radiolabeled Moieties for Molecular Imaging and Cancer Theranostics by : Carolina de Aguiar Ferreira

Download or read book Radiolabeled Moieties for Molecular Imaging and Cancer Theranostics written by Carolina de Aguiar Ferreira and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear medicine, including the use of radioactive materials for imaging and therapy, has its role well estabilished. For nuclear medicine applications, not only the choice of radioisotope with characteristics that matchs the application purpose, but also the isotope "carrier" needs to be taken into account, as it "controls" the radiotracer biodistribution and other important biological interactions. Noteworthy, these "carriers" can be of any type, such as nanomaterial or antibodybased. Since nuclear medicine can be as multidisciplinary as the biomedical engineering field, herein, I have chosen to explore both routes of achieving molecular imaging and cancer theranostics: using nanoparticle and antibody-based probes. In chapter 2, we have demonstrated the synthesis of size-optimized ultrasmall porous silica nanoparticles (UPSN), with improved pharmacokinetics, i.e. prolonged blood circulation half-life and reasonably fast systemic clearance. We have systematically investigated the influence of vascular architecture and stromal microenvironment on the accumulation and retention of as-designed UPSN in two different triplenegative breast cancer models. After successfully determining that UPSN can highly accumulate in tumor tissues through EPR effect, we decided, in chapter 3, to evaluate if the same nanoparticles could act as a nanocarrier of a theranostic isotopic pair 86/90Y. In that chapter, we demonstrated that the nanoparticles, when radiolabeled with 86Y, were selectively taken up by tumors cells and were clearly visualized through PET imaging at all time points investigated. 90YDOTA-UPSN provided promising therapeutic results by significantly reducing tumor volumes when compared to all the other groups investigated and by significantly increasing average survival. In chapter 4, we have employed a theranostic approach using the isotopic pair 86Y/90Y targeting tissue factor in a pancreatic cancer model through the use of ALT836 monoclonal antibody. We demonstrated that the anti-TF monoclonal antibody, when radiolabeled with 86Y, allowed PET imaging of pancreatic cancer tumor tissue with excellent tumor contrast and could allow for dosimetric calculation of potential dose that would be received with its isotopic pair 90Y. When radiolabeled with 90Y, ALT836 provided evidence of anti-tumor effects and increased average survival. We have evaluated and characterized the ability of 52Mn-labeled YY146, a specific antibody targeting human CD146 to act as a CD146-specific breast tumor imaging agent, with capability of delineating different CD146 expressions. PET imaging, for up to 7 days, of mice bearing three different breast tumors were carried out and revealed radiotracer uptake in tumors that strongly (r2=0.98, p

The Chemistry of Contrast Agents in Medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author : Andre S. Merbach
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118503678
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)

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Book Synopsis The Chemistry of Contrast Agents in Medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Andre S. Merbach

Download or read book The Chemistry of Contrast Agents in Medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Andre S. Merbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-19 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most important tools in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. The number of MRI scanners operating around the world is estimated to be approximately 20,000, and the development of contrast agents, currently used in about a third of the 50 million clinical MRI examinations performed every year, has largely contributed to this significant achievement. This completely revised and extended second edition: Includes new chapters on targeted, responsive, PARACEST and nanoparticle MRI contrast agents. Covers the basic chemistries, MR physics and the most important techniques used by chemists in the characterization of MRI agents from every angle from synthesis to safety considerations. Is written for all of those involved in the development and application of contrast agents in MRI. Presented in colour, it provides readers with true representation and easy interpretation of the images. A word from the Authors: Twelve years after the first edition published, we are convinced that the chemistry of MRI agents has a bright future. By assembling all important information on the design principles and functioning of magnetic resonance imaging probes, this book intends to be a useful tool for both experts and newcomers in the field. We hope that it helps inspire further work in order to create more efficient and specific imaging probes that will allow materializing the dream of seeing even deeper and better inside the living organisms. Reviews of the First Edition: "...attempts, for the first time, to review the whole spectrum of involved chemical disciplines in this technique..."—Journal of the American Chemical Society "...well balanced in its scope and attention to detail...a valuable addition to the library of MR scientists..."—NMR in Biomedicine

Molecular Imaging Primer

Author : Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Imaging Primer by : Sanjiv Sam Gambhir

Download or read book Molecular Imaging Primer written by Sanjiv Sam Gambhir and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Design of Nanostructures for Theranostics Applications

Author : Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0128136707
Total Pages : 695 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Design of Nanostructures for Theranostics Applications by : Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu

Download or read book Design of Nanostructures for Theranostics Applications written by Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design of Nanostructures for Theranostics Applications focuses on the theranostics applications of nanostructures. In particular, multifunctional nanoparticles for diagnostics and treatment of different diseases, including those relating to the blood-brain barrier, are discussed in detail. Chapters explore different type of nanostructures, covering design, fabrication, functionalization and optimization, helping readers obtain the desired properties. Written by a diverse range of international academics, this book is a valuable reference resource for those working in both nanoscience and the pharmaceutical industry. Explores how the design of a range of nanomaterials make them effective theranostic agents, including multifunctional core-shell nanostructures, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and quantum dots Shows how nanomaterials are used effectively for a range of diseases, including breast cancer, prostate cancer and neurological disorders Assesses the pros and cons of using different nanomaterials for different types of treatment

Molecular Imaging of Small Animals

Author : Habib Zaidi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493908944
Total Pages : 762 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Imaging of Small Animals by : Habib Zaidi

Download or read book Molecular Imaging of Small Animals written by Habib Zaidi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-27 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the fundamental concepts of multimodality small-animal molecular imaging technologies and their numerous applications in biomedical research. Driven primarily by the widespread availability of various small-animal models of human diseases replicating accurately biological and biochemical processes in vivo, this is a relatively new yet rapidly expanding field that has excellent potential to become a powerful tool in biomedical research and drug development. In addition to being a powerful clinical tool, a number of imaging modalities including but not limited to CT, MRI, SPECT and PET are also used in small laboratory animal research to visualize and track certain molecular processes associated with diseases such as cancer, heart disease and neurological disorders in living small animal models of disease. In vivo small-animal imaging is playing a pivotal role in the scientific research paradigm enabling to understand human molecular biology and pathophysiology using, for instance, genetically engineered mice with spontaneous diseases that closely mimic human diseases.

Advancing Nuclear Medicine Through Innovation

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309134153
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Advancing Nuclear Medicine Through Innovation by : National Research Council

Download or read book Advancing Nuclear Medicine Through Innovation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-09-11 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly 20 million nuclear medicine procedures are carried out each year in the United States alone to diagnose and treat cancers, cardiovascular disease, and certain neurological disorders. Many of the advancements in nuclear medicine have been the result of research investments made during the past 50 years where these procedures are now a routine part of clinical care. Although nuclear medicine plays an important role in biomedical research and disease management, its promise is only beginning to be realized. Advancing Nuclear Medicine Through Innovation highlights the exciting emerging opportunities in nuclear medicine, which include assessing the efficacy of new drugs in development, individualizing treatment to the patient, and understanding the biology of human diseases. Health care and pharmaceutical professionals will be most interested in this book's examination of the challenges the field faces and its recommendations for ways to reduce these impediments.