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Modelling Of The Subarctic North Pacific Circulation
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Author :Paul H. LeBlond Publisher :Sidney, B.C. : North Pacific Marine Science Organization ISBN 13 :9780969842057 Total Pages :91 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (42 download)
Book Synopsis Modelling of the Subarctic North Pacific Circulation by : Paul H. LeBlond
Download or read book Modelling of the Subarctic North Pacific Circulation written by Paul H. LeBlond and published by Sidney, B.C. : North Pacific Marine Science Organization. This book was released on 1996 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modelling of the Subarctic North Pacific Circulation by : Paul H. LeBlond
Download or read book Modelling of the Subarctic North Pacific Circulation written by Paul H. LeBlond and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ocean Circulation and Climate by : Gerold Siedler
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Gerold Siedler and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001-04-11 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the views of leading scientists on the knowledge of the global ocean circulation following the completion of the observational phase of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. WOCE's in situ physical and chemical measurements together with satellite altimetry have produced a data set which provides for development of ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere circulation models used for understanding ocean and climate variability and projecting climate change. This book guides the reader through the analysis, interpretation, modelling and synthesis of this data.
Book Synopsis North Pacific Climate, Ocean Circulation, and Productivity Over Millennial and Orbital Timescales by :
Download or read book North Pacific Climate, Ocean Circulation, and Productivity Over Millennial and Orbital Timescales written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to processes that are poorly understood, the arctic/subarctic region is currently warming at approximately twice the rate of the rest of the globe, and these regional changes may in turn have important consequences on global climate. The Bering Sea is an ideal location to study the relationship between sea ice distribution, ocean circulation, and biological productivity, which are all thought to be components of important interactions that both respond to and influence climate changes on regional (North Pacific) to global scales. Geologic records are essential for understanding and predicting future oceanic and climatic changes, but most previous studies of Bering Sea and North Pacific climate and oceanic conditions were limited by short records that only spanned one glacial-interglacial climate cycle (~100 kyr). This dissertation presents new geochemical and sedimentological records of oceanic and climatic conditions over the past 1.2 Myr using sediment cores from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1342 (54.83°N, 176.92°E, 818 m water depth) in the Bering Sea, providing an unprecedented opportunity to examine trends over multiple glacial-interglacial cycles. Long benthic foraminiferal stable isotope records from Site U1342 provide the first evidence of an important recurring relationship in which extremely cold glacial conditions lead to enhanced Bering Sea ice extent and enhanced local formation of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW), the water mass primarily associated with large-scale North Pacific circulation and heat transport. These results contradict model predictions for weaker NPIW formation during extreme glacial conditions and show that North Pacific and North Atlantic circulation acted in phase on glacial-interglacial timescales. Furthermore, new records of nitrate utilization based on nitrogen isotopes demonstrate that glacial climates were consistently associated with enhanced physical stratification in the Bering Sea, which resulted in increased utilization of nutrients by phytoplankton and a reduction in the carbon dioxide released from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, multiple new records that demonstrate high productivity during intervals of laminated sediments, which represent brief anoxic events, indicate that interglacial climates precondition the Bering Sea for rapid oceanic and biological change.
Book Synopsis The Time-averaged Circulation of the North Pacific Ocean by : Edward D. Zaron
Download or read book The Time-averaged Circulation of the North Pacific Ocean written by Edward D. Zaron and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The time-averaged velocity field in the North Pacific was estimated in two sets of inverse calculations. The planetary geostrophic equations were the basis for dynamical models of the flow in each case. The inverse estimates of the circulation were obtained by minimizing a positive-definite cost function, which measured the inconsistency of the model's predictions against a set of observations comprised of a large, high-quality hydrographic data set, and surface fluxes of heat, fresh water, and momentum. In the first part of this work, four solution methods for the generalized inverse of a linear planetary geostrophic model of the North Pacific are compared. A conjugate gradient solver applied to the equation for the generalized inverse, expressed in terms of a representer expansion, was the most computationally efficient solution method. The other methods, in order of decreasing efficiency, were, a conjugate gradient descent solver (preconditioned with the inverse of the model operators), a direct solver for the representer coefficients, and a second conjugate gradient descent solver (preconditioned so that the diagonal elements of the cost Redacted for Privacy function Hessian were unity). All but the last method were successful at minimizing the penalty function. Inverse estimates of the circulation based on the linear planetary geostrophic model were stable to perturbations in the data, and insensitive to assumptions regarding the model forcing and boundary condition uncertainties. A large calculation, which involved approximately 18,000 observations and 60,000 state variables, indicated that the linear model is remarkably consistent with the observations. The second part of this work describes an attempt to use a nonlinear planetary geostrophic model (which included realistic bottom topography, lateral momentum mixing, out-cropping layers, and air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum) to assimilate the same hydrographic data set as above. Because of the nonlinearity in the model, descent methods (rather than a representer-based method) were used to solve the inverse problem. The nonlinearity of the model and the poor conditioning of the cost function Hessian confounded the minimization process. A solver for the tangent-linearization of the planetary geostrophic system should be used as a preconditioner if calculations of this type are attempted in the future.
Download or read book PICES Scientific Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Space and Time Scales of Variability in the Subarctic North Pacific by : S. C. Riser
Download or read book Space and Time Scales of Variability in the Subarctic North Pacific written by S. C. Riser and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earth's Climate written by Chunzai Wang and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2004-01-09 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 147. It is more than 30 years since the publication of Jacob Bjerknes' groundbreaking ideas made clear the importance of ocean-atmosphere interaction in the tropics. It is now more than 20 years since the arrival of a massive El Niño in the fall of 1982 set off a cascade of observational and theoretical studies. During the following decades, the climate research community has made exceptional progress in refining our capacity to observe earth's climate and theorize about it, including new satellite-based and in situ monitoring systems and coupled ocean-atmosphere predictive numerical models. Of equal importance. is the expanding scope ofresearch, which now reaches far beyond the Pacific El Niño and includes climate phenomena in other ocean basins. In order to cover the now global context of ocean-atmosphere interaction we have organized this monograph around five principal themes, each introduced by one or more broad overview papers. Theme I covers interaction and climate variability in the Pacific sector, with extensive discussion of El Niño-Southern Oscillation, and with the possible causes and consequences of variability on both shorter and longer timescales. Theme II is devoted to interaction in the Atlantic sector. This basin exhibits complex behavior, reflecting its geographic location between two major zones of convection as well as neighboring the tropical Pacific. Theme III reviews the recent, exciting progress in our understanding of climate variability in the Indian sector. Theme IV addresses the interaction between the tropics and the extratropics, which are linked through the presence of shallow meridional overturning cells in the ocean. Finally, Theme V discusses overarching issues of cross-basin interaction.
Book Synopsis The Global Coastal Ocean - Regional Studies and Syntheses by : Kenneth H. Brink
Download or read book The Global Coastal Ocean - Regional Studies and Syntheses written by Kenneth H. Brink and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 1096 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Deep Circulation, Central North Pacific Ocean by : William D. Barbee
Download or read book Deep Circulation, Central North Pacific Ocean written by William D. Barbee and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modelling the Chlorofluorocarbon Transient in the North Pacific by : Cynthia Juyne Beegle
Download or read book Modelling the Chlorofluorocarbon Transient in the North Pacific written by Cynthia Juyne Beegle and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oceanic Circulation Models: Combining Data and Dynamics by : D.L.T. Anderson
Download or read book Oceanic Circulation Models: Combining Data and Dynamics written by D.L.T. Anderson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book which is the outcome of a NATO-Advanced Study Institute on Mod elling the Ocean Circulation and Geochemical Tracer Transport is concerned with using models to infer the ocean circulation. Understanding our climate is one of the major problems of the late twentieth century. The possible climatic changes resulting from the rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide and other trace gases are of primary interest and the ocean pla. ys a ma. jor role in determining the magnitude, temporal evolution and regional distribution of those changes. Because of the poor observational basis the ocean general circulation is not well understood. The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) which is now underway is an attempt to improve our knowledge of ocean dynamics and thermodynamics on global scales relevant to climate change. Despite those efforts, the oceanic data base is likely to remain scarce and it is crucial to use appropriate methods in order to extract the maximum amount of information from observations. The book contains a thorough analysis of methods to combine data of val'ious types with dynamical concepts, and to assimilate data directly into ocean models. The properties of geocl;temical tracers such as HC, He, Tritium and Freons and how they may be used to impose integral constraints on the ocean circulation are discussed.
Book Synopsis Interannual Variability in the North Pacific Ocean from Observations and a Data-assimilating Model by : Elizabeth M. Douglass
Download or read book Interannual Variability in the North Pacific Ocean from Observations and a Data-assimilating Model written by Elizabeth M. Douglass and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interannual variability of the volume, heat, and freshwater circulation in the North Pacific Ocean is explored through a joint analysis of observations and the output from a data-assimilating model. High-resolution repeated expendable bathythermograph (XBT) transects provide an observational basis for analysis of transport of volume, heat, and freshwater in the North Pacific. The Estimating the Climate and Circulation of the Ocean (ECCO) Consortium uses the adjoint method to constrain an ocean circulation model with observations, producing dynamically consistent time-varying ocean state estimates. These state estimates provide a context in which the detailed information from the observations can be used for analysis of the mean and variability of ocean circulation. An initial analysis of volume transport in the Northeast Pacific demonstrates that comparisons between a global ocean state estimate and the data are useful in understanding the large-scale gyre interactions, as well as connections with larger scale signals. To improve the accuracy of the ocean state estimate in the North Pacific, several experiments are performed with the ECCO model in a regional setting. First, we withhold subsets of the data from the assimilation to emphasize the importance of including all available data in order to obtain an accurate state estimate. Separately, we determine that increasing the weights on the subsurface data increases the accuracy of the subsurface estimate with minimal cost to the accuracy of the surface estimate. This new North Pacific state estimate is used to develop heat and freshwater budgets. A trans-Pacific XBT track defines the southern boundary of a closed region, and in that region the balance between cross-track advective transport and surface fluxes gives an estimate of the time-varying storage of heat and freshwater. The mean estimates of transport and storage compare well with previous research. In addition, estimates of the magnitude of variability are provided. The freshwater budget is found to be relatively stable, while the heat budget has large interannual variability. Connections between the variability of the heat storage in the North Pacific and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation climate signal are found.
Book Synopsis Ocean Circulation and Climate by : Carl Wunsch
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Carl Wunsch and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Ocean Circulation Experiment drove the development of estimates of the decadal scale time evolving general circulation that are dynamically and kinematically consistent. A long timescale, and a goal of estimation rather than prediction, preclude the use of meteorological methods called “data assimilation (DA).” Instead, “state estimation” methods are reviewed here and distinguished from DA. Results from the dynamically consistent family of solutions from the project Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean based upon least-squares Lagrange multipliers (adjoints) are used to discuss the determination of the dominant elements of the circulation in the period since 1992—which marked the beginning of the satellite altimetric record. Significant changes documented in the Arctic in recent decades now mandate consideration of the coupled ocean-cryospheric state.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Atmosphere and Ocean from Space: Models, Instruments and Techniques by : Frank S. Marzano
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Atmosphere and Ocean from Space: Models, Instruments and Techniques written by Frank S. Marzano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-01-31 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of the lectures, held at the International Summer School ISSAOS-2000 in L'Aquila (Italy), given by invited lecturers coming from both Europe and the USA. The goal of the book is to provide a broad panorama of spaceborne remote sensing techniques, at both microwave and visible-infrared bands and by both active and passive sensors, for the retrieval of atmospheric and oceanic parameters. A significant emphasis is given to the physical modeling background, instrument potential and limitations, inversion methods and applications. Topics on international remote sensing programs and assimilation techniques into numerical weather forecast models are also touched. The main purpose of the book is to offer to young scientists, Ph.D. or equivalent students, and to all who would like to have a broad-spectrum understanding of spaceborne remote sensing capabilities, introductory material to each remote sensing topic written by the most qualified experts in the field.
Book Synopsis Fostering Internationalism through Marine Science by : Sara Tjossem
Download or read book Fostering Internationalism through Marine Science written by Sara Tjossem and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-01 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the work of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) since its launch 1992. Mapping the evolution of its agenda gives insight into the development of modern marine science in the context of competing demands of stakeholders within and outside the organization. The opening chapter consider the challenges of marine science as a large scale, and places PICES in the contexts of internationalism and science-based resource management. They also lay out the organization’s longstanding focus on the development of climate science and its applications. Subsequent chapters explore the pros and cons of national vs. international science, negotiating the nature of investigation and cooperation across scientific, political and institutional boundaries in the region; national perspectives on purpose, scope, and mandates; assessing two major initiatives undertaken to date; the challenges of incorporating social science into an organization of mainly natural scientists.
Book Synopsis Seasonal to Interdecadalvariability of the North Pacific Circulation Based on the Climatological Observed Data and the Princeton Ocean Model by : Grigory Isayev Monterey
Download or read book Seasonal to Interdecadalvariability of the North Pacific Circulation Based on the Climatological Observed Data and the Princeton Ocean Model written by Grigory Isayev Monterey and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report summarizes some intermediate results as well as a number of unresolved problems encountered in an attempt to develop an ocean modeling system for the simulation, visualization, and retrospective analysis of the seasonal to interdecadal variability of the physical environment of the North Pacific Ocean. This modeling system is intended to produce the monthly mean quanitities for the individual years, such as subsurface temperature and salinity, and the horizontal and vertical components of the large-scale circulation, as well as a number of derived quanitities, such as the mixed layer depth, the thermocline depth, the vertical thermohaline stratification, and the horizontal and vertical transports of heat, salt, and nutrients."--p.2
