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Modeling The Evolution Of Composition Of The Fuel And Lubricant Mixture On The Cylinder Wall In Internal Combustion Engines
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Book Synopsis Modeling the Evolution of Composition of the Fuel and Lubricant Mixture on the Cylinder Wall in Internal Combustion Engines by : Vinayak Teja Kalva
Download or read book Modeling the Evolution of Composition of the Fuel and Lubricant Mixture on the Cylinder Wall in Internal Combustion Engines written by Vinayak Teja Kalva and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improvements in engine efficiency are necessary for the advancement of modem engine technology. Fuels and lubricants used in internal combustion (IC) engines play an important role in governing the engine efficiency. In IC engines some amount of fuel spray can eventually end up on the cylinder liner. This fuel spray mixes with the oil (lubricant) present on the liner. Now the liquid layer on the liner consists of fuel and oil (fuel-oil film is formed) which interacts with the piston rings and the up-scraping of the fuel-oil film can cause the release of oil droplets into the combustion chamber. The released oil droplets lower the self-ignition temperature of the fuel vapor which might lead to pre-ignition. Pre-ignition is a phenomenon in which the fuel vapor ignites before the spark plug fires causing huge pressure rise which can be detrimental for the engine. The fuel spray on the liner can also pass through the piston rings during the compression stroke and can cause oil dilution in the crank case. The current work is mainly focused on analyzing the fuel-oil interaction on the cylinder liner. A numerical model has been developed in which fuel was modeled as a mixture of 10 hydrocarbon components and oil was modeled as a single n-alkane hydrocarbon. In this model, diffusion in the film, heat transfer in the film, and vaporization at the film-air interface have been coupled. Moving boundary (due to vaporization) was handled by solving the time required to remove the outermost layer while utilizing regular meshing. Implicit method and Newton's iteration method were used to ensure numerical stability and efficiency. Eventually the model calculates the remaining mixture thickness and content before the piston comes back to the specified location in the compression stroke. Some of the main inputs to the model are timing and location of the fuel droplets depositing on the liner, initial fuel film thickness, initial oil film thickness, liner temperature, and cylinder gas pressure. The results showed that with typical engine operational parameters, substantial portion of the initial film mixture still remains when the piston comes back if the initial fuel film thickness is in the range of 20 pm. Further studies were made to examine the consequences of the remaining mixture on the liner. A brief quantitative study was performed to compare the fuel-oil scraped volume and crevice volume. Additionally, the increase in ring-liner contact force due to local oil dilution on the liner was examined using an existing ring-liner lubrication model.
Book Synopsis Mixture Formation in Internal Combustion Engines by : Carsten Baumgarten
Download or read book Mixture Formation in Internal Combustion Engines written by Carsten Baumgarten and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-02-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic control of mixture formation with modern high-pressure injection systems enables us to achieve considerable improvements of the combustion pr- ess in terms of reduced fuel consumption and engine-out raw emissions. However, because of the growing number of free parameters due to more flexible injection systems, variable valve trains, the application of different combustion concepts within different regions of the engine map, etc., the prediction of spray and m- ture formation becomes increasingly complex. For this reason, the optimization of the in-cylinder processes using 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) becomes increasingly important. In these CFD codes, the detailed modeling of spray and mixture formation is a prerequisite for the correct calculation of the subsequent processes like ignition, combustion and formation of emissions. Although such simulation tools can be viewed as standard tools today, the predictive quality of the sub-models is c- stantly enhanced by a more accurate and detailed modeling of the relevant pr- esses, and by the inclusion of new important mechanisms and effects that come along with the development of new injection systems and have not been cons- ered so far. In this book the most widely used mathematical models for the simulation of spray and mixture formation in 3D CFD calculations are described and discussed. In order to give the reader an introduction into the complex processes, the book starts with a description of the fundamental mechanisms and categories of fuel - jection, spray break-up, and mixture formation in internal combustion engines.
Book Synopsis Modeling Engine Spray and Combustion Processes by : Gunnar Stiesch
Download or read book Modeling Engine Spray and Combustion Processes written by Gunnar Stiesch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-04-10 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The utilization of mathematical models to numerically describe the performance of internal combustion engines is of great significance in the development of new and improved engines. Today, such simulation models can already be viewed as standard tools, and their importance is likely to increase further as available com puter power is expected to increase and the predictive quality of the models is constantly enhanced. This book describes and discusses the most widely used mathematical models for in-cylinder spray and combustion processes, which are the most important subprocesses affecting engine fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The relevant thermodynamic, fluid dynamic and chemical principles are summarized, and then the application of these principles to the in-cylinder processes is ex plained. Different modeling approaches for the each subprocesses are compared and discussed with respect to the governing model assumptions and simplifica tions. Conclusions are drawn as to which model approach is appropriate for a specific type of problem in the development process of an engine. Hence, this book may serve both as a graduate level textbook for combustion engineering stu dents and as a reference for professionals employed in the field of combustion en gine modeling. The research necessary for this book was carried out during my employment as a postdoctoral scientist at the Institute of Technical Combustion (ITV) at the Uni versity of Hannover, Germany and at the Engine Research Center (ERC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
Book Synopsis Simulating Combustion by : Günter P. Merker
Download or read book Simulating Combustion written by Günter P. Merker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-17 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The numerical simulation of combustion processes in internal combustion engines, including also the formation of pollutants, has become increasingly important in the recent years, and today the simulation of those processes has already become an indispensable tool when - veloping new combustion concepts. While pure thermodynamic models are well-established tools that are in use for the simulation of the transient behavior of complex systems for a long time, the phenomenological models have become more important in the recent years and have also been implemented in these simulation programs. In contrast to this, the thr- dimensional simulation of in-cylinder combustion, i. e. the detailed, integrated and continuous simulation of the process chain injection, mixture formation, ignition, heat release due to combustion and formation of pollutants, has been significantly improved, but there is still a number of challenging problems to solve, regarding for example the exact description of s- processes like the structure of turbulence during combustion as well as the appropriate choice of the numerical grid. While chapter 2 includes a short introduction of functionality and operating modes of internal combustion engines, the basics of kinetic reactions are presented in chapter 3. In chapter 4 the physical and chemical processes taking place in the combustion chamber are described. Ch- ter 5 is about phenomenological multi-zone models, and in chapter 6 the formation of poll- ants is described.
Book Synopsis Development and Application of a Lubricant Composition Model to Study Effects of Oil Transport, Vaporization, Fuel Dilution, and Soot Contamination on Lubricant Rheology and Engine Friction by : Grace Xiang Gu
Download or read book Development and Application of a Lubricant Composition Model to Study Effects of Oil Transport, Vaporization, Fuel Dilution, and Soot Contamination on Lubricant Rheology and Engine Friction written by Grace Xiang Gu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engine oil lubricants play a critical role in controlling mechanical friction in internal combustion engines by reducing metal-on-metal contact. This implies the importance of understanding lubricant optimization at the piston ring-cylinder liner interface. Lubricating oil composition varies along the liner and throughout the engine. Composition changes occur due to degradation, vaporization, mixing during ring passage, fuel dilution, particulate matter contamination, and combustion gases getting onto the liner causing wear and erosion. These chemical and physical properties change oil composition and in-situ oil properties. The objective of this thesis is to discuss the development of an oil composition model to determine rheological properties at critical rubbing surfaces due to oil transport, vaporization, fuel dilution, and soot contamination. This study will specifically focus on the oil on the cylinder liner because the interaction between piston assembly and cylinder wall is where most of the mechanical friction originates. The first physical process discussed is oil mixing due to piston movement. Axial mixing analysis shows that mixing only occurs when the piston ring is above the oil particle location. Flow rates are calculated at each liner position from using piston speed, film thickness, and pressure gradient parameters. From this basic model of oil transport, chemical processes are applied to each species in each different liner location. For the process of vaporization, due to high temperatures near the top dead center of the piston, light volatile hydrocarbons vaporize and leave the system. Light carbon number species disappear at a faster rate due to their high volatility and vaporization rates. This results in retention of heavier hydrocarbon species near the top zone of the cylinder liner model. Vaporization rates for different species in each liner location are obtained by looking at individual vapor pressures, mass transfer coefficients, and other oil properties. The link between composition and viscosity is a blending equation. The Arrhenius blending equation is used to calculate mixture viscosity from the summation of different species composition and component viscosity values. A combination of composition results shows that near the top dead center or top zone, the viscosity is higher than just considering temperature effects on oil viscosity. The impact of this vaporization component shows that the addition of a non-volatile oil species near the top dead center of the cylinder liner has the ability to flatten the species viscosity versus liner location curve. Other rheology applications were studied for effects of fuel dilution, additive concentrations, and also soot contamination. This new oil composition model solves for in-situ compositional changes for different oil species due to different physical and chemical processes along the cylinder liner. This change in composition causes a change in viscosity of the overall mixture which is solved for with blending equations. Then from mixture viscosity values, friction and wear can be calculated to optimize the lubricant for fuel efficiency.
Book Synopsis Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals by : John B. Heywood
Download or read book Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals written by John B. Heywood and published by McGraw-Hill Education. This book was released on 1988 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text, by a leading authority in the field, presents a fundamental and factual development of the science and engineering underlying the design of combustion engines and turbines. An extensive illustration program supports the concepts and theories discussed.
Book Synopsis Combustion in Piston Engines by : A. K. Oppenheim
Download or read book Combustion in Piston Engines written by A. K. Oppenheim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-01-22 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion in Piston Engines presents the technique of pressure diagnostics to measure the fuel consumption in an engine cylinder and to monitor the operation of micro-electronic systems for its control. It provides a recipe for bridging the gap between the hydrocarbon-fed combustion technology of automotive powerplants of today and electro-magnetic technologies of the future. The author proposes and introduces a model for the design of a MECC (micro-electronically controlled combustion) systems to modulate combustion in engine cylinders. This system yields significant reduction in the formation of pollutants and the consumption of fuel, so that, eventually, emissions using any clean hydrocarbon fuel will be acceptable and gas mileage could be doubled.
Book Synopsis A Phenomenological Knock Model for the Development of Future Engine Concepts by : Alexander Fandakov
Download or read book A Phenomenological Knock Model for the Development of Future Engine Concepts written by Alexander Fandakov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of 0D/1D knock models available today are known for their poor accuracy and the great effort needed for their calibration. Alexander Fandakov presents a novel, extensively validated phenomenological knock model for the development of future engine concepts within a 0D/1D simulation environment that has one engine-specific calibration parameter. Benchmarks against the models commonly used in the automotive industry reveal the huge gain in knock boundary prediction accuracy achieved with the approach proposed in this work. Thus, the new knock model contributes substantially to the efficient design of spark ignition engines employing technologies such as full-load exhaust gas recirculation, water injection, variable compression ratio or lean combustion. About the Author Alexander Fandakov holds a PhD in automotive powertrain engineering from the Institute of Internal Combustion Engines and Automotive Engineering (IVK) at the University of Stuttgart, Germany. Currently, he is working as an advanced powertrain development engineer in the automotive industry.
Book Synopsis Fuels and Lubricating Oils for Internal-combustion Engines by : Brinley Pugh
Download or read book Fuels and Lubricating Oils for Internal-combustion Engines written by Brinley Pugh and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preprints of the Annual Automotive Technology Development Contractors' Coordination Meeting by :
Download or read book Preprints of the Annual Automotive Technology Development Contractors' Coordination Meeting written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992-11 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Liquid Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines by : Harold Moore
Download or read book Liquid Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines written by Harold Moore and published by . This book was released on 2009-03 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Lubrication of the Piston Ring Pack in Internal Combustion Engines Using the Deterministic Method by : Haijie Chen
Download or read book Modeling the Lubrication of the Piston Ring Pack in Internal Combustion Engines Using the Deterministic Method written by Haijie Chen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Piston ring packs are used in internal combustion engines to seal both the high pressure gas in the combustion chamber and the lubricant oil in the crank case. The interaction between the piston ring pack and the cylinder bore contributes substantially to the total friction power loss for IC engines. The aim of this thesis work is to advance the understanding of the ring liner lubrication through numerical modeling. A twin-land oil control ring lubrication model and a top two-ring lubrication model are developed based on a deterministic approach. The models take into consideration the effect of both the liner finish micro geometry and the ring face macro profile. The liner finish effect is evaluated on a 3D deterministically measured liner finish patch, with fully-flooded oil supply condition to the oil control rings and starved oil supply condition to the top two rings. Correlations based on deterministic calculations and proper scaling are developed to connect the average hydrodynamic pressure and friction to the critical geometrical parameters and operating parameters so that cycle evaluation of the ring lubrication can be performed in an efficient manner. The models can be used for ring pack friction prediction, and ring pack/liner design optimization based on the trade-off of friction power loss and oil consumption. To provide further insights to the effect of liner finish, a wear model is then developed to simulate the liner surface geometry evolution during the break-in/wear process. The model is based on the idea of simulated repetitive grinding on the plateau part of the liner finish using a random grinder. The model successfully captures the statistic topological features of the worn liner roughness. Combining the piston ring pack model and the liner finish wear model, one can potentially predict the long term ring pack friction loss. Finally the thesis covers the experimental validation of the twin-land oil control ring model using floating liner engine friction measurements. The modeled ring friction is compared with the experimental measurement under different ring designs and liner finishes. The result shows that the model in general successfully predicts the friction force of the twin-land oil control ring/liner pair.
Book Synopsis Cylinder Wear in Internal Combustion Engines, Its Causes & Prevention by : Edmund Chester Sauve
Download or read book Cylinder Wear in Internal Combustion Engines, Its Causes & Prevention written by Edmund Chester Sauve and published by . This book was released on 1941 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mixture Formation in Internal Combustion Engines by : Carsten Baumgarten
Download or read book Mixture Formation in Internal Combustion Engines written by Carsten Baumgarten and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-28 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic control of mixture formation with modern high-pressure injection systems enables us to achieve considerable improvements of the combustion pr- ess in terms of reduced fuel consumption and engine-out raw emissions. However, because of the growing number of free parameters due to more flexible injection systems, variable valve trains, the application of different combustion concepts within different regions of the engine map, etc., the prediction of spray and m- ture formation becomes increasingly complex. For this reason, the optimization of the in-cylinder processes using 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) becomes increasingly important. In these CFD codes, the detailed modeling of spray and mixture formation is a prerequisite for the correct calculation of the subsequent processes like ignition, combustion and formation of emissions. Although such simulation tools can be viewed as standard tools today, the predictive quality of the sub-models is c- stantly enhanced by a more accurate and detailed modeling of the relevant pr- esses, and by the inclusion of new important mechanisms and effects that come along with the development of new injection systems and have not been cons- ered so far. In this book the most widely used mathematical models for the simulation of spray and mixture formation in 3D CFD calculations are described and discussed. In order to give the reader an introduction into the complex processes, the book starts with a description of the fundamental mechanisms and categories of fuel - jection, spray break-up, and mixture formation in internal combustion engines.
Book Synopsis Technical Literature Abstracts by : Society of Automotive Engineers
Download or read book Technical Literature Abstracts written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling Piston Skirt Lubrication in Internal Combustion Engines by : Dongfang Bai (Ph. D.)
Download or read book Modeling Piston Skirt Lubrication in Internal Combustion Engines written by Dongfang Bai (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever-increasing demand for reduction of the undesirable emissions from the internal combustion engines propels broader effort in auto industry to design more fuel efficient engines. One of the major focuses is the reduction of engine mechanical losses, to which the friction of the piston skirt is one important contributor. Yet there lacks a sufficient understanding of the skirt lubrication behavior to effectively optimize the piston skirt system in practice. The ultimate goal of this work is to develop a comprehensive model to advance the predictability of the skirt friction while integrating all the dynamic behavior of the piston secondary motion and the structural deformation of the piston skirt and cylinder liner. Major contributions of this work are analysis of and development of a model for the oil transport and exchange of the piston skirt region and its surroundings. The new oil transport model is composed with two elements. First, the oil scraped into the chamfer region by the oil control ring during a down-stroke is tracked and its accumulation and release to the skirt region are modeled. Second, oil separation and re-attachment are allowed in the skirt region, breaking conventional full-attachment assumption in lubrication studies. The new oil transport model together with hydrodynamic and boundary lubrication model were coupled with piston secondary motion and structural deformation of the piston skirt and cylinder liner. For numerical efficiency and physics clarity, we used different discretization for the lubrication from the structural deformation. The final model is robust and efficient. The discussion of the model results is focused mainly on the oil transport. There exist a general pattern in available oil for skirt lubrication, namely, skirt tends to be starved when it travels at the upper portion of a stroke. Comparison with visualization experiment for oil accumulation patterns show consistency between model prediction and observation. This work represents a major step forward to realistically predicting skirt friction and the influence of all the relevant design and operational parameters. However, oil supply to the region below the piston skirt can largely influence the outcome of the friction prediction and its mechanism is system dependent. Additionally, simple treatment of the oil transport in the current model is merely a first step to modeling the complex fluid problems involved. Improvements of this model based on application and further analysis will make it a more powerful engineering tool to optimize the skirt system to minimize its undesirable outputs.
