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Modeling The Effects Of Late Cycle Oxygen Enrichment On Diesel Engine Combustion And Emissions
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Book Synopsis Modeling the Effects of Late Cycle Oxygen Enrichment on Diesel Engine Combustion and Emissions by :
Download or read book Modeling the Effects of Late Cycle Oxygen Enrichment on Diesel Engine Combustion and Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidimensional simulation of Auxiliary Gas Injection (AGI) for late cycle oxygen enrichment was exercised to assess the merits of AGI for reducing the emissions of soot from heavy duty diesel engines while not adversely affecting the NO(subscript x) emissions of the engine. Here, AGI is the controlled enhancement of mixing within the diesel engine combustion chamber by high speed jets of air or another gas. The engine simulated was a Caterpillar 3401 engine. For a particular operating condition of this engine, the simulated soot emissions of the engine were reduced by 80% while not significantly affecting the engine-out NO(subscript x) emissions compared to the engine operating without AGI. The effects of AGI duration, timing, and orientation are studied to confirm the window of opportunity for realizing lower engine-out soot while not increasing engine out NO(subscript x) through controlled enhancement of in-cylinder mixing. These studies have shown that this window occurs during the late combustion cycle, from 20 to 60 crank angle degrees after top-dead-center. During this time, the combustion chamber temperatures are sufficiently high that soot oxidation increases in response in increased mixing, but the temperature is low enough that NO(subscript x) reactions are quenched. The effect of the oxygen composition of the injected air is studied for the range of compositions between 21% and 30% oxygen by volume. This is the range of oxygen enrichment that is practical to produce from an air separation membrane. Simulations showed that this level of oxygen enrichment is insufficient to provide an additional benefit by either increasing the level of soot oxidation or prolonging the window of opportunity for increasing soot oxidation through enhanced mixing.
Book Synopsis Simulation Studies of Diesel Engine Performance with Oxygen Enriched Air and Water Emulsified Fuels by :
Download or read book Simulation Studies of Diesel Engine Performance with Oxygen Enriched Air and Water Emulsified Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A computer simulation code of a turbocharged, turbocompound diesel engine was modified to study the effects of using oxygen-enriched combustion air and water-emulsified diesel fuels. Oxygen levels of 21 percent to 40 percent by volume in the combustion air were studied. Water content in the fuel was varied from 0 percent to 50 percent mass. Simulation studies and a review and analysis of previous work in this area led to the following conclusions about expected engine performance and emissions: the power density of the engine is significantly increased by oxygen enrichment. Ignition delay and particulate emissions are reduced. Combustion temperatures and No(subscript x) emissions are increased with oxygen enrichment but could be brought back to the base levels by introducing water in the fuel. The peak cylinder pressure which increases with the power output level might result in mechanical problems with engine components. Oxygen enrichment also provides an opportunity to use cheaper fuel such as No. 6 diesel fuel. Overall, the adverse effects of oxygen enrichment could be countered by the addition of water and it appears that an optimum combination of water content, oxygen level, and base diesel fuel quality may exist. This could yield improved performance and emissions characteristics compared to a state-of-the-art diesel engine. 9 refs., 8 figs.
Book Synopsis Application of Oxygen-enriched Combustion for Locomotive Diesel Engines. Phase 1 by :
Download or read book Application of Oxygen-enriched Combustion for Locomotive Diesel Engines. Phase 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thermodynamic simulation is used to study the effects of oxygen-enriched intake air on the performance and nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions of a locomotive diesel engine. The parasitic power of the air separation membrane required to supply the oxygen-enriched air is also estimated. For a given constraint on peak cylinder pressure, the gross and net power outputs of an engine operating under different levels of oxygen enrichment are compared with those obtained when a high-boost turbocharged engine is used. A 4% increase in peak cylinder pressure can result in an increase in net engine power of approximately 13% when intake air with an oxygen content of 28% by volume is used and fuel injection timing is retarded by 4 degrees. When the engine is turbocharged to a higher inlet boost, the same increase in peak cylinder pressure improves power by only 4%. If part of the significantly higher exhaust enthalpies available as a result of oxygen enrichment are recovered, the power requirements of the air separator membrane can be met, resulting in substantial net power improvements. Oxygen enrichment reduces particulate and visible smoke emissions but increases NO emissions. However, a combination of retarded fuel injection timing and post-treatment of exhaust gases may be adequate to meet the locomotive diesel engine NO(subscript x) standards. Exhaust gas after-treatment and heat recovery would be required to realize the full potential of oxygen enrichment. Economic analysis shows that oxygen-enrichment technology is economically feasible and provides high returns on investment. The study also indicates the strong influence of membrane parasitic requirements and exhaust energy recovery on economic benefits. To obtain an economic advantage while using a membrane with higher parasitic power requirements, it is necessary to recover a part of the exhaust energy.
Author :American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Internal Combustion Engine Division. Spring Technical Conference Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :864 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the ... Spring Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division by : American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Internal Combustion Engine Division. Spring Technical Conference
Download or read book Proceedings of the ... Spring Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division written by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Internal Combustion Engine Division. Spring Technical Conference and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oxygen-enriched Diesel Engine Performance by :
Download or read book Oxygen-enriched Diesel Engine Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use of oxygen-enriched combustion air in diesel engines can lead to significant improvements in power density, as well as reductions in particulate emissions, but at the expense of higher NO(subscript x) emissions. Oxygen enrichment would also lead to lower ignition delays and the opportunity to burn lower grade fuels. Analytical and experimental studies are being conducted in parallel to establish the optimal combination of oxygen level and diesel fuel properties. In this paper, cylinder pressure data acquired on a single-cylinder engine are used to generate heat release rates for operation under various oxygen contents. These derived heat release rates are in turn used to improve the combustion correlation -- and thus the prediction capability -- of the simulation code. It is shown that simulated and measured cylinder pressures and other performance parameters are in good agreement. The improved simulation can provide sufficiently accurate predictions of trends and magnitudes to be useful in parametric studies assessing the effects of oxygen enrichment and water injection on diesel engine performance. Measured ignition delays, NO(subscript x) emissions, and particulate emissions are also compared with previously published data. The measured ignition delays are slightly lower than previously reported. Particulate emissions measured in this series of tests are significantly lower than previously reported. 14 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.
Book Synopsis Effect of Oxygen Enrichment on the Performance and Emissions of I.D.I Diesel Engines by :
Download or read book Effect of Oxygen Enrichment on the Performance and Emissions of I.D.I Diesel Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Oxygen Enrichment on the Performance and Emissions of Indirect Injection Diesel Engines by : Jamil Ghojel
Download or read book Effect of Oxygen Enrichment on the Performance and Emissions of Indirect Injection Diesel Engines written by Jamil Ghojel and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Oxygen Enrichment on the Performance and Emissions of IDI Diesel Engines by : Jamil Ghojel
Download or read book Effect of Oxygen Enrichment on the Performance and Emissions of IDI Diesel Engines written by Jamil Ghojel and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book עולמות נסתרים written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Study of Using Oxygen-enriched Combustion Air for Locomotive Diesel Engines by :
Download or read book Study of Using Oxygen-enriched Combustion Air for Locomotive Diesel Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thermodynamic simulation is used to study effects of O2-enriched intake air on performance and NO emissions of a locomotive diesel engine. Parasitic power of the air separation membrane required to supply the O2-enriched air is also estimated. For a given constraint on peak cylinder pressure, gross and net power output of an engine operating under different levels of O2 enrichment are compared with those obtained when a high-boost turbocharged engine is used. A 4% increase in peak cylinder pressure can result in 13% increase in net engine power when intake air with 28 vol% O2 is used and fuel injection timing retarded by 4 degrees. When the engine is turbocharged to a higher inlet boost, the same increase in peak cylinder pressure can result in only 4% improvement in power. If part of the higher exhaust enthalpies from the O2 enrichment is recovered, the power requirements of the air separator membrane can be met. O2 enrichment with its higher combustion temperatures reduces emissions of particulates and visible smoke but increases NO emissions (by up to 3 times at 26% O2 content). Therefore, exhaust gas after-treatment and heat recovery would be required if the full potential of O2 enrichment for improving the performance of locomotive diesel engines is to be realized.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Effects of Fuel Injection on Heavy-duty Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions by : David D.. Wickman
Download or read book Modeling the Effects of Fuel Injection on Heavy-duty Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions written by David D.. Wickman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diesel Engine Experiments with Oxygen Enrichment, Water Addition and Lower-grade Fuel by :
Download or read book Diesel Engine Experiments with Oxygen Enrichment, Water Addition and Lower-grade Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of oxygen enriched air applied to reciprocating engines is getting renewed attention in the context of the progress made in the enrichment methods and the tougher emissions regulations imposed on diesel and gasoline engines. An experimental project was completed in which a direct injection diesel engine was tested with intake oxygen levels of 21% -- 35%. Since an earlier study indicated that it is necessary to use a cheaper fuel to make the concept economically attractive, a less refined fuel was included in the test series. Since a major objection to the use of oxygen enriched combustion air had been the increase in NO(subscript x) emissions, a method must be found to reduce NO(subscript x). Introduction of water into the engine combustion process was included in the tests for this purpose. Fuel emulsification with water was the means used here even though other methods could also be used. The teat data indicated a large increase in engine power density, slight improvement in thermal efficiency, significant reductions in smoke and particulate emissions and NO(subscript x) emissions controllable with the addition of water. 15 refs., 10 figs., 2 tabs.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Oxygen Enrichment of the Air Intake of a Diesel Engine on the Exhaust Gas Composition and the Combustion Processes by : Ross Malcolm Cooper
Download or read book The Effect of Oxygen Enrichment of the Air Intake of a Diesel Engine on the Exhaust Gas Composition and the Combustion Processes written by Ross Malcolm Cooper and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Small additions of oxygen to the air intake of a Diesel engine increase the temperature at which the combustion processes occur in the cylinder, and have very pronounced effects on the composition of the exhaust gases. Under no load conditions and at constant speed, the concentration of nitrogen oxides continuously increases with enrichment, while those of aldehydes and carbon monoxide decrease. Similar trends are observed for a medium load at constant speed. The behavior may be explained by the effect of an increased temperature. Beyond a critical oxygen enrichment of the intake, a reaction temperature is eventually reached at which partial dissociation of carbon dioxide becomes a factor and the concentration of carbon monoxide begins to rise. The concentration of nitric oxide in the exhaust, being independent of the nature of the fuel, is a measure of the maximum reaction temperature reached during combustion, and this is probably true of all combustion processes in which air is the supporting element. Investigation shows that addition of various gases to the air intake might prove valuable as an experimental technique in the study of combustion processes." --
Book Synopsis Experimental Evaluation of Oxygen-enriched Air and Emulsified Fuels in a Single-cylinder Diesel Engine by :
Download or read book Experimental Evaluation of Oxygen-enriched Air and Emulsified Fuels in a Single-cylinder Diesel Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The performance of a single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine was measured with intake oxygen levels of up to 35% and fuel water contents of up to 20%. Because a previous study indicated that the use of a less-expensive fuel would be more economical, two series of tests with No. 4 diesel fuel and No. 2 diesel fuel were conducted. To control the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO(subscript x)), water was introduced into the combustion process in the form of water-emulsified fuel, or the fuel injection timing was retarded. In the first series of tests, compressed oxygen was used; in the second series of tests, a hollow-tube membrane was used. Steady-state engine performance and emissions data were obtained. Test results indicated a large increase in engine power density, a slight improvement in thermal efficiency, and significant reductions in smoke and particulate-matter emissions. Although NO(subscript x) emissions increased, they could be controlled by introducing water and retarding the injection timing. The results further indicated that thermal efficiency is slightly increased when moderately water-emulsified fuels are used, because a greater portion of the fuel energy is released earlier in the combustion process. Oxygen-enriched air reduced the ignition delay and caused the heat-release rate and cumulative heat-release rates to change measurably. Even at higher oxygen levels, NO(subscript x) emissions decreased rapidly when the timing was retarded, and the amount of smoke and the level of particulate-matter emissions did not significantly increase. The single-cylinder engine tests confirmed the results of an earlier technical assessment and further indicated a need for a low-pressure-drop membrane specifically designed for oxygen enrichment. Extension data set indexed separately. 14 refs.
Book Synopsis Effects of Oxygen-enriched Air on Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions and Engine Performance by : Kashmir S. Virk
Download or read book Effects of Oxygen-enriched Air on Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions and Engine Performance written by Kashmir S. Virk and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Evaluation of Oxygen-enriched Air and Emulsified Fuels in a Single-cylinder Diesel Engine. Volume 1, Concept Evaluation by :
Download or read book Experimental Evaluation of Oxygen-enriched Air and Emulsified Fuels in a Single-cylinder Diesel Engine. Volume 1, Concept Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The performance of a single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine was measured with intake oxygen levels of up to 35% and fuel water contents of up to 20%. Because a previous study indicated that the use of a less-expensive fuel would be more economical, two series of tests with No. 4 diesel fuel and No. 2 diesel fuel were conducted. To control the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO(subscript x)), water was introduced into the combustion process in the form of water-emulsified fuel, or the fuel injection timing was retarded. In the first series of tests, compressed oxygen was used; in the second series of tests, a hollow-tube membrane was used. Steady-state engine performance and emissions data were obtained. Test results indicated a large increase in engine power density, a slight improvement in thermal efficiency, and significant reductions in smoke and particulate-matter emissions. Although NO(subscript x) emissions increased, they could be controlled by introducing water and retarding the injection timing. The results further indicated that thermal efficiency is slightly increased when moderately water-emulsified fuels are used, because a greater portion of the fuel energy is released earlier in the combustion process. Oxygen-enriched air reduced the ignition delay and caused the heat-release rate and cumulative heat-release rates to change measurably. Even at higher oxygen levels, NO(subscript x) emissions decreased rapidly when the timing was retarded, and the amount of smoke and the level of particulate-matter emissions did not significantly increase. The single-cylinder engine tests confirmed the results of an earlier technical assessment and further indicated a need for a low-pressure-drop membrane specifically designed for oxygen enrichment. Extension data set indexed separately. 14 refs.
Book Synopsis Diesel Combustion and Emissions by :
Download or read book Diesel Combustion and Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
