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Modeling Particle Loss In Ventilation Ducts
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Book Synopsis Modeling Particle Loss in Ventilation Ducts by :
Download or read book Modeling Particle Loss in Ventilation Ducts written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical equations were developed and applied to predict losses of 0.01-100 [mu]m airborne particles making a single pass through 120 different ventilation duct runs typical of those found in mid-sized office buildings. For all duct runs, losses were negligible for submicron particles and nearly complete for particles larger than 50 [mu]m. The 50th percentile cut-point diameters were 15 [mu]m in supply runs and 25 [mu]m in return runs. Losses in supply duct runs were higher than in return duct runs, mostly because internal insulation was present in portions of supply duct runs, but absent from return duct runs. Single-pass equations for particle loss in duct runs were combined with models for predicting ventilation system filtration efficiency and particle deposition to indoor surfaces to evaluate the fates of particles of indoor and outdoor origin in an archetypal mechanically ventilated building. Results suggest that duct losses are a minor influence for determining indoor concentrations for most particle sizes. Losses in ducts were of a comparable magnitude to indoor surface losses for most particle sizes. For outdoor air drawn into an unfiltered ventilation system, most particles smaller than 1 [mu]m are exhausted from the building. Large particles deposit within the building, mostly in supply ducts or on indoor surfaces. When filters are present, most particles are either filtered or exhausted. The fates of particles generated indoors follow similar trends as outdoor particles drawn into the building.
Book Synopsis Particle Deposition in Ventilation Ducts by : Mark Raymond Sippola
Download or read book Particle Deposition in Ventilation Ducts written by Mark Raymond Sippola and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Particle Deposition in Ventilation Ducts by :
Download or read book Particle Deposition in Ventilation Ducts written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In ventilation duct flow the turbulent flow profile is commonly disturbed or not fully developed and these conditions are likely to influence particle deposition to duct surfaces. Particle deposition rates at eight S-connectors, in two 90{sup o} duct bends and in two ducts where the turbulent flow profile was not fully developed were measured in a laboratory duct system with both galvanized steel and internally insulated ducts with hydraulic diameters of 15.2 cm. In the steel duct system, experiments with nominal particle diameters of 1, 3, 5, 9 and 16 [mu]m were conducted at each of three nominal air speeds: 2.2, 5.3 and 9.0 m/s. In the insulated duct system, deposition of particles with nominal diameters of 1, 3, 5, 8 and 13 [mu]m was measured at nominal air speeds of 2.2, 5.3 and 8.8 m/s. Fluorescent techniques were used to directly measure the deposition velocities of monodisperse fluorescent particles to duct surfaces. Deposition at S-connectors, in bends and in straight ducts with developing turbulence was often greater than deposition in straight ducts with fully developed turbulence for equal particle sizes, air speeds and duct surface orientations. Deposition rates at all locations were found to increase with an increase in particle size or air speed. High deposition rates at S-connectors resulted from impaction and these rates were nearly independent of the orientation of the S-connector. Deposition rates in the two 90{sup o} bends differed by more than an order of magnitude in some cases, probably because of the difference in turbulence conditions at the bend inlets. In straight steel ducts where the turbulent flow profile was developing, the deposition enhancement relative to fully developed turbulence generally increased with air speed and decreased with downstream distance from the duct inlet. This enhancement was greater at the duct ceiling and wall than at the duct floor. In insulated ducts, deposition enhancement was less pronounced overall than in steel ducts. Trends that were observed in steel ducts were present, but weaker, in insulated ducts.
Book Synopsis Manual of Environmental Microbiology by : Cindy H. Nakatsu
Download or read book Manual of Environmental Microbiology written by Cindy H. Nakatsu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-05-02 with total page 2251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The single most comprehensive resource for environmental microbiology Environmental microbiology, the study of the roles that microbes play in all planetary environments, is one of the most important areas of scientific research. The Manual of Environmental Microbiology, Fourth Edition, provides comprehensive coverage of this critical and growing field. Thoroughly updated and revised, the Manual is the definitive reference for information on microbes in air, water, and soil and their impact on human health and welfare. Written in accessible, clear prose, the manual covers four broad areas: general methodologies, environmental public health microbiology, microbial ecology, and biodegradation and biotransformation. This wealth of information is divided into 18 sections each containing chapters written by acknowledged topical experts from the international community. Specifically, this new edition of the Manual Contains completely new sections covering microbial risk assessment, quality control, and microbial source tracking Incorporates a summary of the latest methodologies used to study microorganisms in various environments Synthesizes the latest information on the assessment of microbial presence and microbial activity in natural and artificial environments The Manual of Environmental Microbiology is an essential reference for environmental microbiologists, microbial ecologists, and environmental engineers, as well as those interested in human diseases, water and wastewater treatment, and biotechnology.
Book Synopsis Aerosol Science for Industrial Hygienists by : J.H. Vincent
Download or read book Aerosol Science for Industrial Hygienists written by J.H. Vincent and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-10-10 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosols in workplace atmospheres have been - and continue to be - a major focus of industrial hygiene. Although there are many existing texts on aerosol science and on occupational health respectively, this new book sets out to be complementary to these and to provide a link between the two fields. In particular, the central concept of worker exposure leads to a structured approach which draws together wide-ranging aspects of aerosol science within the occupational health framework. Introductory chapters are concerned with the nature and properties of aerosols, and how they are generated in the occupational environment. The book then goes on to provide a description of the fundamental mechanical properties of aerosols, in particular those mechanical properties associated with the motion of airborne particles (which govern particle transport, inhalation, deposition, sampling and control). There follows a description of the optical properties of workplace aerosols since these are important in the visual appearance of aerosols and in many aspects of measurement. The central core of the book deals with the processes which govern the nature of exposure to and the subsequent fate and effects of airborne particles, leading to a rational framework for standards, measurement and control. Finally, a chapter is added which relates what has been said about aerosols to gaseous and vapour contaminants. The book is aimed at graduate students and practitioners in industrial hygiene and other occupational (and environmental) health disciplines.
Book Synopsis Innovative Solutions in Fluid-Particle Systems and Renewable Energy Management by : Tannous, Katia
Download or read book Innovative Solutions in Fluid-Particle Systems and Renewable Energy Management written by Tannous, Katia and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2015-07-01 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The threat of natural resource depletion due to high energy demands has become a key concern in both the developed and developing worlds. To alleviate these concerns, researchers around the world are exploring sustainable methods for generating energy. Innovative Solutions in Fluid-Particle Systems and Renewable Energy Management presents phenomenological, experimental, and theoretical research, as well as market criteria and business models concerning the development of small- and large-scale chemical and energy plants. Associating academic and industrial experiences, this book highlights current topics in sustainable energy management and development with an emphasis on obtaining liquid, gaseous, and solid fuels using residues and energetic biomasses. Academicians, researchers, and technology developers will find this book useful in furthering their own knowledge and research in this field. A pivotal publication in the field of engineering, this title covers a range of topics including, among others, cellulosic feedstock, agricultural biomass, fluid dynamics, gasification processes, energy extraction from raw materials, and environmental sustainability.
Book Synopsis Development of Air Particulate Monitoring Systems by : F. S. Goulding
Download or read book Development of Air Particulate Monitoring Systems written by F. S. Goulding and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning - Vol 2 by : Rajiv Kohli
Download or read book Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning - Vol 2 written by Rajiv Kohli and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2009-10-02 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rajiv Kohli and Kash Mittal have brought together the work of experts from different industry sectors and backgrounds to provide a state-of-the-art survey and best practice guidance for scientists and engineers engaged in surface cleaning or handling the consequences of surface contamination. Topics covered include: - A systems analysis approach to contamination control - Physical factors that influence the behavior of particle deposition in enclosures - An overview of current yield models and description of advanced models - Types of strippable coatings, their properties and applications of these coatings for removal of surface contaminants - In-depth coverage of ultrasonic cleaning - Contamination and cleaning issues at the nanoscale - Experimental results illustrating the impact of model parameters on the removal of particle contamination The expert contributions in this book provide a valuable source of information on the current status and recent developments in surface contamination and cleaning. The book will be of value to industry, government and academic personnel involved in research and development, manufacturing, process and quality control, and procurement specifications across sectors including microelectronics, aerospace, optics, xerography and joining (adhesive bonding). ABOUT THE EDITORS Rajiv Kohli is a leading expert with The Aerospace Corporation in contaminant particle behavior, surface cleaning, and contamination control. At the NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, he provides technical support for contamination control related to ground-based and manned spaceflight hardware for the Space Shuttle, the International Space Station, and the new Constellation Program that is designed to meet the United States Vision for Space Exploration. Kashmiri Lal "Kash" Mittal was associated with IBM from 1972 to 1994. Currently, he is teaching and consulting in the areas of surface contamination and cleaning, and in adhesion science and technology. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology and is the editor of 98 published books, many of them dealing with surface contamination and cleaning. Also available Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning, Volume 1: Fundamentals and Applied Aspects (edited by Rajiv Kohli & K.L. Mittal). ISBN: 9780815515555. · Provides guidance on best-practice cleaning techniques and the avoidance of surface contamination · Covers contamination and cleaning issues at the nanoscale · Includes an in-depth look at ultrasonic cleaning
Book Synopsis Particle Deposition from Turbulent Flow by :
Download or read book Particle Deposition from Turbulent Flow written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews published experimental and theoretical investigations of particle deposition from turbulent flows and considers the applicability of this body of work to the specific case of particle deposition from flows in the ducts of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Particle deposition can detrimentally affect the performance of HVAC systems and it influences the exposure of building occupants to a variety of air pollutants. The first section of this report describes the types of HVAC systems under consideration and discusses the components, materials and operating parameters commonly found in these systems. The second section reviews published experimental investigations of particle deposition rates from turbulent flows and considers the ramifications of the experimental evidence with respect to HVAC ducts. The third section considers the structure of turbulent airflows in ventilation ducts with a particular emphasis on turbulence investigations that have been used as a basis for particle deposition models. The final section reviews published literature on predicting particle deposition rates from turbulent flows.
Book Synopsis Indoor Environment by : Lidia Morawska
Download or read book Indoor Environment written by Lidia Morawska and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the fundamentals of air-borne particles and settled dust in the indoor environment, this handy reference investigates: * relevant definitions and terminology, * characteristics, * sources, * sampling techniques and instrumentation, * exposure assessment, * monitoring methods. The result is a useful and comprehensive overview for chemists, physicists and biologists, postgraduate students, medical practitioners, occupational health professionals, building owners and managers, building, construction and air-conditioning engineers, architects, environmental lawyers, government and regulatory professionals.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Book Synopsis Ventilation Systems by : Hazim B. Awbi
Download or read book Ventilation Systems written by Hazim B. Awbi and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2007-10-18 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference guide to ventilation systems provides up-to-date knowledge based on the experience of internationally-recognized experts to deal with current and future ventilation requirements in buildings. Presenting the most recent developments in ventilation research and its applications, this book covers the fundamentals as well as more advanced topics. With rigorous coverage for researchers and a practical edge for building professionals, Ventilation Systems is the one stop guide for the subject.
Book Synopsis Guide to the Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems, and Quality Assurance by :
Download or read book Guide to the Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems, and Quality Assurance written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Water Quality Engineering by : Mark M. Benjamin
Download or read book Water Quality Engineering written by Mark M. Benjamin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-13 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains the fundamental theory and mathematics of water and wastewater treatment processes By carefully explaining both the underlying theory and the underlying mathematics, this text enables readers to fully grasp the fundamentals of physical and chemical treatment processes for water and wastewater. Throughout the book, the authors use detailed examples to illustrate real-world challenges and their solutions, including step-by-step mathematical calculations. Each chapter ends with a set of problems that enable readers to put their knowledge into practice by developing and analyzing complex processes for the removal of soluble and particulate materials in order to ensure the safety of our water supplies. Designed to give readers a deep understanding of how water treatment processes actually work, Water Quality Engineering explores: Application of mass balances in continuous flow systems, enabling readers to understand and predict changes in water quality Processes for removing soluble contaminants from water, including treatment of municipal and industrial wastes Processes for removing particulate materials from water Membrane processes to remove both soluble and particulate materials Following the discussion of mass balances in continuous flow systems in the first part of the book, the authors explain and analyze water treatment processes in subsequent chapters by setting forth the relevant mass balance for the process, reactor geometry, and flow pattern under consideration. With its many examples and problem sets, Water Quality Engineering is recommended as a textbook for graduate courses in physical and chemical treatment processes for water and wastewater. By drawing together the most recent research findings and industry practices, this text is also recommended for professional environmental engineers in search of a contemporary perspective on water and wastewater treatment processes.
Book Synopsis Experiments Measuring Particle Deposition from Fully Developed Turbulent Flow in Ventilation Ducts by :
Download or read book Experiments Measuring Particle Deposition from Fully Developed Turbulent Flow in Ventilation Ducts written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle deposition in ventilation ducts influences particle exposures of building occupants and may lead to a variety of indoor air quality concerns. Experiments have been performed in a laboratory to study the effects of particle size and air speed on deposition rates of particles from turbulent air flows in galvanized steel and internally insulated ducts with hydraulic diameters of 15.2 cm. The duct systems were constructed of materials typically found in commercial heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. In the steel duct system, experiments with nominal particle sizes of 1, 3, 5, 9 and 16 [mu]m were conducted at each of three nominal air speeds: 2.2, 5.3 and 9.0 m/s. In the insulated duct system, deposition rates of particles with nominal sizes of 1, 3, 5, 8 and 13 [mu]m were measured at nominal air speeds of 2.2, 5.3 and 8.8 m/s. Fluorescent techniques were used to directly measure the deposition velocities of monodisperse fluorescent particles to duct surfaces (floor, wall and ceiling) at two straight duct sections where the turbulent flow profile was fully developed. In steel ducts, deposition rates were higher to the duct floor than to the wall, which were, in turn, greater than to the ceiling. In insulated ducts, deposition was nearly the same to the duct floor, wall and ceiling for a given particle size and air speed. Deposition to duct walls and ceilings was greatly enhanced in insulated ducts compared to steel ducts. Deposition velocities to each of the three duct surface orientations in both systems were found to increase with increasing particle size or air velocity over the ranges studied. Deposition rates measured in the current experiments were in general agreement with the limited observations of similar systems by previous researchers.
Book Synopsis Filters, Sorbents, and Air Cleaning Systems as Engineered Safeguards in Nuclear Installations by : G. W. Keilholtz
Download or read book Filters, Sorbents, and Air Cleaning Systems as Engineered Safeguards in Nuclear Installations written by G. W. Keilholtz and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fusion Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
