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Modeling Of Contact Between Liner Finish And Piston Ring In Internal Combustion Engines Based On 3d Measured Surface
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Book Synopsis Modeling of Contact Between Liner Finish and Piston Ring in Internal Combustion Engines Based on 3D Measured Surface by : Qing Zhao (S.M.)
Download or read book Modeling of Contact Between Liner Finish and Piston Ring in Internal Combustion Engines Based on 3D Measured Surface written by Qing Zhao (S.M.) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When decreasing of fossil fuel supplies and air pollution are two major society problems in the 21st century, rapid growth of internal combustion (IC) engines serves as a main producer of these two problems. In order to increase fuel efficiency, mechanical loss should be controlled in internal combustion engines. Interaction between piston ring pack and cylinder liner finish accounts for nearly 20 percent of the mechanical losses within an internal combustion engine, and is an important factor that affects the lubricant oil consumption. Among the total friction between piston ring pack and cylinder liner, boundary friction occurs when piston is at low speed and there is direct contact between rings and liners. This work focuses on prediction of contact between piston ring and liner finish based on 3D measured surface and different methods are compared. In previous twin-land oil control ring (TLOCR) deterministic model, Greenwood-Tripp correlation function was used to determine contact. The practical challenge for this single equation is that real plateau roughness makes it unreliable. As a result, micro geometry of liner surface needs to be obtained through white light interferometry device or confocal equipment to conduct contact model. Based on real geometry of liner finish and the assumption that ring surface is ideally smooth, contact can be predicted by three different models which were developed by using statistical Greenwood-Williamson model, Hertzian contact and revised deterministic dry contact model by Professor A.A. Lubrecht. The predicted contact between liner finish and piston ring is then combined with hydrodynamic pressure caused by lubricant which was examined using TLOCR deterministic model by Chen. et al to get total friction resulted on the surface of liner finish. Finally, contact model is used to examine friction of different liners in an actual engine running cycle.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Lubrication of the Piston Ring Pack in Internal Combustion Engines Using the Deterministic Method by : Haijie Chen
Download or read book Modeling the Lubrication of the Piston Ring Pack in Internal Combustion Engines Using the Deterministic Method written by Haijie Chen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Piston ring packs are used in internal combustion engines to seal both the high pressure gas in the combustion chamber and the lubricant oil in the crank case. The interaction between the piston ring pack and the cylinder bore contributes substantially to the total friction power loss for IC engines. The aim of this thesis work is to advance the understanding of the ring liner lubrication through numerical modeling. A twin-land oil control ring lubrication model and a top two-ring lubrication model are developed based on a deterministic approach. The models take into consideration the effect of both the liner finish micro geometry and the ring face macro profile. The liner finish effect is evaluated on a 3D deterministically measured liner finish patch, with fully-flooded oil supply condition to the oil control rings and starved oil supply condition to the top two rings. Correlations based on deterministic calculations and proper scaling are developed to connect the average hydrodynamic pressure and friction to the critical geometrical parameters and operating parameters so that cycle evaluation of the ring lubrication can be performed in an efficient manner. The models can be used for ring pack friction prediction, and ring pack/liner design optimization based on the trade-off of friction power loss and oil consumption. To provide further insights to the effect of liner finish, a wear model is then developed to simulate the liner surface geometry evolution during the break-in/wear process. The model is based on the idea of simulated repetitive grinding on the plateau part of the liner finish using a random grinder. The model successfully captures the statistic topological features of the worn liner roughness. Combining the piston ring pack model and the liner finish wear model, one can potentially predict the long term ring pack friction loss. Finally the thesis covers the experimental validation of the twin-land oil control ring model using floating liner engine friction measurements. The modeled ring friction is compared with the experimental measurement under different ring designs and liner finishes. The result shows that the model in general successfully predicts the friction force of the twin-land oil control ring/liner pair.
Book Synopsis Modeling of Two-body Fatigue Wear of Cylinder Liner in Internal Combustion Engines During the Break-in Period and Its Impact on Engine Lubrication by : Chongjie Gu
Download or read book Modeling of Two-body Fatigue Wear of Cylinder Liner in Internal Combustion Engines During the Break-in Period and Its Impact on Engine Lubrication written by Chongjie Gu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal combustion engines are widely utilized in modem automobiles. Around 10% of the total fuel energy is dissipated to heat due to mechanical friction, among which 20% is caused by the contact between the cylinder liner and the piston rings. The wear of cylinder liner not only leads to surface damage, but also results in the change of liner lubrication conditions. Therefore, a large number of tests are performed by researchers to investigate the liner wear process and its impact on engine lubrication. This work is the first step toward developing a wear model to predict the evolution of liner roughness and ring pack lubrication during break-in period. A physics-based liner wear model is built in this work, with focus on two mechanisms: surface plastic flattening and fatigue wear. Both mechanisms are simulated through a set of governing equations and are coupled together to complete the algorithm of the liner wear model. Simulations of break-in wear are performed to different liner surfaces finishes, with different external normal pressures. Simulation results indicate that the liner wear rate depends on the size and shape of liner surface asperities, which may provide guidance for surface manufacturing. The results also show consistence with the Archard's wear law, describing the proportional correlation between normal pressure and steady state wear rate. This wear model is then used to study the influence of liner wear on engine lubrication. Through the friction for entire engine cycles, simulated results are compared with experimental friction measurements. The comparison shows that the calculated friction evolution during break-in has the same trend and comparable magnitude as the measurements, indicating the efficiency of the wear model. Some initial work of modeling of third-body abrasive wear is also discussed in this thesis.
Book Synopsis Numerically Generating Topology of the Liner Finish in Internal Combustion Engines by :
Download or read book Numerically Generating Topology of the Liner Finish in Internal Combustion Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal combustion (IC) engines are broadly utilized today. The friction caused by piston rings in IC engines contributes around 20% of the mechanical friction losses. The liner finish is the most critical parameter to define the tension and other design parameters of the piston rings for proper sealing. This work is focused on developing numerical approaches to generating liner finishes based on certain values of topology parameters. The generated surface is able to simulate the lubrication and dry contact behaviors of the original surface, so that the method is used to study the effects of various topology parameters on friction losses. First, methods to analyze, generate, test, and compare honed liner surfaces have been developed. The algorithm to analyze the topology parameters of honed surfaces is described. The honed surfaces are numerically generated and compared with the experimental data. Moreover, the topological variables are changed and the corresponding friction behaviors are studied. The relations between topology variables and friction losses are illustrated. We also developed a quantitative relation between two ISO standards describing the honed liner finish, so that the manufacturing industry can use the surface generation method in convenience. Second, attempts were made to simulate the break-in processes for honed liner finish. Measured and numerically generated surfaces are simulated and compared. The friction and pressure behaviors for lightly and heavily worn surfaces are compared with experimental data. Moreover, by tuning the worn parameters, the friction effective mean pressure (FMEP) curve can match the experimental data. Finally, the algorithm to numerically generate thermally sprayed liner finish is described. The hydrodynamic and dry contact friction behaviors for generated surfaces are compared with experimental data. Critical topology parameters are tuned and their effects on friction losses are studied. Moreover, the effects of the pores created by the plasma spraying processes on the lubrication behaviors are simulated.
Book Synopsis Modeling of Liner Finish Effects on Oil Control Ring Lubrication in Internal Combustion Engines Based on Deterministic Method by : Haijie Chen
Download or read book Modeling of Liner Finish Effects on Oil Control Ring Lubrication in Internal Combustion Engines Based on Deterministic Method written by Haijie Chen and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (cont.) These key parameters include the surface wavelength of the plateau part, the frequency of deep valleys and the honing cross-hatch angle. This thesis work has opened a window on the deterministic study of the functionality of cylinder liner surface texture.
Book Synopsis Developing an Approach Utilizing Local Deterministic Analysis to Predict the Cycle Friction of the Piston Ring-pack in Internal Combustion Engines by : Yang Liu (S.M.)
Download or read book Developing an Approach Utilizing Local Deterministic Analysis to Predict the Cycle Friction of the Piston Ring-pack in Internal Combustion Engines written by Yang Liu (S.M.) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays, a rapid growth of internal combustion (IC) engines is considered to be a major contributor to energy crisis. About 20% of the mechanical loss in internal combustion engines directly goes to the friction loss between piston ring pack and liner finish. A twin-land oil control ring (TLOCR) deterministic model was developed by Chen et al. and it helps the automotive companies investigate the effects of liner finish, rings, and lubricants on friction and oil control of the TLOCR [2]. This work focuses on application of the TLOCR model and extension of the deterministic model to the top two rings. First, there are some practical challenges in the application of Chen's TLOCR deterministic model. Due to different wear condition on the same liner, surface roughness varies from spot to spot. A small patch of measurement cannot provide enough information and the change of plateau roughness makes the contact model unreliable. As a result, a multi-point correlation method was proposed to combine the information of different spots from the same liner and this method was shown to give better match to the experimental results. A top-two-ring lubrication cycle model was developed based on the multiphase deterministic model by Li. et al [30] and previous top-two-ring lubrication model by Chen. Et al [2][31]. The model is composed with two parts. First, the deterministic model is used to generate a correlation between the hydrodynamic pressure/friction and the minimum clearance with prescribed oil supply from the deterministic oil control ring model. It was found that within reasonable accuracy, the gas pressure effect on the hydrodynamic lubrication of the top two rings can be decoupled from the hydrodynamic lubrication. Thus, only single-phase deterministic model was needed to generate the correlation. This decoupling significantly reduces the computation time. Then, a cycle model was developed utilizing the correlation of hydrodynamic pressure/friction and the minimum clearance. The cycle model considers the effect of gas pressure variations in different ring pack regions as well as the dynamic twist of the top two rings. Finally, the models were used to examine the friction and lubrication of three different liner finishes in an actual engine running cycle.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Honing on the Wear of Ceramic Coated Piston Rings and Cylinder Liners by : Kevin C. Radil
Download or read book The Influence of Honing on the Wear of Ceramic Coated Piston Rings and Cylinder Liners written by Kevin C. Radil and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reciprocating wear tests were performed to investigate the effects of honing on the wear of ceramic coated piston rings and cylinder liners. The baseline or control cases consisted of testing ceramic coated rings against ceramic coated liner specimens whose surfaces were ground and lapped smooth. A second series of tests were performed with liner specimens with base and plateau honed surfaces. Test conditions were chosen to simulate the temperatures, pressures, and boundary lubricated conditions present at top ring reversal in a conventional diesel engine. Wear factor comparisons between the baseline cases and the tests with the honed liner specimens indicate that honing alone is not sufficient to ensure an improvement in ring and liner wear.
Book Synopsis Curved Beam Based Model for Piston-ring Designs in Internal Combustion Engines by : Mohamed Aziz Bhouri
Download or read book Curved Beam Based Model for Piston-ring Designs in Internal Combustion Engines written by Mohamed Aziz Bhouri and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterizing the piston ring behavior is inherently associated with the oil consumption, friction, wear and blow-by in internal combustion engines. This behavior varies along the ring's circumference and determining these variations is of utmost importance for developing ring-packs achieving desired performances in terms of sealing and conformability. This study based on straight beam model was already developed but does not consider the lubrication sub-models, the tip gap effects and the characterization of the ring free shape based on any final closed shape. In this work, three numerical curved beam based models were developed to study the performance of the piston ring-pack. The conformability model was developed to characterize the behavior of the ring within the engine. In this model, the curved beam model is adopted with considering ring-bore and ring-groove interactions. This interactions include asperity and lubrication forces. Besides, gas forces are included to the model along with the inertia and initial ring tangential load. In this model we also allow for bore, groove upper and lower flanks thermal distortion. We also take into account the thermal expansion effect of the ring and the temperature gradient from inner diameter (ID) to outer diameter (OD) effects. The piston secondary motion and the variation of oil viscosity on the liner with its temperature in addition to the existence of fuel and the different hydrodynamic cases (Partially and fully flooded cases) are considered as well. This model revealed the ring position relative to the groove depending on the friction, inertia and gas pressures. It also characterizes the effect of non-uniform oil distribution on the liner and groove flanks. Finally, the ring gap position within a distorted bore also reveals the sealing performance of the ring. Using the curved beam model we also developed a module determining the twist calculation under fix ID or OD constraint. The static twist is an experimental characterization of the ring during which the user taps on the ring till there is a minimum clearance between the ring lowest point and the lower plate all over the ring's circumference but without any force contact. Our last model includes four sub-models that relate the ring free shape, its final shape when subjected to a constant radial pressure (this final shape is called ovality) and the force distribution in circular bore. Knowing one of these distribution, this model determines the other two. This tool is useful in the sense that the characterization of the ring is carried out by measuring its ovality which is more accurate than measuring its free shape or force distribution in circular bore. Thus, having a model that takes the ovality as an input is more convenient and useful based on the experiments carried out to characterize the ring.
Book Synopsis Three Dimensional Analysis of the Gas Flow in Piston Ring Pack by : Ali Kharazmi
Download or read book Three Dimensional Analysis of the Gas Flow in Piston Ring Pack written by Ali Kharazmi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling the Performance of the Piston Ring-pack with Consideration of Non-axisymmetric Characteristics of the Power Cylinder System in Internal Combustion Engines by : Liang Liu
Download or read book Modeling the Performance of the Piston Ring-pack with Consideration of Non-axisymmetric Characteristics of the Power Cylinder System in Internal Combustion Engines written by Liang Liu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) This model predicts the inter-ring gas pressure and 3-D displacements of the three rings at various circumferential locations. Model results show significant variations of the dynamic behavior along ring circumference. In the ring-pack lubrication model, an improved flow continuity algorithm is implemented in the ring/liner hydrodynamic lubrication, and proves to be very practicable. By coupling the ring/liner lubrication with the in-plane structural response of the ring, the lubrication along the entire ring circumference can be calculated. Model results show significant variations of lubrication along the circumference due to the non-axisymmetric characteristics of the power cylinder system. Bore distortion was found to have profound effects on oil transport along the liner. Particularly, it stimulates the occurrence of oil up-scraping by the top ring during compression stroke. Because the oil evaporation on the liner affects the liner oil film thickness, a sub-model for liner evaporation with consideration of multi-species oil is incorporated with the lubrication model. With consideration of oil transport along the liner, the prediction of evaporation is more precise. The combination of these models is a complete package for piston ring-pack analysis. It is computationally robust and efficient, and thus has appreciable practical value.
Book Synopsis Lubricated Piston Ring Cylinder Liner Contact by : Hafedh Bouassida
Download or read book Lubricated Piston Ring Cylinder Liner Contact written by Hafedh Bouassida and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The liner microgeometry influences the friction losses and the oil consumption in IC engines. The cross-hatched texturing, created by the honing process, plays an essential part in the load carrying capacity - film thickness relation. This work studies the influence of the crosshatched groove parameters on the piston ring load carrying capacity. First, a simplified model of the hydrodynamic contact has been created. Thus a Multigrid based code was developed. Calculations with different sets of microgeometric parameters have been performed. These calculations quantify the load carrying capacity for both parabolic and flat rings. The results show that the load carrying capacity is generated differently in both cases. For the parabolic case, the pressure is build up by the wedge in the inlet zone and the grooves decrease the global load carrying capacity. In the flat case the grooves generate the total load carrying capacity. Finally, two prediction models were deduced for the parabolic ring and for the flat ring. These predictions were validated by measured surface calculations.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Structural Behavior of the Piston Rings Under Different Boundary Conditions in Internal Combustion Engines by : Dian Xu
Download or read book Modeling the Structural Behavior of the Piston Rings Under Different Boundary Conditions in Internal Combustion Engines written by Dian Xu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the process of designing internal combustion engine, piston ring plays an important role in fulfilling the requirements of camber gas sealing, friction reduction and lubrication oil consumption. The goal of this thesis is to have a better understanding of the ring behaviors under different working conditions in a structural level. This thesis is an extension of existing ring design tool. A model is built up to simulate the processes of changing ring states from one to another such as free or fit the ring. It revealed the sensitive characters of the piston ring tip; it expanded the field of application of the existing piston ring design tool; it also investigated the ring bore interaction in more conditions. This work removed the symmetric assumption in the existing tool. A new method that calculates ring free shape and ring bore contact force from ring ovality data is introduced for the first time. The analysis of ring bore interaction is widened. The model was applied to an industry ring design case. In this case it shows the free and fit procedure in this model is physically and mathematically reversible. It shows these procedures are direction independent. The contact force distribution changes when the ring is moving within the distorted bore. It also changes when the wetting or roughness situation is different. This model can calculate the ring free shape from asymmetric measured ovality data. It can also retrieve the desired contact force from it. The piston ring design tool is updated and implemented with these highly appreciable new features. This complete package has high efficiency and a wider practical field.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Effects of Liner Pores on Piston Ring Lubrication in Internal Combustion Engines by : Jérôme Sacherer
Download or read book Modeling the Effects of Liner Pores on Piston Ring Lubrication in Internal Combustion Engines written by Jérôme Sacherer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automotive manufacturers are increasingly replacing traditional cast iron liners in the internal combustion engines of commercial vehicles with spray-coated liners. While not the original intention, these new, porous liners are suspected to reduce hydrodynamic friction. The interaction of pores with piston ring and liner lubrication is studied in this work. Preliminary computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed on a single, idealized pore geometry, including surface tension but no cavitation due to computational cost limitations. Potential mechanisms for displacement of oil out of the pore are investigated, as this would improve subsequent ring lubrication. Pressure-driven flow is found to dominate this process, though surface tension also has an impact: it can trap air bubbles in the pore and level out accumulated oil back into the evacuated pore. A deterministic model exists to predict hydrodynamic pressure and friction for rough and honed liner surfaces. This model, however, assumes fully flooded boundary conditions. A modification to the governing equation for the regions beyond the full film boundaries is developed by introducing a diffusive velocity profile. The diffusion provides a transition between an oil film on the liner experiencing uniform flow to full film Couette flow. This change enables the large pore geometry to be accommodated by the model without unrealistic premature film attachment all the while maintaining the continuous transition between full film and cavitation. Results from the model indicate that the pore can act as an oil supply, extending the wetting region beneath the ring and consequently allowing for greater pressure generation and larger, desirable load carrying capacity. Cavitation also plays a critical role in the pore interaction; early cavitation in the pore can split the full film region, significantly compromising the load carrying capacity. Cavitation is also found to potentially make use of the pore's oil supply to redistribute oil onto the liner. In general, the pore causes a substantial drop in lift force, increasing the coefficient of friction as a result, though in some cases an extended wetting region can counter this effect.
Book Synopsis A Multi-scale Model for Piston Ring Dynamics, Lubrication and Oil Transport in Internal Combustion Engines by : Camille Baelden
Download or read book A Multi-scale Model for Piston Ring Dynamics, Lubrication and Oil Transport in Internal Combustion Engines written by Camille Baelden and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel consumption reduction of more than 20% can be achieved through engine friction reduction. Piston and piston rings contribute approximately half of the total engine friction and are therefore central to friction reduction efforts. The most common method to reduce mechanical losses from piston rings has been to lower ring tension, the normal force providing sealing between the piston ring and the cylinder liner. However tension reduction can result in additional lubricant consumption. The objective of this thesis is to understand and model the physical mechanisms resulting in flow of oil to the combustion chamber in order to achieve optimal designs of piston rings. The optimal design is a compromise between friction reduction and adequate gas and lubricant sealing performance. To do so a multi-scale curved beam finite element model of piston ring is developed. It is built to couple ring deformation, dynamics and contact with the piston and the cylinder. Oil flow at the interfaces between the ring and the cylinder liner and between the ring and the piston groove can thus be simulated. The piston ring model is used to study the sealing performance of the Oil Control Ring (OCR), whose function is to limit the amount of oil supplied to the ring pack. The contributions of the three main mechanisms previously identified, to oil flow past the OCR are quantified: - Deformation of the cylinder under operating conditions can lead to a loss of contact between the ring and the liner. - Tilting of the piston around its pin can force the OCR to twist and scrape oil from the liner. - Oil accumulating below the OCR can flow to the groove and leak on the top of the OCR The OCR is found to be flexible enough to limit the impact of cylinder deformation on oil consumption. Both ring scraping and flow through the OCR groove can contribute to oil consumption in the range of engine running conditions simulated. Reduction of scraping is possible by increasing the ability of both OCR lands to maintain contact with the liner regardless of piston groove tilt. The flow of oil through the OCR groove can be reduced by designing appropriate draining of oil in the groove and an adequate oil reservoir below the OCR. The piston ring oil transport model developed in this thesis will be a valuable tool to optimize ring pack designs to achieve further ring pack friction reduction without increasing oil consumption.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Performance of the Piston Ring-pack in Internal Combustion Engines by :
Download or read book Modeling the Performance of the Piston Ring-pack in Internal Combustion Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By Tian Tian.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Performance of the Piston Ring-pack in Internal Combustion Engines by : Tian Tian
Download or read book Modeling the Performance of the Piston Ring-pack in Internal Combustion Engines written by Tian Tian and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Computations and Modeling of Oil Transport Between Piston Lands and Liner in Internal Combustion Engines by : Tianshi Fang
Download or read book Computations and Modeling of Oil Transport Between Piston Lands and Liner in Internal Combustion Engines written by Tianshi Fang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The consumption of lubricating oil in internal combustion engines is a continuous interest for engine developers and remains to be one of the least understood areas. A better understanding on oil transport is critical to an optimization of engine designs, and advanced analytical tools are essential to the achievement of reduced frictions without compromising oil consumption. Oil transport from piston lands to a liner, hereafter called "bridging", has been observed in engine tests. The additional oil transferred to the liner becomes a potential source of oil consumption through ring-liner interaction. Thus, it is important to develop more quantitative models to better analyze bridging. The objective of this work is to obtain a more in-depth understanding on the oil transport between piston lands and liner and provide quantitative models of the oil transport mechanisms. Multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed together with analyses of experimental observations. Three categories of bridging were identified: assisted bridging, self-sustained bridging, and reverse bridging. While assisted bridging involves an axial oil flow across an entire piston land, the other two phenomena are localized and become prominent at low engine speeds. The mechanisms of each phenomenon were analyzed in this work. Correlations and theoretical models were developed to associate the risk of bridging with geometrical designs of a piston and operating conditions of an engine. Particularly, the theoretical model of self-sustained bridging contributes to the optimization of geometrical designs of the third land of a piston ring pack. This work constitutes a major step towards a further quantification of oil transport. Some findings and models presented in this work can readily contribute to providing optimal solutions to certain piston regions. Furthermore, the results of this work serve broader purposes in providing boundary conditions to other interactions in a piston ring pack.
