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Modeling Digital Switching Circuits With Linear Algebra
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Book Synopsis Modeling Digital Switching Circuits with Linear Algebra by : Mitchell A. Thornton
Download or read book Modeling Digital Switching Circuits with Linear Algebra written by Mitchell A. Thornton and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling Digital Switching Circuits with Linear Algebra describes an approach for modeling digital information and circuitry that is an alternative to Boolean algebra. While the Boolean algebraic model has been wildly successful and is responsible for many advances in modern information technology, the approach described in this book offers new insight and different ways of solving problems. Modeling the bit as a vector instead of a scalar value in the set {0, 1} allows digital circuits to be characterized with transfer functions in the form of a linear transformation matrix. The use of transfer functions is ubiquitous in many areas of engineering and their rich background in linear systems theory and signal processing is easily applied to digital switching circuits with this model. The common tasks of circuit simulation and justification are specific examples of the application of the linear algebraic model and are described in detail. The advantages offered by the new model as compared to traditional methods are emphasized throughout the book. Furthermore, the new approach is easily generalized to other types of information processing circuits such as those based upon multiple-valued or quantum logic; thus providing a unifying mathematical framework common to each of these areas. Modeling Digital Switching Circuits with Linear Algebra provides a blend of theoretical concepts and practical issues involved in implementing the method for circuit design tasks. Data structures are described and are shown to not require any more resources for representing the underlying matrices and vectors than those currently used in modern electronic design automation (EDA) tools based on the Boolean model. Algorithms are described that perform simulation, justification, and other common EDA tasks in an efficient manner that are competitive with conventional design tools. The linear algebraic model can be used to implement common EDA tasks directly upon a structural netlist thus avoiding the intermediate step of transforming a circuit description into a representation of a set of switching functions as is commonly the case when conventional Boolean techniques are used. Implementation results are provided that empirically demonstrate the practicality of the linear algebraic model.
Book Synopsis Advances in the Boolean Domain by : Bernd Steinbach
Download or read book Advances in the Boolean Domain written by Bernd Steinbach and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2022-09-26 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers together the results of research on the Boolean domain related to important real-life applications that will support the reader in solving their scientific and practical tasks. It highlights that ongoing digitalization leads to increasing amounts of complex applications, the digits of which are usually encoded by Boolean variables due to their simplicity as only two values are used. However, as shown here, an exponentially growing number of vectors of Boolean variables can negate this simplicity, which leads to challenges in advancing progress in the Boolean domain and supporting a wide range of applications.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Electronics by : Thomas F. Schubert
Download or read book Fundamentals of Electronics written by Thomas F. Schubert and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, Electronic Devices and Circuit Application, is the first of four books of a larger work, Fundamentals of Electronics. It is comprised of four chapters describing the basic operation of each of the four fundamental building blocks of modern electronics: operational amplifiers, semiconductor diodes, bipolar junction transistors, and field effect transistors. Attention is focused on the reader obtaining a clear understanding of each of the devices when it is operated in equilibrium. Ideas fundamental to the study of electronic circuits are also developed in the book at a basic level to lessen the possibility of misunderstandings at a higher level. The difference between linear and non-linear operation is explored through the use of a variety of circuit examples including amplifiers constructed with operational amplifiers as the fundamental component and elementary digital logic gates constructed with various transistor types. Fundamentals of Electronics has been designed primarily for use in an upper division course in electronics for electrical engineering students. Typically such a course spans a full academic years consisting of two semesters or three quarters. As such, Electronic Devices and Circuit Applications, and the following two books, Amplifiers: Analysis and Design and Active Filters and Amplifier Frequency Response, form an appropriate body of material for such a course. Secondary applications include the use in a one-semester electronics course for engineers or as a reference for practicing engineers.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Electronics Book 2: (Amplifiers: Analysis and Design) by : Thomas Schubert
Download or read book Fundamentals of Electronics Book 2: (Amplifiers: Analysis and Design) written by Thomas Schubert and published by I K International Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2017-02-11 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, Amplifiers: Analysis and Design, is the second of four books of a larger work, Fundamentals of Electronics. It is comprised of four chapters that describe the fundamentals of amplifier performance. Beginning with a review of two-port analysis, the first chapter introduces the modeling of the response of transistors to AC signals. Basic one-transistor amplifiers are extensively discussed. The next chapter expands the discussion to multiple transistor amplifiers. The coverage of simple amplifiers is concluded with a chapter that examines power amplifiers. This discussion defines the limits of small-signal analysis and explores the realm where these simplifying assumptions are no longer valid and distortion becomes present. The final chapter concludes the book with the first of two chapters in Fundamentals of Electronics on the significant topic of feedback amplifiers. Fundamentals of Electronics has been designed primarily for use in an upper division course in electronics for electrical engineering students. Typically such a course spans a full academic years consisting of two semesters or three quarters. As such, Amplifiers: Analysis and Design, and two other books, Electronic Devices and Circuit Applications, and Active Filters and Amplifier Frequency Response, form an appropriate body of material for such a course. Secondary applications include the use with Electronic Devices and Circuit Applications in a one- semester electronics course for engineers or as a reference for practicing engineers.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Quantum Circuits vs. Synthesis of Classical Reversible Circuits by : Alexis De Vos
Download or read book Synthesis of Quantum Circuits vs. Synthesis of Classical Reversible Circuits written by Alexis De Vos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At first sight, quantum computing is completely different from classical computing. Nevertheless, a link is provided by reversible computation. Whereas an arbitrary quantum circuit, acting on ?? qubits, is described by an ?? × ?? unitary matrix with ??=2??, a reversible classical circuit, acting on ?? bits, is described by a 2?? × 2?? permutation matrix. The permutation matrices are studied in group theory of finite groups (in particular the symmetric group ????); the unitary matrices are discussed in group theory of continuous groups (a.k.a. Lie groups, in particular the unitary group U(??)). Both the synthesis of a reversible logic circuit and the synthesis of a quantum logic circuit take advantage of the decomposition of a matrix: the former of a permutation matrix, the latter of a unitary matrix. In both cases the decomposition is into three matrices. In both cases the decomposition is not unique.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Electronics Book 4: (Oscillators and Advanced Electronics) by : Thomas Schubert
Download or read book Fundamentals of Electronics Book 4: (Oscillators and Advanced Electronics) written by Thomas Schubert and published by I K International Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book, Oscillators and Advanced Electronics Topics, is the final book of a larger, four-book set, Fundamentals of Electronics. It consists of five chapters that further develop practical electronic applications based on the fundamental principles developed in the first three books. This book begins by extending the principles of electronic feedback circuits to linear oscillator circuits. The second chapter explores non-linear oscillation, waveform generation, and waveshaping. The third chapter focuses on providing clean, reliable power for electronic applications where voltage regulation and transient suppression are the focus. Fundamentals of communication circuitry form the basis for the fourth chapter with voltage-controlled oscillators, mixers, and phase-lock loops being the primary focus. The final chapter expands upon early discussions of logic gate operation (introduced in Book 1) to explore gate speed and advanced gate topologies. Fundamentals of Electronics has been designed primarily for use in an upper division course in electronics for electrical engineering students and for working professionals. Typically such a course spans a full academic year consisting of two smesters or three quarters. As such, Oscillators and Advanced Electronic Topics, and the first three books in the series, Electronic Devices and Circuit Applications (ISBN 978-93-85909-21-4), Amplifiers: Analysis and Design (ISBN 978-93-85909-22-1), and Active Filters and Amplifier Frequency Response (ISBN 978-93-85909-23-8) form an appropriate body of material for such course.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Electronics by : Thomas F. Schubert Jr.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Electronics written by Thomas F. Schubert Jr. and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, Active Filters and Amplifier Frequency Response, is the third of four books of a larger work, Fundamentals of Electronics. It is comprised of three chapters that describe the frequency dependent response of electronic circuits. This book begins with an extensive tutorial on creating and using Bode Diagrams that leads to the modeling and design of active filters using operational amplifiers. The second chapter starts by focusing on bypass and coupling capacitors and, after introducing high-frequency modeling of bipolar and field-effect transistors, extensively develops the high- and low-frequency response of a variety of common electronic amplifiers. The final chapter expands the frequency-dependent discussion to feedback amplifiers, the possibility of instabilities, and remedies for good amplifier design. Fundamentals of Electronics has been designed primarily for use in an upper division course in electronics for electrical engineering students and for working professionals. Typically such a course spans a full academic year consisting of two semesters or three quarters. As such, Active Filters and Amplifier Frequency Response, and the first two books in the series, Electronic Devices and Circuit Applications, and Amplifiers: Analysis and Design, form an appropriate body of material for such a course.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Electronics Book 3: (Active Filters and Amplifier Frequency Response) by : Thomas Schubert
Download or read book Fundamentals of Electronics Book 3: (Active Filters and Amplifier Frequency Response) written by Thomas Schubert and published by I K International Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, Active Filters and Amplifier Frequency Response, is the third of four books of a larger work, Fundamentals of Electronics. It is comprised of three chapters that describe the frequency dependent response of electronic circuits. This book begins with an extensive tutorial on creating and using Bode Diagrams that leads to the modeling and design of active filters using operational amplifiers. The second chapter starts by focusing on bypass and coupling capacitors and, after introducing high-frequency modeling of bipolar and field-effect transistors, extensively develops the high- and low-frequency response of a variety of common electronic amplifiers. The final chapter expands the frequency-dependent discussion to feedback amplifiers, the possibility of instabilities, and remedies for good amplifier design.
Download or read book Bad to the Bone written by Steven Barrett and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BeagleBone Black is a low-cost, open hardware computer uniquely suited to interact with sensors and actuators directly and over the Web. Introduced in April 2013 by BeagleBoard.org, a community of developers first established in early 2008, BeagleBone Black is used frequently to build vision-enabled robots, home automation systems, artistic lighting systems, and countless other do-it-yourself and professional projects. BeagleBone variants include the original BeagleBone and the newer BeagleBone Black, both hosting a powerful 32-bit, super-scalar ARM Cortex A8 processor capable of running numerous mobile and desktop-capable operating systems, typically variants of Linux including Debian, Android, and Ubuntu. Yet, BeagleBone is small enough to fit in a small mint tin box. The "Bone" may be used in a wide variety of projects from middle school science fair projects to senior design projects to first prototypes of very complex systems. Novice users may access the power of the Bone through the user-friendly BoneScript software, experienced through a Web browser in most major operating systems, including Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X, or the Linux operating systems. Seasoned users may take full advantage of the Bone's power using the underlying Linux-based operating system, a host of feature extension boards (Capes) and a wide variety of Linux community open source libraries. This book provides an introduction to this powerful computer and has been designed for a wide variety of users including the first time novice through the seasoned embedded system design professional. The book contains background theory on system operation coupled with many well-documented, illustrative examples. Examples for novice users are centered on motivational, fun robot projects while advanced projects follow the theme of assistive technology and image-processing applications.
Book Synopsis Applications of Zero-Suppressed Decision Diagrams by : Jon T. Butler
Download or read book Applications of Zero-Suppressed Decision Diagrams written by Jon T. Butler and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A zero-suppressed decision diagram (ZDD) is a data structure to represent objects that typically contain many zeros. Applications include combinatorial problems, such as graphs, circuits, faults, and data mining. This book consists of four chapters on the applications of ZDDs. The first chapter by Alan Mishchenko introduces the ZDD. It compares ZDDs to BDDs, showing why a more compact representation is usually achieved in a ZDD. The focus is on sets of subsets and on sum-of-products (SOP) expressions. Methods to generate all the prime implicants (PIs), and to generate irredundant SOPs are shown. A list of papers on the applications of ZDDs is also presented. In the appendix, ZDD procedures in the CUDD package are described. The second chapter by Tsutomu Sasao shows methods to generate PIs and irredundant SOPs using a divide and conquer method. This chapter helps the reader to understand the methods presented in the first chapter. The third chapter by Shin-Ichi Minato introduces the ""frontier-based"" method that efficiently enumerates certain subsets of a graph. The final chapter by Shinobu Nagayama shows a method to match strings of characters. This is important in routers, for example, where one must match the address information of an internet packet to the proprer output port. It shows that ZDDs are more compact than BDDs in solving this important problem. Each chapter contains exercises, and the appendix contains their solutions. Table of Contents: Preface / Acknowledgments / Introduction to Zero-Suppressed Decision Diagrams / Efficient Generation of Prime Implicants and Irredundant Sum-of-Products Expressions / The Power of Enumeration--BDD/ZDD-Based Algorithms for Tackling Combinatorial Explosion / Regular Expression Matching Using Zero-Suppressed Decision Diagrams / Authors' and Editors' Biographies / Index
Book Synopsis Boolean Differential Calculus by : Bernd Steinbach
Download or read book Boolean Differential Calculus written by Bernd Steinbach and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Boolean Differential Calculus (BDC) is a very powerful theory that extends the basic concepts of Boolean Algebras significantly. Its applications are based on Boolean spaces and n, Boolean operations, and basic structures such as Boolean Algebras and Boolean Rings, Boolean functions, Boolean equations, Boolean inequalities, incompletely specified Boolean functions, and Boolean lattices of Boolean functions. These basics, sometimes also called switching theory, are widely used in many modern information processing applications. The BDC extends the known concepts and allows the consideration of changes of function values. Such changes can be explored for pairs of function values as well as for whole subspaces. The BDC defines a small number of derivative and differential operations. Many existing theorems are very welcome and allow new insights due to possible transformations of problems. The available operations of the BDC have been efficiently implemented in several software packages. The common use of the basic concepts and the BDC opens a very wide field of applications. The roots of the BDC go back to the practical problem of testing digital circuits. The BDC deals with changes of signals which are very important in applications of the analysis and the synthesis of digital circuits. The comprehensive evaluation and utilization of properties of Boolean functions allow, for instance, to decompose Boolean functions very efficiently; this can be applied not only in circuit design, but also in data mining. Other examples for the use of the BDC are the detection of hazards or cryptography. The knowledge of the BDC gives the scientists and engineers an extended insight into Boolean problems leading to new applications, e.g., the use of Boolean lattices of Boolean functions.
Book Synopsis Microcontroller Programming and Interfacing with Texas Instruments MSP430FR2433 and MSP430FR5994 by : Steven F. Barrett
Download or read book Microcontroller Programming and Interfacing with Texas Instruments MSP430FR2433 and MSP430FR5994 written by Steven F. Barrett and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a thorough introduction to the Texas Instruments MSP430TM microcontroller. The MSP430 is a 16-bit reduced instruction set (RISC) processor that features ultra-low power consumption and integrated digital and analog hardware. Variants of the MSP430 microcontroller have been in production since 1993. This provides for a host of MSP430 products including evaluation boards, compilers, software examples, and documentation. A thorough introduction to the MSP430 line of microcontrollers, programming techniques, and interface concepts are provided along with considerable tutorial information with many illustrated examples. Each chapter provides laboratory exercises to apply what has been presented in the chapter. The book is intended for an upper level undergraduate course in microcontrollers or mechatronics but may also be used as a reference for capstone design projects. Also, practicing engineers already familiar with another microcontroller, who require a quick tutorial on the microcontroller, will find this book very useful. This second edition introduces the MSP–EXP430FR5994 and the MSP430–EXP430FR2433 LaunchPads. Both LaunchPads are equipped with a variety of peripherals and Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FRAM). FRAM is a nonvolatile, low-power memory with functionality similar to flash memory.
Book Synopsis Microcontroller Programming and Interfacing with Texas Instruments MSP430FR2433 and MSP430FR5994 – Part I by : Steven F. Barrett
Download or read book Microcontroller Programming and Interfacing with Texas Instruments MSP430FR2433 and MSP430FR5994 – Part I written by Steven F. Barrett and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a thorough introduction to the Texas Instruments MSP430TM microcontroller. The MSP430 is a 16-bit reduced instruction set (RISC) processor that features ultra-low power consumption and integrated digital and analog hardware. Variants of the MSP430 microcontroller have been in production since 1993. This provides for a host of MSP430 products including evaluation boards, compilers, software examples, and documentation. A thorough introduction to the MSP430 line of microcontrollers, programming techniques, and interface concepts are provided along with considerable tutorial information with many illustrated examples. Each chapter provides laboratory exercises to apply what has been presented in the chapter. The book is intended for an upper level undergraduate course in microcontrollers or mechatronics but may also be used as a reference for capstone design projects. Also, practicing engineers already familiar with another microcontroller, who require a quick tutorial on the microcontroller, will find this book very useful. This second edition introduces the MSP–EXP430FR5994 and the MSP430–EXP430FR2433 LaunchPads. Both LaunchPads are equipped with a variety of peripherals and Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FRAM). FRAM is a nonvolatile, low-power memory with functionality similar to flash memory.
Book Synopsis Microchip AVR® Microcontroller Primer by : Steven F. Barrett
Download or read book Microchip AVR® Microcontroller Primer written by Steven F. Barrett and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides practicing scientists and engineers a primer on the Microchip AVR® microcontroller. The revised title of this book reflects the 2016 Microchip Technology acquisition of Atmel Corporation. In this third edition we highlight the popular ATmega164 microcontroller and other pin-for-pin controllers in the family with a complement of flash memory up to 128 KB. The third edition also provides an update on Atmel Studio, programming with a USB pod, the gcc compiler, the ImageCraft JumpStart C for AVR compiler, the Two-Wire Interface (TWI), and multiple examples at both the subsystem and system level. Our approach is to provide readers with the fundamental skills to quickly set up and operate with this internationally popular microcontroller. We cover the main subsystems aboard the ATmega164, providing a short theory section followed by a description of the related microcontroller subsystem with accompanying hardware and software to operate the subsystem. In all examples, we use the C programming language. We include a detailed chapter describing how to interface the microcontroller to a wide variety of input and output devices and conclude with several system level examples including a special effects light-emitting diode cube, autonomous robots, a multi-function weather station, and a motor speed control system.
Book Synopsis Embedded Systems Design with the Texas Instruments MSP432 32-bit Processor by : Dung Dang
Download or read book Embedded Systems Design with the Texas Instruments MSP432 32-bit Processor written by Dung Dang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a thorough introduction to the Texas Instruments MPS432TM microcontroller. The MPS432 is a 32-bit processor with the ARM Cortex M4F architecture and a built-in floating point unit. At the core, the MSP432 features a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4F CPU, a RISC-architecture processing unit that includes a built-in DSP engine and a floating point unit. As an extension of the ultra-low-power MSP microcontroller family, the MSP432 features ultra-low power consumption and integrated digital and analog hardware peripherals. The MSP432 is a new member to the MSP family. It provides for a seamless transition to applications requiring 32-bit processing at an operating frequency of up to 48 MHz. The processor may be programmed at a variety of levels with different programming languages including the user-friendly Energia rapid prototyping platform, in assembly language, and in C. A number of C programming options are also available to developers, starting with register-level access code where developers can directly configure the device's registers, to Driver Library, which provides a standardized set of application program interfaces (APIs) that enable software developers to quickly manipulate various peripherals available on the device. Even higher abstraction layers are also available, such as the extremely user-friendly Energia platform, that enables even beginners to quickly prototype an application on MSP432. The MSP432 LaunchPad is supported by a host of technical data, application notes, training modules, and software examples. All are encapsulated inside one handy package called MSPWare, available as both a stand-alone download package as well as on the TI Cloud development site: dev.ti.com The features of the MSP432 may be extended with a full line of BoosterPack plug-in modules. The MSP432 is also supported by a variety of third party modular sensors and software compiler companies. In the back, a thorough introduction to the MPS432 line of microcontrollers, programming techniques, and interface concepts are provided along with considerable tutorial information with many illustrated examples. Each chapter provides laboratory exercises to apply what has been presented in the chapter. The book is intended for an upper level undergraduate course in microcontrollers or mechatronics but may also be used as a reference for capstone design projects. Practicing engineers already familiar with another microcontroller, who require a quick tutorial on the microcontroller, will also find this book very useful. Finally, middle school and high school students will find the MSP432 highly approachable via the Energia rapid prototyping system.
Book Synopsis Programming the ARM® Cortex®-M4-based STM32F4 Microcontrollers with Simulink® by : Farzin Asadi
Download or read book Programming the ARM® Cortex®-M4-based STM32F4 Microcontrollers with Simulink® written by Farzin Asadi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A microcontroller is a compact, integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system. A typical microcontroller includes a processor, memory, and input/output (I/O) peripherals on a single chip. When they first became available, microcontrollers solely used Assembly language. Today, the C programming language (and some other high-level languages) can be used as well. Some of advanced microcontrollers support another programming technique as well: Graphical programming. In graphical programming, the user does not write any code but draws the block diagram of the system he wants. Then a software converts the drawn block diagram into a suitable code for the target device. Programming microcontrollers using graphical programming is quite easier than programming in C or Assembly. You can implement a complex system within hours with graphical programming while its implementation in C may take months. These features make the graphical programming an important option for engineers. This book study the graphical programming of STM32F4 high-performance microcontrollers with the aid of Simulink\textregistered\ and Waijung blockset. Students of engineering (for instance, electrical, biomedical, mechatronics and robotic to name a few), engineers who work in industry, and anyone who want to learn the graphical programming of STM32F4 can benefit from this book. Prerequisite for this book is the basic knowledge of MATLABi\textregistered/Simulink\textregistered.
Download or read book Arduino I written by Steven F. Barrett and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the Arduino microcontroller and the Arduino concept. The visionary Arduino team of Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, and David Mellis launched a new innovation in microcontroller hardware in 2005, the concept of open-source hardware. Their approach was to openly share details of microcontroller-based hardware design platforms to stimulate the sharing of ideas and promote innovation. This concept has been popular in the software world for many years. In June 2019, Joel Claypool and I met to plan the fourth edition of Arduino Microcontroller Processing for Everyone! Our goal has been to provide an accessible book on the rapidly changing world of Arduino for a wide variety of audiences including students of the fine arts, middle and senior high school students, engineering design students, and practicing scientists and engineers. To make the book more accessible to better serve our readers, we decided to change our approach and provide a series of smaller volumes. Each volume is written to a specific audience. This book, Arduino I: Getting Started is written for those looking for a quick tutorial on the Arduino environment, platforms, interface techniques, and applications. Arduino II will explore advanced techniques, applications, and systems design. Arduino III will explore Arduino applications in the Internet of Things (IoT). Arduino I: Getting Started covers three different Arduino products: the Arduino UNO R3 equipped with the Microchip ATmega328, the Arduino Mega 2560 equipped with the Microchip ATmega2560, and the wearable Arduino LilyPad.
