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Model Assessment Of The Impact On Ozone Of Subsonic And Supersonic Aircraft
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Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781720626909 Total Pages :82 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (269 download)
Book Synopsis Model Assessment of the Impact on Ozone of Subsonic and Supersonic Aircraft by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Model Assessment of the Impact on Ozone of Subsonic and Supersonic Aircraft written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-03 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the final report for work performed between June 1999 through May 2000. The work represents continuation of the previous contract which encompasses five areas: (1) continued refinements and applications of the 2-D chemistry-transport model (CTM) to assess the ozone effects from aircraft operation in the stratosphere; (2) studying the mechanisms that determine the evolution of the sulfur species in the aircraft plume and how such mechanisms affect the way aircraft sulfur emissions should be introduced into global models; (3) the development of diagnostics in the AER 3-wave interactive model to assess the importance of the dynamics feedback and zonal asymmetry in model prediction of ozone response to aircraft operation; (4) the development of a chemistry parameterization scheme in support of the global modeling initiative (GMI); and (5) providing assessment results for preparation of national and international reports which include the "Aviation and the Global Atmosphere" prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, "Assessment of the effects of high-speed aircraft in the stratosphere: 1998" by NASA, and the "Model and Measurements Intercomparison II" by NASA. Part of the work was reported in the final report. We participated in the SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) campaign and we continue with our analyses of the data.Ko, Malcolm and Weisenstein, Debra and Danilin, Michael and Scott, Courtney and Shia, Run-LieGoddard Space Flight CenterCLIMATE CHANGE; DIAGNOSIS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OZONE; PARAMETERIZATION; TWO DIMENSIONAL MODELS; ASYMMETRY; FEEDBACK; FLIGHT OPERATIONS; LOSSES; PLUMES; STRATOSPHERE; SULFUR; SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT
Book Synopsis An Assessment of the Effect of Supersonic Aircraft Operations on the Stratospheric Ozone Content by : I. G. Poppoff
Download or read book An Assessment of the Effect of Supersonic Aircraft Operations on the Stratospheric Ozone Content written by I. G. Poppoff and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Office Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :70 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis An Assessment of the Effect of Supersonic Aircraft Operations on the Stratospheric Ozone Content by : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Office
Download or read book An Assessment of the Effect of Supersonic Aircraft Operations on the Stratospheric Ozone Content written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Office and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Potential Environmental Effects of Aircraft Emissions by :
Download or read book Potential Environmental Effects of Aircraft Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An assessment is provided of the potential environmental effects of fleets of subsonic, supersonic, and hypersonic aircraft. A general discussion of photochemical and transport modeling techniques is included along with a description of the LLL one-dimensional transport-kinetics model that was used in the assessment. Model simulations of the natural and perturbed stratosphere are used to compare theory with observations as a means of verification of model processes. A review is provided of engine emission indexes and 1990 fleet projections. Assessments of the potential effects of subsonic and supersonic aircraft fleets indicate a small increase in total ozone. However, the change in total ozone is the net difference between regions of ozone increase (in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere) and ozone decrease (in the upper stratosphere). The percent change in the local ozone concentration is much larger than the change in total ozone. The effect of a proposed hydrogen fueled hypersonic transport fleet is a small reduction in total ozone. A study is made of the effect on these results of uncertainties in chemical rate coefficients, speculative chemical reactions, temperature feedback, hydrostatic adjustment, and various model parameters. The potential effect on ozone of aircraft emissions is compared with potential changes due to other anthropogenic perturbations. (Author).
Book Synopsis A Review of NASA's 'Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft' Project by : National Research Council
Download or read book A Review of NASA's 'Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft' Project written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-10-05 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NRC Panel on the Atmospheric Effects of Aviation (PAEAN) was established to provide guidance to NASA's Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Program (AEAP) by evaluating the appropriateness of the program's research plan, appraising the project-sponsored results relative to the current state of scientific knowledge, identifying key scientific uncertainties, and suggesting research activities likely to reduce those uncertainties. Over the last few years, the panel has written periodic reviews of both the subsonic aviation (Subsonic Assessment-SASS) and the supersonic aviation (Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft-AESA) components of AEAP, including: An Interim Review of the Subsonic Assessment Project (1997); An Interim Assessment of AEAP's Emissions Characterization and Near-Field Interactions Elements (1997); An Interim Review of the AESA Project: Science and Progress (1998); Atmospheric Effects of Aviation: A Review of NASA's Subsonic Assessment Project (1998). This report constitutes the final review of AESA and will be the last report written by this panel. The primary audience for these reports is the program managers and scientists affiliated with AEAP, although in some cases the topics discussed are of interest to a wider audience.
Book Synopsis Two-dimensional Model Studies of the Effect of Supersonic Aircraft Operations on the Stratospheric Ozone Content by :
Download or read book Two-dimensional Model Studies of the Effect of Supersonic Aircraft Operations on the Stratospheric Ozone Content written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Effects of Aviation by : National Research Council
Download or read book Atmospheric Effects of Aviation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-03-19 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aviation is an integral part of the global transportation network, and the number of flights worldwide is expected to grow rapidly in the coming decades. Yet, the effects that subsonic aircraft emissions may be having upon atmospheric composition and climate are not fully understood. To study such issues, NASA sponsors the Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Program (AEAP). The NRC Panel on Atmospheric Effects of Aviation is charged to evaluate AEAP, and in this report, the panel is focusing on the subsonic assessment (SASS) component of the program. This evaluation of SASS/AEAP was based on the report Atmospheric Effects of Subsonic Aircraft: Interim Assessment Report of the Advanced Sub-sonic Technology Program, on a strategic plan developed by SASS managers, and on other relevant documents.
Book Synopsis 1995 Scientific Assessment of the Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft by : Richard S. Stolarski
Download or read book 1995 Scientific Assessment of the Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft written by Richard S. Stolarski and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Department of Transportation. Climatic Impact Assessment Program Office Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :870 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (327 download)
Book Synopsis The Effects of Stratospheric Pollution by Aircraft, Report of Findings--final Report by : United States. Department of Transportation. Climatic Impact Assessment Program Office
Download or read book The Effects of Stratospheric Pollution by Aircraft, Report of Findings--final Report written by United States. Department of Transportation. Climatic Impact Assessment Program Office and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plume to Global-scale Atmospheric Impacts of Aviation Emissions by : Thibaud Matthieu Martin Fritz
Download or read book Plume to Global-scale Atmospheric Impacts of Aviation Emissions written by Thibaud Matthieu Martin Fritz and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-altitude emissions from current subsonic aviation or from potentially future supersonic aircraft modify the total column ozone, thus leading to either increases in tropospheric ozone or a decrease in stratospheric ozone, with the latter causing larger UV flux at the ground. Both changes affect human health and, in this thesis, I identify a column ozone-neutral altitude for subsonic and supersonic aviation. Adjoint models of CTMs have been developed to quantify receptor-oriented sensitivities of environmental metrics (e.g. population-weighted ozone exposure) to emissions. Adjoint modeling overcomes the numerical cost of source-oriented sensitivity analysis, as performed by forward models. However, adjoint models of atmospheric chemistry have historically been limited to the troposphere. In this thesis, I build upon previous work and extend the GEOS-Chem Adjoint to further include stratospheric processes, and then validate the sensitivities with multi-year scenarios. I then present adjoint-derived sensitivities to identify column ozone-neutral altitudes for subsonic and supersonic aviation, based on their respective emission characteristics. I find that the 12 - 15 km altitude band is approximately column ozone-neutral for aviation emissions. Neglecting the effects of plume-scale processes introduces a positive bias in the column ozone-neutral altitude that varies between 0.3 up to 1 km.
Book Synopsis First Order Ozone Impact of a Fleet of Supersonic Business Jets (SSBJs) by :
Download or read book First Order Ozone Impact of a Fleet of Supersonic Business Jets (SSBJs) written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Effects of Subsonic Aircraft by : Randall Raymond Friedl
Download or read book Atmospheric Effects of Subsonic Aircraft written by Randall Raymond Friedl and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aviation and the Global Atmosphere by : Joyce E. Penner
Download or read book Aviation and the Global Atmosphere written by Joyce E. Penner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-06-28 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report is the most comprehensive assessment available on the effects of aviation on the global atmosphere. The report considers all the gases and particles emitted by aircraft that modify the chemical properties of the atmosphere, leading to changes in radiative properties and climate change, and modification of the ozone layer, leading to changes in ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth. This volume provides accurate, unbiased, policy-relevant information and is designed to serve the aviation industry and the expert and policymaking communities.
Book Synopsis Report of Findings, the Effects of Stratospheric Pollution by Aircraft by : A. J. Grobecker
Download or read book Report of Findings, the Effects of Stratospheric Pollution by Aircraft written by A. J. Grobecker and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sensitivity of the Ozone Layer, Climate, and Public Health to Changes in the Location of Aviation Emissions by : Joonhee Kim
Download or read book Sensitivity of the Ozone Layer, Climate, and Public Health to Changes in the Location of Aviation Emissions written by Joonhee Kim and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aviation's impact on the ozone layer, climate, and air quality varies based on the location of emissions. Changes from subsonic aircraft emissions due to regional growth, and the potential re-introduction of supersonic transport flying in the stratosphere present new scenarios that regulations do not currently address. To quantify the atmospheric impacts of aviation emissions, past studies have used global chemistry-transport models. However, these models are not practical in the context of policy analysis because of their high computational costs and lack of uncertainty quantification to support decision-making. Using atmospheric emission sensitivities derived from the GEOS-Chem chemistry-transport model, I develop a new reduced- order, probabilistic model to calculate the ozone, climate, and air quality impacts from aircraft emissions for a full range of possible flight altitudes and latitudes. The current model reports results based on the average of five years of atmospheric impacts. Applying this model to multiple emission scenarios, this thesis explores the variation in environmental impacts across subsonic flights on the basis of flight distance, and across potential supersonic flights with differing cruise altitudes. Results show that short-haul flights have the greatest air quality-related health impacts per unit of NO[subscript x] emissions compared to mid- and long-haul flights. These differences are driven by surface PM2.5 changes, which lead to ~8400 premature mortalities per Tg NO[subscript x] from short-haul emissions, about 1.6-1.8 times greater than estimates from mid- and long-haul NO[subscript x] emissions. The results from subsonic and supersonic fleet indicate that the ozone, climate, and air quality impacts from NO[subscript x] are most sensitive to changes in the altitude of emissions. Subsonic emissions are estimated to increase the global ozone column by 0.33 Dobson Units (DU) per Tg NO[subscript x], while a supersonic fleet flying 18-21 km causes 6.6 DU of ozone destruction per Tg NO[subscript x]. However, this stratospheric ozone depletion also leads to ~13,000 fewer mortalities per Tg NO[subscript x] from decreased population exposure to surface ozone. As changing aircraft emissions introduce a variety of new environmental consequences and tradeoffs, understanding the sensitivity of atmospheric impacts to the emission location is essential to inform policies and future aircraft technologies.
Book Synopsis Supersonic Transport Development Environmental Impact Statement by : United States. Office of Supersonic Transport Development
Download or read book Supersonic Transport Development Environmental Impact Statement written by United States. Office of Supersonic Transport Development and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781722369095 Total Pages :70 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (69 download)
Book Synopsis Effects of Engine Emissions from High-Speed Civil Transport Aircraft by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Effects of Engine Emissions from High-Speed Civil Transport Aircraft written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The AER two-dimensional chemistry-transport model is used to study the effect of supersonic and subsonic aircraft operation in the 2010 atmosphere on stratospheric ozone (O3). The results show that: (1) the calculated O3 response is smaller in the 2010 atmosphere compared to previous calculations performed in the 1980 atmosphere; (2) with the emissions provided, the calculated decrease in O3 column is less than 1 percent; and (3) the effect of model grid resolution on O3 response is small provided that the physics is not modified. Ko, Malcolm K. W. and Weisenstein, Debra K. and Sze, Nein Dak and Shia, Run-Lie and Rodriguez, Jose M. and Heisey, Curtis Unspecified Center...
