Mixing in the Extratropical Stratosphere

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Publisher : BiblioGov
ISBN 13 : 9781289277352
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (773 download)

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Book Synopsis Mixing in the Extratropical Stratosphere by : Jun Ma

Download or read book Mixing in the Extratropical Stratosphere written by Jun Ma and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We evaluate transport processes in the extratropical lower stratosphere for both models and measurements with the help of equivalent length diagnostic from the modified Lagrangian-mean (MLM) analysis. This diagnostic is used to compare measurements of long-lived tracers made by the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) with simulated tracers. Simulations are produced in Chemical and Transport Models (CTMs), in which meteorological fields are taken from the Goddard Earth Observing System Data Assimilation System (GEOS DAS), the Middle Atmosphere Community Climate Model (MACCM2), and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) "SKYHI" model, respectively. Time series of isentropic equivalent length show that these models are able to capture major mixing and transport properties observed by CLAES, such as the formation and destruction of polar barriers, the presence of surf zones in both hemispheres. Differences between each model simulation and the observation are examined in light of model performance. Among these differences, only the simulation driven by GEOS DAS shows one case of the "top-down" destruction of the Antarctic polar vortex, as observed in the CLAES data. Additional experiments of isentropic advection of artificial tracer by GEOS DAS winds suggest that diabatic movement might have considerable contribution to the equivalent length field in the 3D CTM diagnostics.

Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402082177
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions by : K. Mohanakumar

Download or read book Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions written by K. Mohanakumar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-03 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stratospheric processes play a signi?cant role in regulating the weather and c- mate of the Earth system. Solar radiation, which is the primary source of energy for the tropospheric weather systems, is absorbed by ozone when it passes through the stratosphere, thereby modulating the solar-forcing energy reaching into the t- posphere. The concentrations of the radiatively sensitive greenhouse gases present in the lower atmosphere, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone, control the radiation balance of the atmosphere by the two-way interaction between the stratosphere and troposphere. The stratosphere is the transition region which interacts with the weather s- tems in the lower atmosphere and the richly ionized upper atmosphere. Therefore, this part of the atmosphere provides a long list of challenging scienti?c problems of basic nature involving its thermal structure, energetics, composition, dynamics, chemistry, and modeling. The lower stratosphere is very much linked dynamically, radiatively,and chemically with the upper troposphere,even though the temperature characteristics of these regions are different. The stratosphere is a region of high stability, rich in ozone and poor in water - por and temperature increases with altitude. The lower stratospheric ozone absorbs the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and protects life on the Earth. On the other hand, the troposphere has high concentrations of water vapor, is low in ozone, and temperature decreases with altitude. The convective activity is more in the troposphere than in the stratosphere.

The Role of the Stratosphere in Global Change

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642783066
Total Pages : 563 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of the Stratosphere in Global Change by : Marie-Lise Chanin

Download or read book The Role of the Stratosphere in Global Change written by Marie-Lise Chanin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists concerned with the processes occurring in the stratosphere are becoming more and more aware of the role that the stratosphere may play in the global climate and in global change in general. This book focuses on the basic processes taking place in the stratosphere and on the stratospheric changes which may occur from either natural or anthropogenic forcing. Of major concern here is the consequence of the increasing Antarctic Ozone Hole and the possibility of similar processes occurring at northern latitudes. One of the expected consequences of the change in the stratospheric composition, mainly ozone depletion, is the change in the penetration of UV-B in the troposphere, at the surface, and in the top layers of the ocean. Monitoring and modeling of those changes are still in infancy, even though the implications may be of utmost importance for the entire biosphere. Several aspects of these consequences with regard to aquatic ecosystems, terrestrial vegetation and human health are presented by experts in these fields.

Chemical and Dynamical Characteristics of Stratosphere-troposphere Exchange

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (818 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical and Dynamical Characteristics of Stratosphere-troposphere Exchange by : Cameron Homeyer

Download or read book Chemical and Dynamical Characteristics of Stratosphere-troposphere Exchange written by Cameron Homeyer and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stratosphere-troposphere exchange processes are responsible for controlling the distribution of chemically and radiatively important trace gases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Extensive characterization of exchange processes is critical to the development of our understanding and prediction of the climate system. This study examines the occurrence and dynamical and chemical characteristics related to two primary stratosphere-troposphere exchange processes: Rossby wavebreaking and moist convection. Intrusions of air from the tropical upper troposphere into the extratropical stratosphere above the subtropical jet via Rossby wavebreaking potentially have a significant impact on the composition of the lowermost stratosphere (the stratospheric part of the "middleworld"). We first present an analysis of tropospheric intrusion events observed in aircraft observations using kinematic and chemical diagnostics. The transport processes operating during each event are discussed using high-resolution model analyses and backward trajectory calculations. In situ chemical observations of the tropospheric intrusions are used to estimate the mixing timescales of the observed intrusions through use of a simple box model and trace species with different photo-chemical lifetimes. We estimate that the timescale for an intrusion to mix with the background stratospheric air is 5 to 6 days. Detailed analysis of small-scale features with tropospheric characteristics observed in the stratosphere suggests frequent irreversible transport associated with tropospheric intrusions. We also present a 30-year climatology (1981-2010) of anticyclonically and cyclonically sheared Rossby wave-breaking events along the boundary of the tropics in the 350-500 K potential temperature range from ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalyses. Lagrangian transport analyses show poleward transport at altitudes below and above the 370-390 K layer. Poleward transport at lower levels is in disagreement with previous studies and is shown to be largely dependent on the choice of tropical boundary. In addition, transport analyses reveal three modes of transport for anticyclonic wavebreaking events near the tropical tropopause (380 K): poleward, equatorward, and bidirectional. These transport modes are associated with distinct characteristics in the geometry of the mean flow. Stratospheric intrusions (tropopause folds) are known to be major contributors to stratosphere-troposphere exchange. The specific mixing processes that lead to irreversible exchange between stratospheric intrusions and the surrounding troposphere, however, are not entirely understood. This study presents direct observations of moist convection penetrating into stratospheric intrusions. The characteristics of convective injection are shown by using in situ aircraft measurements, radar reflectivities, and model analyses. Convective injection is observed at altitudes up to 5 km above the bottom of a stratospheric intrusion. Aircraft measurements show that convective injection in stratospheric intrusions can be uniquely identified by coincident observations of water vapor greater than about 100 ppmv and ozone greater than about 125 ppbv. Trajectory analyses show that convective injection can impact transport in both directions: from troposphere to stratosphere and from stratosphere to troposphere. We present a conceptual model of the synoptic meteorological conditions conducive to convective injection in stratospheric intrusions. In particular, convective injection is found to be associated with a "split front" where the upper-level frontal boundary outruns the surface cold front.

Impact of Severe Convection on the Water Vapor Mixing Ratio in the Extra-tropical Stratosphere

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Impact of Severe Convection on the Water Vapor Mixing Ratio in the Extra-tropical Stratosphere by : Dina Khordakova

Download or read book Impact of Severe Convection on the Water Vapor Mixing Ratio in the Extra-tropical Stratosphere written by Dina Khordakova and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Observation- and Model-based Study of the Extratropical UT, LS

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Publisher : Forschungszentrum Jülich
ISBN 13 : 3893366032
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (933 download)

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Book Synopsis Observation- and Model-based Study of the Extratropical UT, LS by : Anne Kunz

Download or read book Observation- and Model-based Study of the Extratropical UT, LS written by Anne Kunz and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2010 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080529070
Total Pages : 993 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere by : Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts

Download or read book Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere written by Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-11-17 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of one of the hottest areas of chemical research. The treatment of fundamental kinetics and photochemistry will be highly useful to chemistry students and their instructors at the graduate level, as well as postdoctoral fellows entering this new, exciting, and well-funded field with a Ph.D. in a related discipline (e.g., analytical, organic, or physical chemistry, chemical physics, etc.). Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere provides postgraduate researchers and teachers with a uniquely detailed, comprehensive, and authoritative resource. The text bridges the "gap" between the fundamental chemistry of the earth's atmosphere and "real world" examples of its application to the development of sound scientific risk assessments and associated risk management control strategies for both tropospheric and stratospheric pollutants. - Serves as a graduate textbook and "must have" reference for all atmospheric scientists - Provides more than 5000 references to the literature through the end of 1998 - Presents tables of new actinic flux data for the troposphere and stratospher (0-40km) - Summarizes kinetic and photochemical date for the troposphere and stratosphere - Features problems at the end of most chapters to enhance the book's use in teaching - Includes applications of the OZIPR box model with comprehensive chemistry for student use

Middle Atmosphere Dynamics

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080954677
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Middle Atmosphere Dynamics by : David G. Andrews

Download or read book Middle Atmosphere Dynamics written by David G. Andrews and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-07-21 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography. * Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates and beginning graduate students * Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations and laboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web * Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informative laboratory experiments * Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn the material.

Middle Atmosphere

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Publisher : Birkhäuser
ISBN 13 : 3034858256
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Middle Atmosphere by : PLUMB

Download or read book Middle Atmosphere written by PLUMB and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PAGEOPH, stratosphere, these differences provide us with new evidence, interpretation of which can materially help to advance our understanding of stratospheric dynamics in general. It is now weil established that smaller-scale motions-in particular gravity waves and turbulence-are of fundamental importance in the general circulation of the mesosphere; they seem to be similarly, if less spectacularly, significant in the troposphere, and probably also in the stratosphere. Our understanding of these motions, their effects on the mean circulation and their mutual interactions is progressing rapidly, as is weil illustrated by the papers in this issue; there are reports of observational studies, especially with new instruments such as the Japanese MV radar, reviews of the state of theory, a laboratory study and an analysis of gravity waves and their effects in the high resolution "SKYHI" general circulation model. There are good reasons to suspect that gravity waves may be of crucial significance in making the stratospheric circulation the way it is (modeling experience being one suggestive piece of evidence for this). Direct observational proof has thus far been prevented by the difficulty of making observations of such scales of motion in this region; in one study reported here, falling sphere observations are used to obtain information on the structure and intensity of waves in the upper stratosphere.

The Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft Project

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309060958
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft Project by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft Project written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-09-21 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists and policy-makers alike are concerned that operation of a fleet of high-speed civil transport (HSCT) aircraft could significantly affect the global atmosphere. HSCT emissions may have a direct effect on the chemistry of the atmosphere, leading to changes in the distribution of ozone; they may also have indirect effects on ozone and on global climate through coupling with radiative and dynamical processes in the atmosphere. An assessment of the atmospheric impact of a fleet of HSCTs thus requires not only an understanding of the chemistry of the natural stratosphere and its possible perturbations by HSCT emissions, but also an understanding of the pathways for transport of HSCT emissions within the atmosphere, and the resulting temporal and spatial distribution of HSCT emissions. The results of NASA's Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft (AESA) project were summarized in a 1995 NASA assessment. The present report looks at that summary and at more recent work to evaluate the state of the science. AESA has made good progress in the past few years. Satellite and aircraft observations have elucidated important aspects of large-scale transport processes. Field campaigns have provided a much better picture of the relative importance, below 20 km altitude, of the major catalytic cycles for ozone destruction. Careful intercomparisons of assessment models have led to reduction of some of the differences among the models. However, a number of uncertainties and inconsistencies still remain.

Models and Measurements Intercomparison II

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)

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Book Synopsis Models and Measurements Intercomparison II by :

Download or read book Models and Measurements Intercomparison II written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Models and measurements intercomparison II (MM II) summarizes the intercomparison results from model simulations and observations of stratospheric species. Representatives from 23 modeling groups using 29 models participated in these MM II excercises between 1996 and 1999. Twelve of the models were two-dimensional zonal-mean models while 17 were three-dimensional models. This was an international effort as seven were from outside the U.S.A. Six transport experiments and five chemistry experiments were designed for various models. Models participating in the transport experiments performed simulations of chemically inert tracers providing diagnostics for transport. The chemistry experiments involved simulating the distributions of chemically active trace gases including ozone.

An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123848660
Total Pages : 554 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology by : James R. Holton

Download or read book An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology written by James R. Holton and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade, the science of dynamic meteorology has continued its rapid advance. The scope of dynamic meteorology has broadened considerably. Much of the material is based on a two-term course for seniors majoring in atmospheric sciences. This book presents a cogent explanation of the fundamentals of meteorology and explains storm dynamics for weather-oriented meteorologists. It discusses climate dynamics and the implications posed for global change. The new edition has added a companion website with MATLAB exercises and updated treatments of several key topics. Provides clear physical explanations of key dynamical principles Contains a wealth of illustrations to elucidate text and equations, plus end-of-chapter problems Holton is one of the leading authorities in contemporary meteorology, and well known for his clear writing style Instructor's Manual available to adopters NEW IN THIS EDITION A companion website with MATLAB® exercises and demonstrations Updated treatments on climate dynamics, tropical meteorology, middle atmosphere dynamics, and numerical prediction

Impact of Different Vertical Transport Representations on Simulating Processes in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL)

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Publisher : Forschungszentrum Jülich
ISBN 13 : 3893366954
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (933 download)

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Book Synopsis Impact of Different Vertical Transport Representations on Simulating Processes in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) by : Felix Plöger

Download or read book Impact of Different Vertical Transport Representations on Simulating Processes in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) written by Felix Plöger and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2011 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Tracer-tracer Relations as a Tool for Research on Polar Ozone Loss

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Publisher : Forschungszentrum Jülich
ISBN 13 : 3893366148
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (933 download)

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Book Synopsis Tracer-tracer Relations as a Tool for Research on Polar Ozone Loss by : Rolf Müller

Download or read book Tracer-tracer Relations as a Tool for Research on Polar Ozone Loss written by Rolf Müller and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2010 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0123822262
Total Pages : 2874 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences by : Gerald R. North

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences written by Gerald R. North and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-09-14 with total page 2874 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Second Edition, Six Volume Set is an authoritative resource covering all aspects of atmospheric sciences, including both theory and applications. With more than 320 articles and 1,600 figures and photographs, this revised version of the award-winning first edition offers comprehensive coverage of this important field. The six volumes in this set contain broad-ranging articles on topics such as atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layers, clouds, general circulation, global change, mesoscale meteorology, ozone, radar, satellite remote sensing, and weather prediction. The Encyclopedia is an ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences. It is written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with the latest information in the field. Covers all aspects of atmospheric sciences—including both theory and applications Presents more than 320 articles and more than 1,600 figures and photographs Broad-ranging articles include topics such as atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layers, clouds, general circulation, global change, mesoscale meteorology, ozone, radar, satellite remote sensing, and weather prediction An ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences

Middle Atmosphere Program: Middle atmosphere composition revealed by satellite observations

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Middle Atmosphere Program: Middle atmosphere composition revealed by satellite observations by :

Download or read book Middle Atmosphere Program: Middle atmosphere composition revealed by satellite observations written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Middle Atmosphere Program

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Middle Atmosphere Program by :

Download or read book Middle Atmosphere Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: