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Mirrors For Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines
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Book Synopsis Gratings, Mirrors and Slits by : WB Peatman
Download or read book Gratings, Mirrors and Slits written by WB Peatman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended to provide scientists and engineers at synchrotron radiation facilities with a sound and convenient basis for designing beamlines for monochromatic soft x-ray radiation, this text will also be helpful to the users of synchrotron radiation who want to help ensure that beamlines being built are optimized for the experiments to be performed on them. The primary purpose of a beamline is to capture as much of the light of the source as possible and then to transfer the desired portion of that light as completely as possible to the experiment. With the development of dedicated, brilliant synchrotron radiation sources, the first half of the task has been greatly simplified. The beamline designer must contend with the second half of the problem -- conserving the brilliance of the source through an optical system which monochromatizes and focuses the radiation.
Book Synopsis Mirrors for Synchrotron-radiation Beamlines by :
Download or read book Mirrors for Synchrotron-radiation Beamlines written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors consider the role of mirrors in synchrotron-radiation beamlines and discuss the optical considerations involved in their design. They discuss toroidal, spherical, elliptical, and paraboloidal mirrors in detail with particular attention to their aberration properties. They give a treatment of the sine condition and describe its role in correcting the coma of axisymmetric systems. They show in detail how coma is inevitable in single-reflection, grazing-incidence systems but correctable in two-reflection systems such as those of the Wolter type. In an appendix, they give the theory of point aberrations of reflectors of a general shape and discuss the question of correct naming of aberrations. In particular, a strict definition of coma is required if attempts at correction are to be based on the sine condition.
Book Synopsis Gratings, Mirrors and Slits by : W B Peatman
Download or read book Gratings, Mirrors and Slits written by W B Peatman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-05-22 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended to provide scientists and engineers at synchrotron radiation facilities with a sound and convenient basis for designing beamlines for monochromatic soft x-ray radiation, this text will also be helpful to the users of synchrotron radiation who want to help ensure that beamlines being built are optimized for the experiments to be performed on them. The primary purpose of a beamline is to capture as much of the light of the source as possible and then to transfer the desired portion of that light as completely as possible to the experiment. With the development of dedicated, brilliant synchrotron radiation sources, the first half of the task has been greatly simplified. The beamline designer must contend with the second half of the problem -- conserving the brilliance of the source through an optical system which monochromatizes and focuses the radiation.
Book Synopsis Multilayer-coated Mirrors as Power Filters in Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines by :
Download or read book Multilayer-coated Mirrors as Power Filters in Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multilayer-coated mirrors, rather than conventional total-reflection mirrors, have been proposed as a means to reduce power incident on the first optical element of high resolution monochromators. We have designed, fabricated, installed and characterized a multilayer pre-mirror specifically for the 800 to 4000 eV range for the X24-A bending magnet beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source. Various aspects of this application are discussed, including power and thermal considerations, beamline layout considerations and constraints, choice of multilayer materials and substrate, and techniques to ensure lateral uniformity of the multilayer. Results of a preliminary characterization of a mirror coated with a SiC/V multilayer and installed in the beamline are also discussed. 9 refs., 5 figs.
Book Synopsis Mirror and Grating Surface Figure Requirements for Grazing Incidence Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines by :
Download or read book Mirror and Grating Surface Figure Requirements for Grazing Incidence Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present, grazing incidence mirrors are used almost exclusively as the first optical element in VUV and soft x-ray synchrotron radiation beam lines. The performance of these mirrors is determined by thermal and mechanical stress-induced figure errors as well as by figure errors remaining from the grinding and polishing process. With the advent of VUV and soft x-ray undulators and wigglers has come a new set of thermal stress problems related to both the magnitude and the spatial distribution of power from these devices. In many cases the power load on the entrance slits and gratings in these beamlines is no longer negligible. The dependence of thermally-induced front-end mirror figure errors on various storage ring and insertion device parameters (especially those at the NSLS) and the effects of these figure errors on a class of soft x-ray beam lines are presented. 17 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
Book Synopsis Development of Highly Polished, Grazing Incidence Mirrors for Synchrotron Radiation Beam Lines at SSRL. by :
Download or read book Development of Highly Polished, Grazing Incidence Mirrors for Synchrotron Radiation Beam Lines at SSRL. written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New platinum-coated grazing incidence mirrors with low surface roughnesses have been developed to focus bending magnet radiation from the SSRL/SLAC SPEAR storage ring on the entrance slits of two Beam Line VIII grating monochromators. The first mirror in the toroidal grating monochromator (TGM) branch is a cooled SiC cylinder capable of absorbing synchrotron radiation power levels of up to 260 watts without excessive distortion. This mirror deflects the beam vertically through a 12° angle and focuses it sagitally on the TGM entrance slit plane. The second TGM optical element is a fused-silica spherical mirror with a large radius of curvature that deflects the beam vertically through an additional 12° and focuses it tangentially with 3/1 demagnification. The first mirror in our spherical grating branch is a 5/degree/-vertically deflecting, cooled SiC toroid designed to focus tangentially on the monochromator entrance slits and sagitally in the exit slits. A 4/degree/-deflecting fused silica mirror is used after the exit sites in each beam line to refocus on to the sample. For this application a thin cylinder is bent to approximate an ellipsoid. The mirrors are now installed at SSRL and performance measurements are planned. Qualitatively the focus of the TGM optics at the entrance slit plane appears very good. In this paper we discuss considerations leading to the choice of SiC for each of the two first mirrors. We present highlights of the development of these mirrors with some emphasis on SiC polishing techniques. In addition, the specialized metrology developed to produce the more difficult figure of the toroid will be described. Measured surface roughness and figure results will be presented. 19 refs., 11 figs.
Book Synopsis Optical Systems for Synchrotron Radiation. Lecture 2. Mirror Systems by :
Download or read book Optical Systems for Synchrotron Radiation. Lecture 2. Mirror Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of reflection of VUV and x-radiation is summarized. The functions of mirrors in synchrotron beamlines are described, which include deflection, filtration, power absorption, formation of a real image, focusing, and collimation. Fabrication of optical surfaces for synchrotron radiation beamlines are described, and include polishing of a near spherical surface as well as bending a cylindrical surface to toroidal shape. The imperfections present in mirrors, aberrations and surface figure inaccuracy, are discussed. Calculation of the thermal load of a mirror in a synchrotron radiation beam and the cooling of the mirror are covered briefly. 50 refs., 7 figs. (LEW).
Book Synopsis VUV and soft x-ray mirrors for synchrotron radiation by : Victor Rehn
Download or read book VUV and soft x-ray mirrors for synchrotron radiation written by Victor Rehn and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers Publisher :SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering ISBN 13 : Total Pages :282 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Materials, Manufacturing, and Measurement for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors by : Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers
Download or read book Materials, Manufacturing, and Measurement for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors written by Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1997 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermal Loading Considerations for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors by :
Download or read book Thermal Loading Considerations for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grazing incidence mirrors used to focus synchrotron radiation beams through small distant apertures have severe optical requirements. The surface distortion due to heat loading of the first mirror in a bending magnet beam line is of particular concern when a large fraction of the incident beam is absorbed. In this paper we discuss mirror design considerations involved in minimizing the thermal/mechanical loading on vertically deflecting first surface mirrors required for SPEAR synchrotron radiation beam lines. Topics include selection of mirror material and cooling method, the choice of SiC for the substrate, optimization of the thickness, and the design of the mirror holder and cooling mechanism. Results obtained using two-dimensional, finite-element thermal/mechanical distortion analysis are presented for the case of a 6° grazing incidence SiC mirror absorbing up to 260 W at Beam Line VIII on the SPEAR ring. Test descriptions and results are given for the material used to thermally couple this SiC mirror to a water-cooled block. The interface material is limited to applications for which the equivalent normal heat load is less than 20 W/cm2.
Book Synopsis Optics for High-brightness Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines by :
Download or read book Optics for High-brightness Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Water-cooled Mirror System for Synchrotron Radiation by :
Download or read book A Water-cooled Mirror System for Synchrotron Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the design and performance of a directly-cooled soft x-ray mirror system which has been developed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory for synchrotron radiation beam lines in which mirror thermal distortion must be minimized for acceptable optical performance. Two similar mirror systems are being built: the first mirror has been installed and operated at the National Synchrotron Light Source on the X-17T mini-undulator beam line and will be moved to the permanent X-1 beam line when a new, more powerful undulator is installed there. The second system is being built for installation at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory on Beam Line VI, where the total absorbed power on the mirror may be as high as 2400 W with peak absorbed power density of 520 W/cm2. Direct cooling by convection is achieved using internal water channels in a brazed, dispersion-strengthened copper and OFHC copper substrate with a polished electroless-nickel surface. A simple kinematic linkage and flexural pivot mounting provide for mirror positioning about two rotational axes that coincide with the optical surface. Surface figure metrology, optical configurations, and tolerancing are also discussed. 11 refs., 8 figs.
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation Research by : Herman Winick
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation Research written by Herman Winick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 767 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has grown out of our shared experience in the development of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), based on the electron-positron storage ring SPEAR at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) starting in Summer, 1973. The immense potential of the photon beam from SPEAR became obvious as soon as experiments using the beam started to run in May, 1974. The rapid growth of interest in using the beam since that time and the growth of other facilities using high-energy storage rings (see Chapters 1 and 3) demonstrates how the users of this source of radiation are finding applications in an increasingly wide variety of fields of science and technology. In assembling the list of authors for this book, we have tried to cover as many of the applications of synchrotron radiation, both realized already or in the process of realization, as we can. Inevitably, there are omissions both through lack of space and because many projects are at an early stage. We thank the authors for their efforts and cooperation in producing what we believe is the most comprehensive treatment of synchrotron radiation research to date.
Book Synopsis 3-D Surface Profile Measurements of Large X-ray Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors Using Stitching Interferometry by :
Download or read book 3-D Surface Profile Measurements of Large X-ray Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors Using Stitching Interferometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stitching interferometry, using small-aperture, high-resolution, phase-measuring interferometry, has been proposed for quite some time now as a metrology technique to obtain 3-dimensional profiles of surfaces of oversized optical components and substrates. The aim of this work is to apply this method to the specific case of long grazing-incidence x-ray mirrors, such as those used in beamlines at synchrotron radiation facilities around the world. Both fabrication and characterization of these mirrors would greatly benefit from this technique because it offers the potential for providing measurements with accuracy and resolution better than those obtained using existing noncontact laser profilers, such as the long trace profiler (LTP). Measurement data can be used as feedback for computer-controlled fabrication processes to correct for possible topography errors. The data can also be used for simulating and predicting mirror performance under realistic conditions. A semiautomated stitching system was built and tested at the X-ray Optics Metrology Laboratory of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The initial objective was to achieve a measurement sensitivity on the order of 1[micro]rad rms. Preliminary tests on a 1 m-long x-ray mirror showed system repeatability of less than 0.6[micro]rad rms. This value is comparable to that of a conventional LTP. The measurement accuracy was mostly affected by environmental perturbations and system calibration effects. With a fully automated and improved system (to be built in the near future), we expect to achieve measurement sensitivity on the order of 0.0[micro]rad rms or better. In this paper, after a brief review of basic principles and general technical difficulties and challenges of the stitching technique, a detailed description of the measurement setup is given and preliminary results obtained with it are analyzed and discussed.
Book Synopsis On Controlling Gravitational Distortions in Long Synchrotron X-ray Mirrors by :
Download or read book On Controlling Gravitational Distortions in Long Synchrotron X-ray Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray mirrors for synchrotron radiation beamlines must have low roughness and small figure errors to preserve source brilliance. Gravitationally-induced slope errors can be particularly detrimental for large vertically-deflecting mirrors on ultra-high brilliance third generation beamlines. Although mirror support can greatly reduce gravitational distortions, in some cases mirror support can complicate dynamic bending. We discuss techniques for controlling gravitational distortions with particular emphasis on removing gravitational distortions from simple bendable mirrors. We also show that in beamlines with parallel mirrors, gravitation induced slope errors can be canceled through the mirror pair; gravitation induced slope errors of the first mirror can be canceled by matching slope errors with opposite signs on the second mirror.
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation Damage Observations in Normal Incidence Copper Mirrors by :
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation Damage Observations in Normal Incidence Copper Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water-cooled copper mirrors used at near-normal incidence on two beam lines at the NSLS are observed to undergo severe degradation upon exposure to the direct SR beam. These mirrors are used on beam lines designed to utilize radiation in the wavelength regions longer than 100 nm and are coated with a uv reflection-enhancing coating, consisting of one or more bilayers of aluminum with a MgF2 overcoat. Beamline performance degrades very rapidly following installation of a new set of mirrors. Analysis of the mirror surfaces by various non-destructive techniques indicates severe degradation of the coating and surface along the central strip where most of the x-ray power is absorbed from the beam. In one case where the mirror had three bilayer coatings, the outer coating layer has disappeared along the central strip. Rutherford backscatter measurements indicate compositional changes between layers and confirm the existence of a carbon deposit on the surface. Thermal modeling suggests that most of the damage is caused by direct photon interaction, since the temperature rise in the energy deposition region is small.
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation Sources - A Primer by : Herman Winick
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation Sources - A Primer written by Herman Winick and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-02-28 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specialists in the technical components of a synchrotron light source are usually well versed in their field and in the associated technical literature. However, with the rapid and continuing growth of synchrotron radiation research, and with new facilities coming online and being authorized for design and construction around the world, there is a need for a reference book that describes the various technical components of a synchrotron light source in a manner that will be useful to those who lack specialized technical background, but who have responsibility for some part of the design, construction, operation or development of such a facility. This would include technicians, engineers and physicists who have technical background in related fields but no specific experience with a synchrotron light source, and also project managers, laboratory directors, and government officials involved with synchrotron light facilities.College level scientific or engineering training or the equivalent experience is assumed and appropriate mathematics is used throughout. However, the basic concepts in each chapter are given in less technical language and a glossary of terms as well as an index will make the book useful for those with less technical training or experience.
