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Militarization And Demilitarization In El Salvadors Transition To Democracy
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Book Synopsis Militarization and Demilitarization in El Salvador's Transition to Democracy by : Philip J. Williams
Download or read book Militarization and Demilitarization in El Salvador's Transition to Democracy written by Philip J. Williams and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 1997-12-15 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the resignation of General Renee Emilio Ponce in March 1993, the Salvadorian army's sixty-year domination of El Salvador came to an end. The country's January 1992 peace accords stripped the military of the power it once enjoyed, placing many areas under civilian rule. Establishing civilian control during the transition to democracy was no easy task, especially for a country that had never experienced even a brief period of democracy in its history.In Militarization and Demilitarization in El Salvador's Transition to Democracy, Phillip J. Williams and Knut Walter argue that prolonged military rule produced powerful obstacles that limited the possibilities for demilitarization in the wake of the peace accords. The failure of the accords to address several key aspects of the military's political power had important implications for the democratic transition and for future civil-military relations.Drawing on an impressive array of primary source materials and interviews, this book will be valuable to students, scholars, and policy makers concerned with civil-military relations, democratic transitions, and the peace process in Central America.
Book Synopsis Militarization and Demilitarization in El Salvador's Transition to Democracy by : Philip J. Williams
Download or read book Militarization and Demilitarization in El Salvador's Transition to Democracy written by Philip J. Williams and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Militarization and Demilitarization in El Salvador’s Transition to Democracy by : Philip Williams
Download or read book Militarization and Demilitarization in El Salvador’s Transition to Democracy written by Philip Williams and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 1997-10-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the resignation of General Renee Emilio Ponce in March 1993, the Salvadorian army’s sixty-year domination of El Salvador came to an end. The country’s January 1992 peace accords stripped the military of the power it once enjoyed, placing many areas under civilian rule. Establishing civilian control during the transition to democracy was no easy task, especially for a country that had never experienced even a brief period of democracy in its history. Phillip J. Williams and Knut Walter argue that prolonged military rule produced powerful obstacles that limited the possibilities for demilitarization in the wake of the peace accords. The failure of the accords to address several key aspects of the military’s political power had important implications for the democratic transition and for future civil-military relations. Drawing on an impressive array of primary source materials and interviews, this book will be valuable to students, scholars, and policy makers concerned with civil-military relations, democratic transitions, and the peace process in Central America.
Book Synopsis Civil-Military Relations and Militarization in El Salvador by : Naval Postgraduate Naval Postgraduate School
Download or read book Civil-Military Relations and Militarization in El Salvador written by Naval Postgraduate Naval Postgraduate School and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-12-31 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the state of civil-military relations and militarization in El Salvador under the leadership of President Mauricio Funes (2009-2014). Civil-military relations are examined using the Center for Civil-Military Relations "trinity" framework-first proposed by Thomas C. Bruneau in the journal Revista Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad in 2005-which considers effectiveness, efficiency, and democratic civilian control. Militarization is presented in terms of Salvadoran troops in the streets. This book presents the linkage of these two phenomena as domestic security policy formation and implementation. The analysis demonstrates that informal civil-military relations have resulted in a largely undemocratic response to El Salvador's sizeable security challenges. Two cases, in particular, are studied more closely: 1) President Funes' unique relationship with General David Munguía Payés and the government's secret design of the 2012 gang truce. This work concludes that security policy formation under the Funes administration was haphazardly conducted as an expedient to El Salvador's security dilemma and resulted in at least a partial democratic breakdown in the processes envisioned by the 1992 peace accords.
Book Synopsis Civil-Military Relations and Militarization in El Salvador by : Naval Postgraduate School
Download or read book Civil-Military Relations and Militarization in El Salvador written by Naval Postgraduate School and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis analyzes the state of civil-military relations and militarization in El Salvador under the leadership of President Mauricio Funes (2009-2014). Civil-military relations are examined using the Center for Civil-Military Relations "trinity" framework-first proposed by Thomas C. Bruneau in the journal Revista Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad in 2005-which considers effectiveness, efficiency, and democratic civilian control. Militarization is presented in terms of Salvadoran troops in the streets. This thesis presents the linkage of these two phenomena as domestic security policy formation and implementation. The analysis demonstrates that informal civil-military relations have resulted in a largely undemocratic response to El Salvador's sizeable security challenges. Two cases, in particular, are studied more closely: 1) President Funes' unique relationship with General David Munguía Payés and the government's secret design of the 2012 gang truce. This thesis concludes that security policy formation under the Funes administration was haphazardly conducted as an expedient to El Salvador's security dilemma and resulted in at least a partial democratic breakdown in the processes envisioned by the 1992 peace accords.
Book Synopsis On the Road to Democracy by : Salvador A. Giralt Barraza
Download or read book On the Road to Democracy written by Salvador A. Giralt Barraza and published by . This book was released on 1998-12-01 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this thesis is to determine to what extent the civilian-elected authorities have achieved control over the military in El Salvador. Much of the literature on democratization suggests that such control is a necessary condition for the full consolidation of democracy within a country. This thesis begins with a historical overview of civil-military relations in El Salvador, and focuses on current civil military relations. The application of Alfred Stepan's eleven prerogatives is used to measure the level of civilian control over the military. The analysis suggests that three of the military prerogatives have been reduced substantially, that six prerogatives presented a change from the high to moderate category, that one prerogative related to the relations with the chief executive remains in the moderate category, and finally that the military prerogative on officer promotions remains in the high category. Based on this analysis, this thesis concludes that since 1992, elected civilian authorities have achieved considerable control over the military, that thus civil-military relations in El Salvador are on the right track to help the country towards consolidating a democracy.
Book Synopsis US and the Salvadoran Military: Key Factors in the Transition to Democracy in El Salvador, Central America by : Jay Newman Hidalgo
Download or read book US and the Salvadoran Military: Key Factors in the Transition to Democracy in El Salvador, Central America written by Jay Newman Hidalgo and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Military Disengagement and Democratic Consolidation in Post-military Regimes by : Andrew P. Miller
Download or read book Military Disengagement and Democratic Consolidation in Post-military Regimes written by Andrew P. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the question of military disengagement from politics in states emerging from prolonged cycles of military intervention in politics. The case of El Salvador is particularly interesting, given the decades of repeated intervention by the Salvadoran military. These cycles of military intervention indicate that intervention in politics is seen by the military as part of its job.
Book Synopsis Is There a Transition to Democracy in El Salvador? by : Joseph S. Tulchin
Download or read book Is There a Transition to Democracy in El Salvador? written by Joseph S. Tulchin and published by Lynne Rienner Pub. This book was released on 1992 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The civil war in El Salvador appears to be nearing an end, an outcome that many observers of the country doubted was ever possible. For both sides, though, the central issue of the war remains: to what degree has democracy taken root in El Salvador, and to what extent can the country strengthen democratic, civilian-controlled government institutions?
Book Synopsis El Salvador's Democratic Transition Ten Years After the Peace Accord by : Ricardo Guillermo Castaneda
Download or read book El Salvador's Democratic Transition Ten Years After the Peace Accord written by Ricardo Guillermo Castaneda and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Authoritarian El Salvador by : Erik Ching
Download or read book Authoritarian El Salvador written by Erik Ching and published by University of Notre Dame Pess. This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In December 1931, El Salvador’s civilian president, Arturo Araujo, was overthrown in a military coup. Such an event was hardly unique in Salvadoran history, but the 1931 coup proved to be a watershed. Araujo had been the nation’s first democratically elected president, and although no one could have foreseen the result, the coup led to five decades of uninterrupted military rule, the longest run in modern Latin American history. Furthermore, six weeks after coming to power, the new military regime oversaw the crackdown on a peasant rebellion in western El Salvador that is one of the worst episodes of state-sponsored repression in modern Latin American history. Democracy would not return to El Salvador until the 1990s, and only then after a brutal twelve-year civil war. In Authoritarian El Salvador: Politics and the Origins of the Military Regimes, 1880-1940, Erik Ching seeks to explain the origins of the military regime that came to power in 1931. Based on his comprehensive survey of the extant documentary record in El Salvador’s national archive, Ching argues that El Salvador was typified by a longstanding tradition of authoritarianism dating back to the early- to mid-nineteenth century. The basic structures of that system were based on patron-client relationships that wove local, regional, and national political actors into complex webs of rival patronage networks. Decidedly nondemocratic in practice, the system nevertheless exhibited highly paradoxical traits: it remained steadfastly loyal to elections as the mechanism by which political aspirants acquired office, and it employed a political discourse laden with appeals to liberty and free suffrage. That blending of nondemocratic authoritarianism with populist reformism and rhetoric set the precedent for military rule for the next fifty years.
Book Synopsis Civil-Military Relations in Post-Conflict Societies by : Orlando J. Pérez
Download or read book Civil-Military Relations in Post-Conflict Societies written by Orlando J. Pérez and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-10 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Honduras are four Spanish speaking countries in Central America that possess uniformed military institutions. These four countries represent different approaches to reforms of civil-military relations, and embody varying degrees of success in both institutional democratization and the managing of security forces. In this book, Orlando J. Pérez expertly examines the competing theories of civil-military relations in Central America to advance our understanding of the origins, consequences and persistence of militarism in Latin America. Divided into four parts, Pérez begins by proposing a theoretical framework for analyzing civil-military relations, including an analysis of how U.S. foreign and military policy affects the establishment of stable civilian supremacy over the armed forces. Part Two examines the institutional and legal structures under which civil-military relations are carried out revealing in Part Three the reorientation of the missions and roles performed by the armed forces in each country. The concluding part analyzes the role beliefs of members of the military and public opinion about the armed forces in relation to other institutions. Combining both qualitative and quantitative data, Pérez bridges the gap between structural and cultural analyses for a more comprehensive understanding of the links between micro and macro level factors that influence civil-military relations and democratic governance.
Download or read book American Value written by David Pedersen and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-01-16 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past half-century, El Salvador has transformed dramatically. Historically reliant on primary exports like coffee and cotton, the country emerged from a brutal civil war in 1992 to find much of its national income now coming from a massive emigrant workforce—over a quarter of its population—that earns money in the United States and sends it home. In American Value, David Pedersen examines this new way of life as it extends across two places: Intipucá, a Salvadoran town infamous for its remittance wealth, and the Washington, DC, metro area, home to the second largest population of Salvadorans in the United States. Pedersen charts El Salvador’s change alongside American deindustrialization, viewing the Salvadoran migrant work abilities used in new lowwage American service jobs as a kind of primary export, and shows how the latest social conditions linking both countries are part of a longer history of disparity across the Americas. Drawing on the work of Charles S. Peirce, he demonstrates how the defining value forms—migrant work capacity, services, and remittances—act as signs, building a moral world by communicating their exchangeability while hiding the violence and exploitation on which this story rests. Theoretically sophisticated, ethnographically rich, and compellingly written, American Value offers critical insights into practices that are increasingly common throughout the world.
Book Synopsis The Legacies of Liberalism by : James Mahoney
Download or read book The Legacies of Liberalism written by James Mahoney and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2003-04-01 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Barrington Moore Jr. Prize for the Best Book in Comparative and Historical Sociology from the American Sociological AssociationWinner of the Best Book Award in the Comparative Democratization Section from the American Political Science Association Despite their many similarities, Central American countries during the twentieth century were characterized by remarkably different political regimes. In a comparative analysis of Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Nicaragua, James Mahoney argues that these political differences were legacies of the nineteenth-century liberal reform period. Presenting a theory of "path dependence," Mahoney shows how choices made at crucial turning points in Central American history established certain directions of change and foreclosed others to shape long-term development. By the middle of the twentieth century, three types of political regimes characterized the five nations considered in this study: military-authoritarian (Guatemala, El Salvador), liberal democratic (Costa Rica), and traditional dictatorial (Honduras, Nicaragua). As Mahoney shows, each type is the end point of choices regarding state and agrarian development made by these countries early in the nineteenth century. Applying his conclusions to present-day attempts at market creation in a neoliberal era, Mahoney warns that overzealous pursuit of market creation can have severely negative long-term political consequences. The Legacies of Liberalism presents new insight into the role of leadership in political development, the place of domestic politics in the analysis of foreign intervention, and the role of the state in the creation of early capitalism. The book offers a general theoretical framework that will be of broad interest to scholars of comparative politics and political development, and its overall argument will stir debate among historians of particular Central American countries.
Book Synopsis After the Revolution by : Ilja A. Luciak
Download or read book After the Revolution written by Ilja A. Luciak and published by JHUP. This book was released on 2001-09-04 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author shows how former guerilla women in three Central American countries made the transition from insurgents to mainstream political players in the democratization process.
Download or read book Mano Dura written by Sonja Wolf and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992, at the end of a twelve-year civil war, El Salvador was poised for a transition to democracy. Yet, after longstanding dominance by a small oligarchy that continually used violence to repress popular resistance, El Salvador’s democracy has proven to be a fragile one, as social ills (poverty chief among them) have given rise to neighborhoods where gang activity now thrives. Mano Dura examines the ways in which the ruling ARENA party used gang violence to solidify political power in the hands of the elite—culminating in draconian “iron fist” antigang policies that undermine human rights while ultimately doing little to address the roots of gang membership. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork and policy analysis, Mano Dura examines the activities of three nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that have advocated for more nuanced policies to eradicate gangs and the societal issues that are both a cause and an effect of gang proliferation. While other studies of street gangs have focused on relatively distant countries such as Colombia, Argentina, and Jamaica, Sonja Wolf’s research takes us to a country closer to the United States, where forced deportation has brought with it US gang culture. Charting the limited success of NGOs in influencing El Salvador’s security policies, the book brings to light key contextual aspects—including myopic media coverage and the ironic populist support for ARENA, despite the party’s protection of the elite at the expense of the greater society.
Book Synopsis New Centers of Global Evangelicalism in Latin America and Africa by : Stephen Offutt
Download or read book New Centers of Global Evangelicalism in Latin America and Africa written by Stephen Offutt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-02-26 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows that new centers of Christianity have taken root in the global south. Although these communities were previously poor and marginalized, Stephen Offutt illustrates that they are now socioeconomically diverse, internationally well connected, and socially engaged. Offutt argues that local and global religious social forces, as opposed to other social, economic, or political forces, are primarily responsible for these changes.
