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Microscale Study Of Drop Migration On Fibers In Coalescing Filters
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Book Synopsis Microscale Study of Drop Migration on Fibers in Coalescing Filters by : Saru Dawar
Download or read book Microscale Study of Drop Migration on Fibers in Coalescing Filters written by Saru Dawar and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The micro scale study of drop motion on fibers is significant to many industrial applications such as drop coalescence and drainage in fibrous filter media. Removal of the liquid droplets from the exhaust streams of many chemical, automotive, aeronautics, textile and health and safety industries is of vital importance. These droplets can lead to clogging of the fibrous filters during the cleaning operation. It is significant to design a self cleaning filter, whereby the liquid droplets collect on the filter and drain down onto some collecting device. This reduces the operational and cleaning cost of the filter. The underlying need for all these applications is estimation of the velocity of a drop along the fiber axis. This can be done by defining and determining the drag coefficient correlation. In this work, the drag coefficient is correlated to Reynolds and capillary numbers from experiments and models with the axial and transverse air flow conditions. The experiments are conducted for different types of fibers and using acoustic fields. Correlations to predict the probability of the motion of the drops on fibers are also developed considering the effect of acoustic fields. These correlations are unique approach to determine the velocities of the liquid drops on fibers for different fiber orientations. Very little has been published on the development of such correlations to predict drop migration on fibers which makes this work unique."--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Migration of Liquid Drops on Fibers in Nonwoven Fibrous Filters by : Saru Dawar
Download or read book Migration of Liquid Drops on Fibers in Nonwoven Fibrous Filters written by Saru Dawar and published by VDM Publishing. This book was released on 2008-05-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of liquid drop migration on fibers is significant to many industrial applications (automotive, chemical, textile) and in particular to coalescence filtration of liquid aerosols. Liquid drop migration effects the saturation of liquid in a coalescing filter and determines pressure drop. It is important to design a self cleaning filter, whereby the liquid droplets are collected by the filter and drain out of the filter. An underlying need for all these applications is a reliable method to estimate the rate of liquid motion through the filter. This can be done by defining and determining a drag coefficient for movement of liquid drops on fiber surfaces. This book provides a summary of research results to determine drag coefficient correlations from experiments and models for axial and transverse air flow conditions. The experiments are conducted for different types of fibers and include the effects of an applied acoustic field. Correlations to predict the probability of the motion are also developed considering the effect of acoustic fields. These correlations are a unique approach to determine the velocities of the liquid drops on fibers for different fiber orientations.
Book Synopsis Aerosol Droplet Migration in Fibrous Media by : Masoume Davoudi
Download or read book Aerosol Droplet Migration in Fibrous Media written by Masoume Davoudi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The motions of droplets on fibers are important to many industrial applications. In particular, the movements of drops control the performance of fibrous filters. Fibrous filters are widely used in the petrochemical industries to separate aerosol droplets from air to protect the environment and worker health. The performance of a filter medium depends on factors like fiber size, droplet, face velocity, liquid properties and gas conditions. In the operation of a fibrous filter, the droplets carried by a flowing gas are captured by the filter medium due to collisions with the fibers of the medium. Liquid droplets can deform when forces are applied and, when captured on fibers, the droplets can spread over the fiber surface, coalesce into larger drops, and can migrate within the filter as drops or as a flowing film. The movements of the drops on the fibers after they are captured require study to develop theory, correlations, and data to validate models. The overall goal of this dissertation work is to develop new generalized theory for design and manufacture of gas-liquid separation media by developing correlations for gas flow conditions and movements of liquid drops in fibrous media. These relationships will enable the design and development of the next generation of fibrous filtration/separation media with superior performance.There are four experimental tasks to achieve this goal. Experiments on droplet interactions with single fibers, crossing fibers, thin and thick mats. These experiments were conducted to study the shape and migration of drops on fibers and provide fundamental understanding and insight as to how drops attach to, move on and detach from fibers. Different liquids with different drop sizes were tested that give a range of contact angles on the fibers. Different fiber materials with different fiber diameters were evaluated that give a range of surface properties. The liquids, fibers materials and sizes, and droplet sizes were selected as those currently of interest to the filter testing community.
Book Synopsis Study of Liquid Drop Migration on Fibers and Mats Due to Liquid Flow in a Thin Slit Geometry by : Jia Fang
Download or read book Study of Liquid Drop Migration on Fibers and Mats Due to Liquid Flow in a Thin Slit Geometry written by Jia Fang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The movement of liquid drops on fibers and mats commonly occurs in fabrics used in household and commercial applications. Removal of the liquid droplets from the gas/liquid and liquid/liquid streams will be of benefit for the health of the workers, safety of the environment, and protection of equipment. For example, the presence of water in diesel fuel may lead to some problems such as plugging of fuel injectors, reduce fuel flow rate, reduce fuel lubricity, and cause corrosion of engine parts. It is better to design a self-cleaning filter, which could be used to collect the liquid droplets and drain to a collecting device. This filter has advantages of reducing the cleaning cost and extending the filter life. The quality factor is used to evaluate the performance of the filter, which is related to the separation efficiency and pressure drop. The separation efficiency is strongly related to the velocity of drops on the fibers and mats. The drag coefficient correlation is used to estimate the average velocity of drop moving on the fiber/mat surfaces. In this work, the drag coefficient is correlated to Reynolds and capillary numbers from experiments and models. The flow direction is parallel the fibers and mats. In the gas-liquid experiment, the experiments are conducted for different types of fibers and different liquids. In the liquid-liquid experiment, the experiments are conducted for water drop moving on different types of mat surfaces. Also, other correlations have been derived to estimate the minimum gas/liquid flow Reynolds numbers to initiate the drop movement on fiber and mat surfaces. Finally, when the flow direction is through the filter medium (perpendicular to the fiber mat surface), another correlation is derived to estimate the minimum flow rate to move the water droplets through the pores of the mats. These correlations are unique to determine the average velocities of the liquid drops on fiber/mat surfaces. The motion of drops on fibers and woven mats are not widely discussed in literature. Very few papers have been published on the development of such correlations to estimate the drop migration on fibers/mats which makes this work unique.
Book Synopsis Improved Performance with Layer Orientation Incorporated Pleated Media on Coalescence Filtration by : Rahul Bharadwaj
Download or read book Improved Performance with Layer Orientation Incorporated Pleated Media on Coalescence Filtration written by Rahul Bharadwaj and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental observations show fiber orientation and layer orientation in filter media effect the permeability and the separation efficiency of coalescing filters. The effects of fiber orientation have been studied by various industries including polymer, paper and textiles, to enhance their product lines. This has also been proven beneficial to the filtration industry because orientation of fibers can lead to lower pressure drop. The main objective of this work is to study the effects of layer orientations and test its performance. This technique is an alternative to using electric field for making oriented fiber media. It incorporates stacking micro fiber sheets at different angles (0,30,45,60 and 90). For capture of liquid droplets, the decrease in pressure drop obtained is offset by the decrease in capture efficiency, resulting in nearly constant quality factor regardless of fiber orientation. However, in coalescing filter media this method shows improvement in liquid drainage from the filter and can improve the quality factor from 20 to 60%. In coalescing filter media the fiber orientation can have an added benefit of reducing the liquid saturation in the filter media, which leads to an improved quality factor for the filter media and can be very useful in making self-cleaning filters. The stacking sheets can be extended to a pleated structure, which is relatively easier to construct from an industrial point of view. However, it is challenging to control the angle of the pleats during the construction of the media. Therefore varying the angle of the pleated structure with respect to the flow can surmount this problem. Another filter design is proposed which can mimic the angled pleated design by keeping the pleating angle constant (at zero degree) and changing the angle of the filter holder. Both designs have higher performance compared to a regular pleated media. Multiphase continuum equations are used to model the flow through the media to calculate the velocity and pressure profile through a pleated media to compare with the experimental results.
Book Synopsis Improving Performance and Drainage of Coalescing Filters by : Shagufta Usman Patel
Download or read book Improving Performance and Drainage of Coalescing Filters written by Shagufta Usman Patel and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pure air or gas is very critical to many industrial applications. Gas streams contain impurities in the form of solid and liquid aerosols of micron and submicron sizes. It is very important to remove these aerosols for improving the economy and reliability of industrial processes and equipment as well as protecting our health and environment. Among different filters being used, coalescing filters are effectively used to remove liquid aerosols from gas streams and hence has numerous industrial applications. The performance of the filter affects the economy of the process. A coalescing filter captures the oil droplets and the captured liquid typically drains from the filter by action of gravity. The saturation or hold-up of liquid in the filter constricts the gas flow, increases pressure drop, and increases the operating costs of the filter. The filter loaded with liquid droplet indicates limited filter life and needs to be replaced which increases the cost of process. Filter performance and filter life can be improved if the liquid saturation is reduced without reduction in capture efficiency. In this research work filter media are modified with drainage structures to reduce saturation and to reduce drag resistance. The media are tested in horizontal and vertical orientations to determine whether their orientation with gravity influences the performance. The experimental results show that with no drainage channels the media oriented with flow vertically downward operates the best whereas with drainage channels the horizontally oriented media had the best performance. The results also show filter geometries developed by embedding low surface energy woven drainage channels at 45 degree downward angles have the overall best performance. Adding nanofibers to improve the performance of the filter media is an effective way of improving filter media's capture efficiency with moderate increase in pressure drop. Nanofiber augmented filter media indicated higher pressure drop but when the drainage channels are incorporated in the filter, the increase in the pressure drop is significantly low. The pressure drop increase will be significant for a nanofiber augmented filter media without the drainage channels. Filter geometries developed by incorporating drainage channels at downward angles indicate significantly low pressure drop, the drainage channels create a path of lower resistance and hence maximum flow goes through the drainage channel improving the filter performance and drainage. This research work allows to develop cost effective filter geometries which will significantly increase filter performance as compared to the glass fiber filter media which are commonly used in the industry.
Book Synopsis Modelling Micro-scale Coalescence and Transport Processes in Liquid Aerosol Filtration by : Mead-Hunter Ryan
Download or read book Modelling Micro-scale Coalescence and Transport Processes in Liquid Aerosol Filtration written by Mead-Hunter Ryan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has examined the physico-chemical properties of coalescing filters on a micro-scale, considering them as either a capillary system or a fibre-droplet system. This work has developed a validated theoretical model for droplet-fibe forces in both phillic and phobic systems and a computational fluid dynamics solver for droplet-fibre systems. This work will significantly improve the design and optimisation of coalescing filter systems.
Book Synopsis Measuring Vulnerability to Natural Hazards by : Birkmann
Download or read book Measuring Vulnerability to Natural Hazards written by Birkmann and published by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measuring Vulnerability to Natural Hazards presents a broad range of current approaches to measuring vulnerability. It provides a comprehensive overview of different concepts at the global, regional, national, and local levels, and explores various schools of thought. More than 40 distinguished academics and practitioners analyse quantitative and qualitative approaches, and examine their strengths and limitations. This book contains concrete experiences and examples from Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe to illustrate the theoretical analyses.The authors provide answers to some of the key questions on how to measure vulnerability and they draw attention to issues with insufficient coverage, such as the environmental and institutional dimensions of vulnerability and methods to combine different methodologies.This book is a unique compilation of state-of-the-art vulnerability assessment and is essential reading for academics, students, policy makers, practitioners, and anybody else interested in understanding the fundamentals of measuring vulnerability. It is a critical review that provides important conclusions which can serve as an orientation for future research towards more disaster resilient communities.
Download or read book Flowing Matter written by Federico Toschi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, published in the Soft and Biological Matter series, presents an introduction to selected research topics in the broad field of flowing matter, including the dynamics of fluids with a complex internal structure -from nematic fluids to soft glasses- as well as active matter and turbulent phenomena. Flowing matter is a subject at the crossroads between physics, mathematics, chemistry, engineering, biology and earth sciences, and relies on a multidisciplinary approach to describe the emergence of the macroscopic behaviours in a system from the coordinated dynamics of its microscopic constituents. Depending on the microscopic interactions, an assembly of molecules or of mesoscopic particles can flow like a simple Newtonian fluid, deform elastically like a solid or behave in a complex manner. When the internal constituents are active, as for biological entities, one generally observes complex large-scale collective motions. Phenomenology is further complicated by the invariable tendency of fluids to display chaos at the large scales or when stirred strongly enough. This volume presents several research topics that address these phenomena encompassing the traditional micro-, meso-, and macro-scales descriptions, and contributes to our understanding of the fundamentals of flowing matter. This book is the legacy of the COST Action MP1305 “Flowing Matter”.
Book Synopsis Aerosol Filtration by : Dominique Thomas
Download or read book Aerosol Filtration written by Dominique Thomas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filtration of aerosols is omnipresent in our daily lives, in areas as diverse as health, the protection of people and the environment, and air treatment inside buildings. However, the collection of particles within a filter media is not, contrary to popular belief, linked to a simple screen effect. The phenomena involved are much more complex and require the consideration of aerosol interactions, filter media and process conditions to select the best fiber filter for a given application. Aerosol Filtration, book for students, hygiene or process engineers, fibrous media manufacturers, designers, and filtration system suppliers or users addresses the filtration of aerosols in six chapters. These chapters cover physics and aerosol characterization, the fibrous media, and efficiency and filter clogging by solid or liquid aerosols, with special attention to the filtration of the nanoparticles. - Analyses the behavior of fibrous media against solid and liquid aerosols - Presents models of efficiency and pressure drop - Introduces computing elements for estimating the lifetime of filters - Provides guidance for designing filters and predicting their behavior over time
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science by : John Gunn
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science written by John Gunn and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 1971 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science contains 350 alphabetically arranged entries. The topics include cave and karst geoscience, cave archaeology and human use of caves, art in caves, hydrology and groundwater, cave and karst history, and conservation and management. The Encyclopedia is extensively illustrated with photographs, maps, diagrams, and tables, and has thematic content lists and a comprehensive index to facilitate searching and browsing.
Book Synopsis Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy by : Frances M. Ross
Download or read book Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy written by Frances M. Ross and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2.6.2 Electrodes for Electrochemistry
Book Synopsis Shell Bitumen Handbook by : Robert Hunter
Download or read book Shell Bitumen Handbook written by Robert Hunter and published by ICE Publishing. This book was released on 2015-01-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shell has been at the forefront of bitumen technology for over 90 years, and continues to play a leading role in global bitumen research and development. The Shell Bitumen Handbook is an authoritative source of information on bitumen use in road pavements around the world.
Book Synopsis Climate Leviathan by : Joel Wainwright
Download or read book Climate Leviathan written by Joel Wainwright and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2018-02-13 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: **Winner of the 2019 Sussex International Theory Prize** -- How climate change will affect our political theory - for better and worse Despite the science and the summits, leading capitalist states have not achieved anything close to an adequate level of carbon mitigation. There is now simply no way to prevent the planet breaching the threshold of two degrees Celsius set by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. What are the likely political and economic outcomes of this? Where is the overheating world heading? To further the struggle for climate justice, we need to have some idea how the existing global order is likely to adjust to a rapidly changing environment. Climate Leviathan provides a radical way of thinking about the intensifying challenges to the global order. Drawing on a wide range of political thought, Joel Wainwright and Geoff Mann argue that rapid climate change will transform the world's political economy and the fundamental political arrangements most people take for granted. The result will be a capitalist planetary sovereignty, a terrifying eventuality that makes the construction of viable, radical alternatives truly imperative.
Book Synopsis Continuum Scale Simulation of Engineering Materials by : Dierk Raabe
Download or read book Continuum Scale Simulation of Engineering Materials written by Dierk Raabe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 885 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fills a gap by presenting our current knowledge and understanding of continuum-based concepts behind computational methods used for microstructure and process simulation of engineering materials above the atomic scale. The volume provides an excellent overview on the different methods, comparing the different methods in terms of their respective particular weaknesses and advantages. This trains readers to identify appropriate approaches to the new challenges that emerge every day in this exciting domain. Divided into three main parts, the first is a basic overview covering fundamental key methods in the field of continuum scale materials simulation. The second one then goes on to look at applications of these methods to the prediction of microstructures, dealing with explicit simulation examples, while the third part discusses example applications in the field of process simulation. By presenting a spectrum of different computational approaches to materials, the book aims to initiate the development of corresponding virtual laboratories in the industry in which these methods are exploited. As such, it addresses graduates and undergraduates, lecturers, materials scientists and engineers, physicists, biologists, chemists, mathematicians, and mechanical engineers.
Download or read book The Mechanical World written by and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Wind Power by : Rupp Carriveau
Download or read book Advances in Wind Power written by Rupp Carriveau and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-11-21 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's wind energy industry is at a crossroads. Global economic instability has threatened or eliminated many financial incentives that have been important to the development of specific markets. Now more than ever, this essential element of the world energy mosaic will require innovative research and strategic collaborations to bolster the industry as it moves forward. This text details topics fundamental to the efficient operation of modern commercial farms and highlights advanced research that will enable next-generation wind energy technologies. The book is organized into three sections, Inflow and Wake Influences on Turbine Performance, Turbine Structural Response, and Power Conversion, Control and Integration. In addition to fundamental concepts, the reader will be exposed to comprehensive treatments of topics like wake dynamics, analysis of complex turbine blades, and power electronics in small-scale wind turbine systems.
