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Micrornas In Malignant Tumors Of The Skin
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Book Synopsis MicroRNAs in malignant tumors of the skin by : Michael Sand
Download or read book MicroRNAs in malignant tumors of the skin written by Michael Sand and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-30 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michael Sand gives the reader an overview of current techniques in expression profiling of miRNAs and their maturation machinery in the skin. This book is a postdoctoral thesis on miRNAs in cutaneous malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer with a focus on the miRNA processing machinery and miRNA expression profiling. The research presented in this book was performed in the Dermatologic Surgery Section at the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany and gives the reader an overview of current techniques in expression profiling of miRNAs and their maturation machinery in the skin.
Book Synopsis MicroRNAs in Cancer by : César López-Camarillo
Download or read book MicroRNAs in Cancer written by César López-Camarillo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNA (miRNA) biology is a cutting-edge topic in basic as well as biomedical research. This is a specialized book focusing on the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of diverse types of cancer. It also reviews their potential for applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets as well as the potential use in translational medicine. Chapters present comprehensive and expert perspectives on the roles of miRNAs in most common cancers from bench to bedside applications and are written by an international team of renowned experts in the field.
Book Synopsis Microrna-193B Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Malignant Melanoma by : Jiamin Chen
Download or read book Microrna-193B Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Malignant Melanoma written by Jiamin Chen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cutaneous melanoma is an increasingly common skin cancer characterized by aggressive metastatic growth and poor prognosis. The mechanisms behind melanoma progression are not fully understood, but emerging evidence suggests that a group of newly discovered small regulatory RNAs, named microRNAs (miRNAs), plays an important role. miRNAs are ~ 22 nucleotide single strand non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to mRNA degradation and translation inhibition. Abnormal expression of miRNAs has been observed in human malignancies and is associated with tumorigenesis. The main goals of this thesis are to investigate miRNA dysregulation in melanoma and to identify potential miRNAs involved in melanoma pathogenesis. Initially, the expression of 470 miRNAs was profiled in 8 metastatic melanoma and 8 benign nevus tissue samples. We discovered unique miRNA expression profiles and identified differentially expressed miRNAs in melanomas as compared to nevi. miR-193b was one of the most significantly downregulated miRNAs in melanoma, and its function and regulatory targets were unknown. Subsequently, in vitro functional studies revealed that ectopic expression of miR-193b in melanoma cells drastically repressed cell proliferation and migration. Although it does not directly induce apoptosis in melanoma cells, miR-193b does sensitize these cells to ABT-737-mediated cell death. In concert with functional studies, gene expression analysis and in silico target prediction were performed to globally screen for mRNA targets of miR-193b. We identified eighteen genes as candidates in that they were downregulated by miR-193b and contained predicted miR-193b binding sites. Based on their known biological functions, three genes were particularly interesting: cyclin D1 (CCND1), myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1), and stathmin 1 (STMN1). CCND1 and Mcl-1 are two well-known melanoma oncogenes, and we validated their role in cell proliferation and apoptosis respectively. Furthermore, using similar approach, we were the first to identify STMN1 as a novel melanoma oncogene. We demonstrated that CCND1, Mcl-1, and STMN1 were directly regulated by miR-193b. During melanoma progression, reduced expression of miR-193b may promote cell proliferation, migration and survival. Taken together, this thesis describes the dysregulation of miRNAs in melanoma and demonstrates that miR-193b functions as a tumor suppressor.
Book Synopsis MicroRNA-130a: a Tumor Suppressive MiRNA in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by : Warangkana Lohcharoenkal
Download or read book MicroRNA-130a: a Tumor Suppressive MiRNA in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by Warangkana Lohcharoenkal and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) is a malignant neoplasm of the skin resulting from the accumulation of somatic mutations due to solar radiation. It is one of the fastest increasing malignancies in Sweden and represents a particular problem among immunosuppressed individuals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein-coding genes at the posttranscriptional level. Global analysis of miRNA expression in human cSCC identified miR-130a as one of the miRNAs that downregulated in cSCC and in this study we investigated its function in the disease in in vitro and in vivo disease models. The decreased expression of miR-130a in cSCCs was confirmed by qPCR and LNA in situ hybridization. We found that the expression of miR-130a is regulated by HRas proto-oncogene. To address the role of miR-130a in vivo, we engineered a stable miR-130a cSCC cell line via lentiviral transduction and performed tumor xenograft experiments by injecting miR-130a-overexpressing cells into immunodeficient mice subcutaneously. We observed that miR-130a suppressed cancer growth on mice from 4 weeks after injection and onwards significantly. The tumors were harvested at week 6 and we observed that tumors formed by miR-130a-overexpressing SCC cells weighed significantly less compared with controls. We investigated the function of miR-130a in cSCC and found that ectopic overexpression of miR-130a in two different SCC cell lines (A431 and UT-SCC-7) resulted in the suppression of their self-renewal capacity as determined by colony formation and sphere formation assay. MiR-130a also inhibited cell motility of SCC cells as demonstrated by scratch- and Transwell migration assays as well as invasion capacity through Matrigel in Transwell invasion assays. Mechanistically, we verified ACVR1, a TGF-u03b2 superfamily member, as a direct target of miR-130a. These results could contribute to the understanding of the molecular processes of neoplastic transformation in epidermal keratinocytes which could lead to novel therapeutic target for cSCC.
Book Synopsis MicroRNA in Cancer by : Suresh Alahari
Download or read book MicroRNA in Cancer written by Suresh Alahari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-01 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of microRNA biology is really emerging in the last couple of years. Several investigators highlighted the importance of miRNAs in cancer. Although there is so much literature on microRNAs exist, a comprehensive book is still not available. Thus this book will be a great use to the scientists in the field of cancer biology. In addition, this book will be a good source of information for undergraduate, graduate students who want to develop their research careers in cancer biology.
Book Synopsis MicroRNAs in Development and Cancer by : Frank J. Slack
Download or read book MicroRNAs in Development and Cancer written by Frank J. Slack and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNAs have recently emerged as key regulators of gene expression during development and are frequently misexpressed in human disease states, in particular cancer. These 22-nucleotide-long transcripts act to promote or repress cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis during development, all of which are processes that go awry in cancer. Thus, microRNAs have the ability to behave like oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In addition, their small size and molecular properties make them amenable as targets and therapeutics in cancer treatment. This book goes into detail on how microRNAs represent a paradigm shift in thinking about gene regulation during development and disease, and provide the oncologist with a potentially powerful new battery of agents to diagnose and treat cancer.
Book Synopsis MicroRNAs in Cancer Translational Research by : William C.S. Cho
Download or read book MicroRNAs in Cancer Translational Research written by William C.S. Cho and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-25 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNA (miRNA) is a cutting-edge topic in the scientific and medical fields. This is a timely and specialized book focusing on the current understanding of miRNAs and the potential for their application in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets. It also provides discussion of the lessons learned from translational miRNA studies and exploration of the next steps required to advance this field. The unique book comprises 22 in-depth chapters by gathering unparalleled topics of interest in miRNAs by international team of world-renowned experts in the field. The first fifteen chapters provide comprehensive and expert perspectives on the most common cancers from bench to bedside applications, there is no current book structured in this cancer-oriented way. The next seven chapters providing thorough overviews of miRNAs and cancer stem cells; miRNAs in cancer invasion and metastasis; miRNAs in predicting radiotherapy and chemotherapy response; as well as expounding the role of miRNA in anti-cancer drug resistance and as blood-based cancer biomarkers. Furthermore, this book explicates the interplay of miRNAs in cancer metabolism and an update on the pioneering RNAi-based treatment approaches is also presented. This specialized book will contribute great to the scientific and medical community by providing the up-to-date discoveries of miRNAs and their important roles in cancer translational research.
Book Synopsis MicroRNA Cancer Regulation by : Ulf Schmitz
Download or read book MicroRNA Cancer Regulation written by Ulf Schmitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-03 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited reflects the current state of knowledge about the role of microRNAs in the formation and progression of solid tumours. The main focus lies on computational methods and applications, together with cutting edge experimental techniques that are used to approach all aspects of microRNA regulation in cancer. We are sure that the emergence of high-throughput quantitative techniques will make this integrative approach absolutely necessary in the near future. This book will be a resource for researchers starting out with cancer microRNA research, but is also intended for the experienced researcher who wants to incorporate concepts and tools from systems biology and bioinformatics into his work. Bioinformaticians and modellers are provided with a general perspective on microRNA biology in cancer, and the state-of-the-art in computational microRNA biology.
Book Synopsis Role of MicroRNAs in Cancers by : DKV Prasad
Download or read book Role of MicroRNAs in Cancers written by DKV Prasad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-07 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the potential roles of miRNA as a crucial regulator in cancer biology. It examines the regulation of drug resistance by miRNAs in cancers and the mechanism of their deregulated expression. The book discusses the role and molecular mechanism of miRNA in regulating cellular proliferation and cell cycle. It analyses circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. It also analyzes the role of miRNA as a modulator of the development and function of tumor-associated immune cells. It explores the cross-talk between miRNA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pathogenesis, cancer therapeutic tolerance, and resistance. It provides insights into the role of miRNA in cancer angiogenesis, metastasis and describes strategies and associated challenges of miRNA-based therapies.
Book Synopsis The Role of MicroRNA-340 in the Development and Progression of Melanoma by : Ashley M. Poenitzsch Strong
Download or read book The Role of MicroRNA-340 in the Development and Progression of Melanoma written by Ashley M. Poenitzsch Strong and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Melanoma is responsible for only 4% of skin cancer diagnoses, however 80% of skin cancer deaths are attributed to melanoma annually [1]. microRNA (miRNA)-dependent regulation of gene expression is increasingly linked to development and progression of melanoma. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of a gene network by individual miRNAs remain uncharacterized. Elucidating the roles gene regulatory networks play in cellular biology is critical for understanding diseases and developing treatment options. Understanding how miRNAs function remains to be fully determined. To this end, a pathway-specific miRNA function model is explored to further conceptualize miRNA regulatory networks. In this regulatory paradigm, the focus is centered around the simultaneous miRNA-dependent regulation of multiple components from numerous pathways, highlighting the complex effects miRNAs impart on cellular biology and function. A key hypothesis for this project was miR-340 functions as a tumor suppressor in melanoma by inhibiting key oncogenic pathways through its pleiotropic effects on multiple components of these networks. The results discussed here demonstrate miR-340 inhibits the tumorigenic phenotype in melanoma cells. Data presented also establish miR-340 regulates RAS-RAF-Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling by modulating the expression of multiple components of this pathway, highlighting a pathway-specific miRNA regulatory role. microRNA IFAST (miFAST, pronounced "my-fast"), a novel efficient method for the characterization of miRNA direct target networks is presented. Data from miFAST experiments demonstrate several mRNAs, most from the RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway, are directly targeted by miR-340. Given the importance of MAPK signaling in melanoma, these results provide further insight into the pathogenesis of this cancer. Overall, the data discussed here characterized and established a novel gene regulatory paradigm for miR-340 in melanoma, e.g. a pathway-specific miRNA targetome
Book Synopsis Assessment of the Expression and Function of MicroRNAs and Their Target Genes in Unique Presentations of Melanoma by : Mallory J. DiVincenzo
Download or read book Assessment of the Expression and Function of MicroRNAs and Their Target Genes in Unique Presentations of Melanoma written by Mallory J. DiVincenzo and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As one of the top causes of cancer in the United States and the leading cause of skin cancer related death, melanoma has been the focus of extensive research in recent years. Such efforts have resulted in remarkable progress in identifying mediators of melanoma oncogenesis and resistance to therapy, prognostication, diagnosis, and management of melanoma patients. However, the translation of these innovations to less common presentations of melanoma, such as ulcerated cutaneous melanoma and vulvovaginal melanoma, which characteristically have a significantly reduced prognosis, has been limited. Thus, additional studies to identify the molecular mediators contributing to aggressive biologic behavior observed with ulcerated cutaneous melanoma and melanomas originating from gynecologic sites are needed. microRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules that function to inhibit the expression of specific target genes. Through this action microRNAs can function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes in cancer. Patterns of microRNA expression in ulcerated cutaneous melanoma are not well defined, and have not been examined in melanomas originating from gynecologic sites. We hypothesized unique patterns of microRNA expression occur with each of these presentations of melanoma that inversely correlate with the expression of microRNA target genes. Using the Nanostring platform the microRNA and mRNA expression patterns in ulcerated melanomas, vaginal melanomas, and vulvar melanomas were characterized. This resulted in identification of 24 differentially expressed microRNAs (p
Book Synopsis MicroRNAs: Key Regulators of Oncogenesis by : Sadegh Babashah
Download or read book MicroRNAs: Key Regulators of Oncogenesis written by Sadegh Babashah and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aberrant expression and function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer have added a new layer of complexity to the understanding of development and progression of the disease state. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs have a crucial function in oncogenesis by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The expression signatures of miRNAs provide exciting opportunities in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of cancer. Since miRNAs can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in oncogenesis, the potential of using these small RNAs as therapeutic targets opens up new opportunities for cancer therapy by either inhibiting or augmenting their activity.
Book Synopsis The origin, function and diagnostic potential of extracellular microRNA in human body fluids by : Andrey Turchinovich
Download or read book The origin, function and diagnostic potential of extracellular microRNA in human body fluids written by Andrey Turchinovich and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-07-28 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Short non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in living cells. In recent years, miRNAs have been found in a wide spectrum of mammalian body fluids including blood plasma, saliva, urine, milk, seminal plasma, tears and amniotic fluid as extracellular circulating nuclease-resistant entities. The changes in miRNA spectra observed in certain fluids correlated with various pathological conditions suggesting that extracellular miRNAs can serve as informative biomarkers for certain diseases including cancer. However, the mechanism of generation and a biological role of extracellular miRNAs remain unclear. The current theories regarding extracellular miRNA origin and function suggest that these miRNAs can be either non-specific ‘by-products’ of cellular activity and cell death or specifically released cell-cell signaling messengers. The goal of this Research Topic is to bring together up-to-date knowledge about the extracellular miRNA and its role in disease diagnostics and, possibly, inter-cellular communication.
Book Synopsis MicroRNA as Biomarkers in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy by : Lorenzo F. Sempere
Download or read book MicroRNA as Biomarkers in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy written by Lorenzo F. Sempere and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue MicroRNA as Biomarkers in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy that was published in IJMS
Book Synopsis MicroRNA Expression Patterns in TPL2 Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by : Laura Rose Purkey
Download or read book MicroRNA Expression Patterns in TPL2 Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by Laura Rose Purkey and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skin cancer remains the most common type of cancer in the world, and of skin cancers, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common. cSCC derives from a mutated cell type in the outermost layer of the skin called keratinocytes. In this shift from normal to mutated keratinocytes, the tumor suppressor gene Tpl2 plays a large molecular role. In cSCC, there is an activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in the MAPK pathway, a cell signaling path that regulates signals involved in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and inflammation. Research demonstrates that Tpl2 knockout mouse models (Tpl2 -/-) are more prone to developing cSCC than wildtype models (Tpl2 +/+). Tpl2 -/- keratinocytes exhibit the same upregulated activation of RTKs in MAPK as observed in cSCC, even at a baseline, though the reason for this is unknown. miRNAs, capable of downregulating protein expression, and dysregulated in many cancers, were considered as a possible reason.Specific miRNAs have been shown to regulate a family of receptors in MAPK called ERBB in breast cancer, but their role in cSCC is less studied. Therefore, it was hypothesized that miRNAs 7, 21, 205, and 125 could be differentially expressed between Tpl2 +/+ and Tpl2 -/- keratinocytes, and thus, involved in RTK upregulation in Tpl2 -/-. To study this, Tpl2 +/+ and Tpl2 -/- keratinocytes were isolated, RT-qPCR was utilized to assess miRNA abundance, and western blotting to quantify protein levels of RTKs. It was found that miR205 and miR21 are upregulated in Tpl2 -/- untreated keratinocytes. miR21's upregulation was expected, but its role as an oncomiR should be further investigated. miR205's upregulation was unexpected but could be explained by expression patterns in cSCC tumor samples in conjunction with Tpl2 baseline keratinocytes. It does not seem that these miRNAs are responsible for RTK activation, therefore, investigating Tpl2 -/- protein stability could be a potential future direction.
Book Synopsis MicroRNA Targeted Cancer Therapy by : Fazlul H. Sarkar
Download or read book MicroRNA Targeted Cancer Therapy written by Fazlul H. Sarkar and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) some twenty years ago by Victor Ambros, David Baulcombe and Gary Ruvkun, these three scientists worked to uncover the mystery of miRNA, the small segments of nucleotides that silence genes. While studying the development of the nematode worm, Ambros and Ruvkun discovered miRNA in animals, while Baulcombe discovered it in plants. Since their discovery, it took more than two decade to fully appreciate the value of miRNA in human health and diseases. Emerging evidence suggest that the activation of oncogenes and/or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes contribute to the development and progression of tumors. The regulation of genes is by far controlled by many transcription factors which are often deregulated during the development and progression of cancer. In addition, emerging evidence clearly suggests that the deregulation of miRNAs or small non-coding RNAs could also regulate the expression of genes and likewise, miRNA genes are also regulated by transcription factors. The most attractive feature of miRNAs is that one miRNA can regulate many target genes (mRNAs) and thus miRNA targeted therapy is highly promising because multiple genes could be regulated by targeting a single miRNA, which becomes very important for the killing of highly heterogeneous populations of cancer cells within a tumor mass. Therefore, miRNA targeted therapy is an attractive attribute of miRNA research, which is covered through eighteen chapters complied in this book “MicroRNA targeted Cancer therapy” and it is hoped that the field of miRNA research will be appreciated through critical reading of these chapters on the cutting-edge research on miRNAs.
Book Synopsis Histological Diagnosis of Nevi and Melanoma by : Guido Massi
Download or read book Histological Diagnosis of Nevi and Melanoma written by Guido Massi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-16 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interpretation of melanocytic tumors represents probably the most difficult task in the field of dermatopathology. The second edition of this text and atlas depicts a broad range of the most important and most challenging melanocytic lesions. Each individual case is illustrated with at least three high-quality color photographs and is commented on at length, highlighting the diagnostic clues. The goal of the authors is to assist the ordinary pathologist in making a precise workable diagnosis in their daily practice. They achieve this by providing simple criteria that will serve as a sound basis for an unequivocal diagnosis of either a benign or a malignant melanocytic neoplasm. The reader will find Histological Diagnosis of Nevi and Melanoma to be an invaluable guide to correct diagnosis even in difficult or rare cases.
