Metal Air Batteries

Download Metal Air Batteries full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Metal Air Batteries ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Metal-Air Batteries

Author : Xin-bo Zhang
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527342796
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal-Air Batteries by : Xin-bo Zhang

Download or read book Metal-Air Batteries written by Xin-bo Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-02-11 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the research developments in the burgeoning field of metal-air batteries An innovation in battery science and technology is necessary to build better power sources for our modern lifestyle needs. One of the main fields being explored for the possible breakthrough is the development of metal-air batteries. Metal-Air Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications offers a systematic summary of the fundamentals of the technology and explores the most recent advances in the applications of metal-air batteries. Comprehensive in scope, the text explains the basics in electrochemical batteries and introduces various species of metal-air batteries. The author-a noted expert in the field-explores the development of metal-air batteries in the order of Li-air battery, sodium-air battery, zinc-air battery and Mg-O2 battery, with the focus on the Li-air battery. The text also addresses topics such as metallic anode, discharge products, parasitic reactions, electrocatalysts, mediator, and X-ray diffraction study in Li-air battery. Metal-Air Batteries provides a summary of future perspectives in the field of the metal-air batteries. This important resource: -Covers various species of metal-air batteries and their components as well as system designation -Contains groundbreaking content that reviews recent advances in the field of metal-air batteries -Focuses on the battery systems which have the greatest potential for renewable energy storage Written for electrochemists, physical chemists, materials scientists, professionals in the electrotechnical industry, engineers in power technology, Metal-Air Batteries offers a review of the fundamentals and the most recent developments in the area of metal-air batteries.

Electrochemical Energy Storage

Author : Jean-Marie Tarascon
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118998146
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Electrochemical Energy Storage by : Jean-Marie Tarascon

Download or read book Electrochemical Energy Storage written by Jean-Marie Tarascon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-23 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrochemical storage of energy has become essential in assisting the development of electrical transport and use of renewable energies. French researchers have played a key role in this domain but Asia is currently the market leader. Not wanting to see history repeat itself, France created the research network on electrochemical energy storage (RS2E) in 2011. This book discusses the launch of RS2E, its stakeholders, objectives, and integrated structure that assures a continuum between basic research, technological research and industries. Here, the authors will cover the technological advances as well as the challenges that must still be resolved in the field of electrochemical storage, taking into account sustainable development and the limited time available to us.

Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources

Author : Jürgen Garche
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0444527451
Total Pages : 4532 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources by : Jürgen Garche

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources written by Jürgen Garche and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 4532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources is a truly interdisciplinary reference for those working with batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, supercapacitors, and photo-electrochemical cells. With a focus on the environmental and economic impact of electrochemical power sources, this five-volume work consolidates coverage of the field and serves as an entry point to the literature for professionals and students alike. Covers the main types of power sources, including their operating principles, systems, materials, and applications Serves as a primary source of information for electrochemists, materials scientists, energy technologists, and engineers Incorporates nearly 350 articles, with timely coverage of such topics as environmental and sustainability considerations

Electrochemical Power Sources: Fundamentals, Systems, and Applications

Author : Hajime Arai
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444643346
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Electrochemical Power Sources: Fundamentals, Systems, and Applications by : Hajime Arai

Download or read book Electrochemical Power Sources: Fundamentals, Systems, and Applications written by Hajime Arai and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-10-10 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal-air is a promising battery system that uses inexpensive metals for its negative electrode while unlimited, free and non-toxic oxygen is used for its positive electrode, however, only primary systems have been commercialized so far. Electrochemical Power Sources: Fundamentals, Systems, and Applications – Metal–Air Batteries: Present and Perspectives offers a comprehensive understanding of metal-air batteries as well as the solutions to the issues for overcoming the related difficulties of the secondary (rechargeable) system. Although metal-air batteries are widely studied as low-cost high-energy systems, their commercialization is limited to primary ones due to currently limited cycle life and insufficient reliability. For realization of the secondary systems, this book offers comprehensive understanding of metal-air batteries, including the details of both electrodes, electrolyte, cell/system, modelling and applications. Electrochemical Power Sources: Fundamentals, Systems, and Applications – Metal–Air Batteries: Present and Perspectives provides researchers, instructors, and students in electrochemistry, material science and environmental science; industry workers in cell manufacturing; and government officials in energy, environmental, power supply, and transportation with a valuable resource covering the most important topics of metal-air batteries and their uses. - Outlines the general characteristics of metal-air compared with conventional batteries - Offers a comprehensive understanding of various metal-air, featuring zinc, and lithium - Contains comparisons and issues among various metal-air batteries and research efforts to solve them - Includes applications and market prospects

Zinc Batteries

Author : Rajender Boddula
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119661897
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Zinc Batteries by : Rajender Boddula

Download or read book Zinc Batteries written by Rajender Boddula and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Battery technology is constantly changing, and the concepts and applications of these changes are rapidly becoming increasingly more important as more and more industries and individuals continue to make “greener” choices in their energy sources. As global dependence on fossil fuels slowly wanes, there is a heavier and heavier importance placed on cleaner power sources and methods for storing and transporting that power. Battery technology is a huge part of this global energy revolution. Zinc batteries are an advantageous choice over lithium-based batteries, which have dominated the market for years in multiple areas, most specifically in electric vehicles and other battery-powered devices. Zinc is the fourth most abundant metal in the world, which is influential in its lower cost, making it a very attractive material for use in batteries. Zinc-based batteries have been around since the 1930s, but only now are they taking center stage in the energy, automotive, and other industries. Zinc Batteries: Basics, Developments, and Applicationsis intended as a discussion of the different zinc batteries for energy storage applications. It also provides an in-depth description of various energy storage materials for Zinc (Zn) batteries. This book is an invaluable reference guide for electrochemists, chemical engineers, students, faculty, and R&D professionals in energy storage science, material science, and renewable energy.

Metal Oxide-Based Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers, and Metal-Air Batteries

Author : Teko Napporn
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128184973
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal Oxide-Based Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers, and Metal-Air Batteries by : Teko Napporn

Download or read book Metal Oxide-Based Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers, and Metal-Air Batteries written by Teko Napporn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-01-30 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxide-Based Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers, and Metal-Air Batteries is a comprehensive book summarizing the recent overview of these new materials developed to date. The book is motivated by research that focuses on the reduction of noble metal content in catalysts to reduce the cost associated to the entire system. Metal oxides gained significant interest in heterogeneous catalysis for basic research and industrial deployment. Metal Oxide-Based Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers, and Metal-Air Batteries puts these opportunities and challenges into a broad context, discusses the recent researches and technological advances, and finally provides several pathways and guidelines that could inspire the development of ground-breaking electrochemical devices for energy production or storage. Its primary focus is how materials development is an important approach to produce electricity for key applications such as automotive and industrial. The book is appropriate for those working in academia and R&D in the disciplines of materials science, chemistry, electrochemistry, and engineering. - Includes key aspects of materials design to improve the performance of electrode materials for energy conversion and storage device applications - Reviews emerging metal oxide materials for hydrogen production, hydrogen oxidation, oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution - Discusses metal oxide electrocatalysts for water-splitting, metal-air batteries, electrolyzer, and fuel cell applications

Simulation of Battery Systems

Author : Farschad Torabi
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128165952
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Simulation of Battery Systems by : Farschad Torabi

Download or read book Simulation of Battery Systems written by Farschad Torabi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulation of Battery Systems: Fundamentals and Applications covers both the fundamental and technical aspects of battery systems. It is a solid reference on the simulation of battery dynamics based on fundamental governing equations of porous electrodes. Sections cover the fundamentals of electrochemistry and how to obtain electrochemical governing equations for porous electrodes, the governing equations and physical characteristics of lead-acid batteries, the physical characteristics of zinc-silver oxide batteries, experimental tests and parameters necessary for simulation and validation of battery dynamics, and an environmental impact and techno-economic assessment of battery systems for different applications, such as electric vehicles and battery energy storage. The book contains introductory information, with most chapters requiring a solid background in engineering or applied science. Battery industrial companies who want to improve their industrial batteries will also find this book useful. - Includes carefully selected in-text problems, case studies and illustrative examples - Features representative chapter-end problems, along with practical systems and applications - Covers various numerical methods, including those based on CFD and optimization, also including free codes and databases

Metal-Air and Metal-Sulfur Batteries

Author : Vladimir Neburchilov
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482258544
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal-Air and Metal-Sulfur Batteries by : Vladimir Neburchilov

Download or read book Metal-Air and Metal-Sulfur Batteries written by Vladimir Neburchilov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal–air and metal–sulfur batteries (MABs/MSBs) represent one of the most efficient-energy storage technologies, with high round trip efficiency, a long life cycle, fast response at peak demand/supply of electricity, and decreased weight due to the use of atmospheric oxygen as one of the main reactants. This book presents an overview of the main MABs/MSBs from fundamentals to applications. Recent technological trends in their development are reviewed. It also offers a detailed analysis of these batteries at the material, component, and system levels, allowing the reader to evaluate the different approaches of their integration. The book provides a systematic overview of the components, design, and integration, and discusses current technologies, achievements, and challenges, as well as future directions. Each chapter focuses on a particular battery type including zinc–air batteries, lithium–air batteries, aluminum–air batteries, magnesium–air batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and vanadium–air redox flow batteries, and metal–sulfur batteries. Features the most recent advances made in metal–air/metal–sulfur batteries. Describes cutting-edge materials and technology for metal–air/metal–sulfur batteries. Includes both fundamentals and applications, which can be used to guide and promote materials as well as technology development for metal–air/metal–sulfur batteries. Provides a systematic overview of the components, design, and integration, and discusses current technologies, achievements, and challenges, as well as future directions. Covers a variety of battery types in depth, such as zinc–air batteries, lithium–air batteries, aluminum–air batteries, magnesium–air batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, vanadium–air redox flow batteries, and metal–sulfur batteries.

Advanced Bifunctional Electrochemical Catalysts for Metal-Air Batteries

Author : Yan-Jie Wang
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351170716
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advanced Bifunctional Electrochemical Catalysts for Metal-Air Batteries by : Yan-Jie Wang

Download or read book Advanced Bifunctional Electrochemical Catalysts for Metal-Air Batteries written by Yan-Jie Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal-air batteries (MABs) have attracted attention because of their high specific energy, low cost, and safety features. This book discusses science and technology including material selection, synthesis, characterization, and their applications in MABs. It comprehensively describes various composite bifunctional electrocatalysts, corrosion/oxidation of carbon-containing air cathode catalysts, and how improvements can be achieved in the catalytic activities of oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction and their durability/stability. This book also analyzes, compares, and discusses composite bifunctional electrocatalysts in the applications of MABs, matching the fast information of commercial MABs in requirements. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals, this comprehensive work provides readers with an appreciation for what bifunctional composite electrocatalysts are capable of, how this field has grown in the past decades, and how bifunctional composite electrocatalysts can significantly improve the performance of MABs. It also offers suggestions for future research directions to overcome technical challenges and further facilitate research and development in this important area.

Metal-air Batteries

Author : Derek P. Gregory
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal-air Batteries by : Derek P. Gregory

Download or read book Metal-air Batteries written by Derek P. Gregory and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Lithium Air Battery

Author : Nobuyuki Imanishi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489980628
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Lithium Air Battery by : Nobuyuki Imanishi

Download or read book The Lithium Air Battery written by Nobuyuki Imanishi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-10 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium air rechargeable batteries are the best candidate for a power source for electric vehicles, because of their high specific energy density. In this book, the history, scientific background, status and prospects of the lithium air system are introduced by specialists in the field. This book will contain the basics, current statuses, and prospects for new technologies. This book is ideal for those interested in electrochemistry, energy storage, and materials science.

Next Generation Batteries

Author : Kiyoshi Kanamura
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813366680
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Next Generation Batteries by : Kiyoshi Kanamura

Download or read book Next Generation Batteries written by Kiyoshi Kanamura and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the development of next-generation batteries is introduced. Included are reports of investigations to realize high energy density batteries: Li-air, Li-sulfur, and all solid-state and metal anode (Mg, Al, Zn) batteries. Sulfide and oxide solid electrolytes are also reviewed.A number of relevant aspects of all solid-state batteries with a carbon anode or Li-metal anode are discussed and described: The formation of the cathode; the interface between the cathode (anode) and electrolyte; the discharge and charge mechanisms of the Li-air battery; the electrolyte system for the Li-air battery; and cell construction. The Li-sulfur battery involves a critical problem, namely, the dissolution of intermediates of sulfur during the discharge process. Here, new electrolyte systems for the suppression of intermediate dissolution are discussed. Li-metal batteries with liquid electrolytes also present a significant problem: the dendrite formation of lithium. New separators and electrolytes are introduced to improve the safety and rechargeability of the Li-metal anode. Mg, Al, and Zn metal anodes have been also applied to rechargeable batteries, and in this book, new metal anode batteries are introduced as the generation-after-next batteries.This volume is a summary of ALCA-SPRING projects, which constitute the most extensive research for next-generation batteries in Japan. The work presented in this book is highly informative and useful not only for battery researchers but also for researchers in the fields of electric vehicles and energy storage.

Lithium Metal Anodes and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries

Author : Ji-Guang Zhang
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319440543
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Lithium Metal Anodes and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries by : Ji-Guang Zhang

Download or read book Lithium Metal Anodes and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries written by Ji-Guang Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-06 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of Lithium (Li) metal anodes for rechargeable batteries. Li is an ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries due to its extremely high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g-1), low density (0.59 g cm-3), and the lowest negative electrochemical potential (−3.040 V vs. standard hydrogenelectrodes). Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic Li growth and limited Coulombic efficiency during Li deposition/stripping inherent in these batteries have prevented their practical applications over the past 40 years. With the emergence of post Liion batteries, safe and efficient operation of Li metal anodes has become an enabling technology which may determine the fate of several promising candidates for the next generation energy storage systems, including rechargeable Li-air batteries, Li-S batteries, and Li metal batteries which utilize intercalation compounds as cathodes. In this work, various factors that affect the morphology and Coulombic efficiency of Li anodes are analyzed. The authors also present the technologies utilized to characterize the morphology of Li deposition and the results obtained by modeling of Li dendrite growth. Finally, recent developments, especially the new approaches that enable safe and efficient operation of Li metal anodes at high current densities are reviewed. The urgent need and perspectives in this field are also discussed. The fundamental understanding and approaches presented in this work will be critical for the applicationof Li metal anodes. The general principles and approaches can also be used in other metal electrodes and general electrochemical deposition of metal films.

Potassium-ion Batteries

Author : Inamuddin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119663245
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Potassium-ion Batteries by : Inamuddin

Download or read book Potassium-ion Batteries written by Inamuddin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-14 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Battery technology is constantly changing, and the concepts and applications of these changes are rapidly becoming increasingly more important as more and more industries and individuals continue to make “greener” choices in their energy sources. As global dependence on fossil fuels slowly wanes, there is a heavier and heavier importance placed on cleaner power sources and methods for storing and transporting that power. Battery technology is a huge part of this global energy revolution. Potassium-ion batteries were first introduced to the world for energy storage in 2004, over two decades after the invention of lithium-ion batteries. Potassium-ion (or “K-ion”) batteries have many advantages, including low cost, long cycle life, high energy density, safety, and reliability. Potassium-ion batteries are the potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries, fueling a new direction of energy storage research in many applications and across industries. Potassium-ion Batteries: Materials and Applications explores the concepts, mechanisms, and applications of the next-generation energy technology of potassium-ion batteries. Also included is an in-depth overview of energy storage materials and electrolytes. This is the first book on this technology and serves as a reference guide for electrochemists, chemical engineers, students, research scholars, faculty, and R&D professionals who are working in electrochemistry, solid-state science, material science, ionics, power sources, and renewable energy storage fields.

New Carbon Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems: Batteries, Supercapacitors and Fuel Cells

Author : Igor V. Barsukov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402048122
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis New Carbon Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems: Batteries, Supercapacitors and Fuel Cells by : Igor V. Barsukov

Download or read book New Carbon Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems: Batteries, Supercapacitors and Fuel Cells written by Igor V. Barsukov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-07 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews research work on electrochemical power sources in the former Warsaw Pact countries. It explores the role carbon plays in the cathodes and anodes of power sources and reveals the latest research into the development of metal air batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells and lithium-ion and lithium-ion polymer batteries. For the first time, a full chapter was devoted to metal-carbon composites as electrode materials of lithium-ion batteries

Advanced Battery Materials

Author : Chunwen Sun
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119407664
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advanced Battery Materials by : Chunwen Sun

Download or read book Advanced Battery Materials written by Chunwen Sun and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-26 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemical energy storage has played important roles in energy storage technologies for portable electronics and electric vehicle applications. During the past thirty years, great progress has been made in research and development of various batteries, in term of energy density increase and cost reduction. However, the energy density has to be further increased to achieve long endurance time. In this book, recent research and development in advanced electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices are presented, including lithium ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries and metal-air batteries, sodium ion batteries and supercapacitors. The materials involve transition metal oxides, sulfides, Si-based material as well as graphene and graphene composites.

Metal-Air and Metal-Sulfur Batteries

Author : Vladimir Neburchilov
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315355051
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal-Air and Metal-Sulfur Batteries by : Vladimir Neburchilov

Download or read book Metal-Air and Metal-Sulfur Batteries written by Vladimir Neburchilov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal–air and metal–sulfur batteries (MABs/MSBs) represent one of the most efficient-energy storage technologies, with high round trip efficiency, a long life cycle, fast response at peak demand/supply of electricity, and decreased weight due to the use of atmospheric oxygen as one of the main reactants. This book presents an overview of the main MABs/MSBs from fundamentals to applications. Recent technological trends in their development are reviewed. It also offers a detailed analysis of these batteries at the material, component, and system levels, allowing the reader to evaluate the different approaches of their integration. The book provides a systematic overview of the components, design, and integration, and discusses current technologies, achievements, and challenges, as well as future directions. Each chapter focuses on a particular battery type including zinc–air batteries, lithium–air batteries, aluminum–air batteries, magnesium–air batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and vanadium–air redox flow batteries, and metal–sulfur batteries. Features the most recent advances made in metal–air/metal–sulfur batteries. Describes cutting-edge materials and technology for metal–air/metal–sulfur batteries. Includes both fundamentals and applications, which can be used to guide and promote materials as well as technology development for metal–air/metal–sulfur batteries. Provides a systematic overview of the components, design, and integration, and discusses current technologies, achievements, and challenges, as well as future directions. Covers a variety of battery types in depth, such as zinc–air batteries, lithium–air batteries, aluminum–air batteries, magnesium–air batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, vanadium–air redox flow batteries, and metal–sulfur batteries.