Mental Logic

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Mental Logic

Author : Martin D.S. Braine
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135689164
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis Mental Logic by : Martin D.S. Braine

Download or read book Mental Logic written by Martin D.S. Braine and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1998-04-01 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, the question of whether there is a mental logic has become subject to considerable debate. There have been attacks by critics who believe that all reasoning uses mental models and return attacks on mental-models theory. This controversy has invaded various journals and has created issues between mental logic and the biases-and-heuristics approach to reasoning, and the content-dependent theorists. However, despite its pertinence to current issues in cognition, few cognitive scientists really know what the mental-logic theory is, and misapprehensions are prevalent. This volume is a comprehensive presentation of the theory of mental logic and its implications for cognition and development, including the acquisition of language. The theory offered here has three parts. Part I is the mental logic per se that contains a set of inference schemas. Part II is a reasoning program that applies the schemas in lines of reasoning, including a direct-reasoning routine and more sophisticated indirect-reasoning strategies. Part III of the theory is pragmatic, proposing that the basic meaning of each logic particle is in the inferences that are sanctioned by its inference schemas.

Intelligence, Mind, and Reasoning

Author : A. Demetriou
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008086760X
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligence, Mind, and Reasoning by : A. Demetriou

Download or read book Intelligence, Mind, and Reasoning written by A. Demetriou and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1994-03-17 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume aims to contribute to the integration of three traditions that have remained separate in psychology. Specifically, the developmental, the psychometric, and the cognitive tradition. In order to achieve this aim, the text deals with these three aspects of human knowing that have been the focus of one or more of the three traditions for many years. Answers are provided to questions such as the following: What is common to intelligence, mind, and reasoning? What is specific to each of these three aspects of human knowing? How does each of them affect the functioning and development of the other?The chapters are organized into two parts. Part I focuses on intelligence and mind and has reasoning at the background. The papers in this part present new theories and methods that systematically attempt to bridge psychometric theories of intelligence with theories of cognitive development or information processing theories. Part II focuses on mind and reasoning and has intelligence at the background. The papers in this part develop models of reasoning and attempt to show how reasoning interacts with mind and intelligence. Two discussion chapters are also included. These highlight the convergences and the divergences of the various traditions as represented in the book.

Rationality and Logic

Author : Robert Hanna
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262263114
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality and Logic by : Robert Hanna

Download or read book Rationality and Logic written by Robert Hanna and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009-01-23 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that logic is intrinsically psychological and human psychology is intrinsically logical, and that the connection between human rationality and logic is both constitutive and mutual. In Rationality and Logic, Robert Hanna argues that logic is intrinsically psychological and that human psychology is intrinsically logical. He claims that logic is cognitively constructed by rational animals (including humans) and that rational animals are essentially logical animals. In order to do so, he defends the broadly Kantian thesis that all (and only) rational animals possess an innate cognitive "logic faculty." Hanna's claims challenge the conventional philosophical wisdom that sees logic as a fully formal or "topic-neutral" science irreconcilably separate from the species- or individual-specific focus of empirical psychology.Logic and psychology went their separate ways after attacks by Frege and Husserl on logical psychologism—the explanatory reduction of logic to empirical psychology. Hanna argues, however, that—despite the fact that logical psychologism is false—there is an essential link between logic and psychology. Rational human animals constitute the basic class of cognizers or thinkers studied by cognitive psychology; given the connection between rationality and logic that Hanna claims, it follows that the nature of logic is significantly revealed to us by cognitive psychology. Hanna's proposed "logical cognitivism" has two important consequences: the recognition by logically oriented philosophers that psychologists are their colleagues in the metadiscipline of cognitive science; and radical changes in cognitive science itself. Cognitive science, Hanna argues, is not at bottom a natural science; it is both an objective or truth-oriented science and a normative human science, as is logic itself.

Reasoning and Thinking

Author : K. I. Manktelow
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780863777080
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasoning and Thinking by : K. I. Manktelow

Download or read book Reasoning and Thinking written by K. I. Manktelow and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This undergraduate textbook reviews psychological research in the major areas of reasoning and thinking: deduction, induction, hypothesis testing, probability judgement, and decision making. It also covers the major theoretical debates in each area, and devotes a chapter to one of the liveliest issues in the field: the question of human rationality. Central themes that recur throughout the book include not only rationality, but also the relation between normative theories such as logic, probability theory, and decision theory, and human performance, both in experiments and in the world outside the laboratory. No prior acquaintance with formal systems is assumed, and everyday examples are used throughout to illustrate technical and theoretical points. The book differs from others in the market firstly in the range of material covered: other tend to focus primarily on on either reasoning or thinking. It is also the first student-level text to survey an imporatant new theoretical perspective, the information-gain or rational analysis approach, and to review the rationality debate from the standpoint of psuchological research in a wide range of areas.

Psychology of Reasoning

Author : K. I. Manktelow
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9781841693101
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychology of Reasoning by : K. I. Manktelow

Download or read book Psychology of Reasoning written by K. I. Manktelow and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection brings together a set of specially commissioned chapters from leading international researchers in the psychology of reasoning. Its purpose is to explore the historical, philosophical and theoretical implications of the development of this field. Taking the unusual approach of engaging not only with empirical data but also with the ideas and concepts underpinning the psychology of reasoning, this volume has important implications both for psychologists and other students of cognition, including philosophers. Sub-fields covered include mental logic, mental models, rational analysis, social judgement theory, game theory and evolutionary theory. There are also specific chapters dedicated to the history of syllogistic reasoning, the psychology of reasoning as it operates in scientific theory and practice, Brunswickian approaches to reasoning and task environments, and the implications of Popper's philosophy for models of behaviour testing. This cross-disciplinary dialogue and the range of material covered makes this an invaluable reference for students and researchers into the psychology and philosophy of reasoning.

Mental Models

Author : Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674568822
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (688 download)

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Book Synopsis Mental Models by : Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird

Download or read book Mental Models written by Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a unified theory of the major propertries of mind, including comprehension, inference, and consciousness. The author argues that we apprehend the world by building inner mental replicas of the relationships among objects and events that concern us. The mind is essentially a model-building device that can itself be modeled on a computer. The book provides a blueprint for building such a model and numberous important illustrations of how to do it.

The Logic of Madness

Author : Matthew Blakeway
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780992796150
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (961 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Madness by : Matthew Blakeway

Download or read book The Logic of Madness written by Matthew Blakeway and published by . This book was released on 2016-04-07 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In assuming that mental illness is a mathematical problem, The Logic of Madness analyses how a human action can be deviant even when rational. It reveals that a person without a genetic or brain abnormality can have an apparent mental disorder that is entirely logical in its structure.

Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning

Author : Stephen Newstead
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134834330
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning by : Stephen Newstead

Download or read book Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning written by Stephen Newstead and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-20 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays focuses on three reasoning problems devised by Peter Wason - the selection task, the 2-4-6 task, and the THOG problem - which have had a considerable influence since their invention.; The reasons why people make so many errors in these seemingly simple tasks are still not fully understood. A variety of different theoretical perspectives have been used in trying to explain performance. These include the mental models approach, the pragmatic reasoning approach, and the mental logic approach. This book contains chapters which discuss all these theories. Other chapters review the literature or offer alternative theoretical perspectives. A final chapter by Peter Wason describes how he came to create the tasks discussed.

The Nature of Reasoning

Author : Jacqueline P. Leighton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521009287
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nature of Reasoning by : Jacqueline P. Leighton

Download or read book The Nature of Reasoning written by Jacqueline P. Leighton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are bombarded with information - press releases, television news, Internet websites, and office memos, just to name a few - on a daily basis. However, the important conclusions that may or need to be inferred from such information are typically not provided. We must draw the conclusions by ourselves. How do we draw these conclusions? This book addresses how we reason to reach sensible conclusions. The purpose of this book is to organize in one volume what is known about reasoning, such as its structural prerequisites, its mechanisms, its susceptibility to pragmatic influences, its pitfalls, and the bases for its development. Given that reasoning underlies so many of our intellectual activities - when we learn, criticize, analyze, judge, infer, evaluate, optimize, apply, discover, imagine, devise, and create - we stand to gain a great deal if we can learn to define, operate, apply, and nurture our reasoning.

The Logical Foundations of Cognition

Author : John Macnamara
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195357825
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logical Foundations of Cognition by : John Macnamara

Download or read book The Logical Foundations of Cognition written by John Macnamara and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1994-10-13 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the role of logic in cognitive psychology in light of recent developments, such as Gonzalo Reyes's new semantic theory. Chapters reveal the prospects of applying these new theories to cognitive psychology, cognitive science, linguistics, the philosophy of language and logic.

Handbook of Understanding and Measuring Intelligence

Author : Oliver Wilhelm
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 9780761928874
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (288 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Understanding and Measuring Intelligence by : Oliver Wilhelm

Download or read book Handbook of Understanding and Measuring Intelligence written by Oliver Wilhelm and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2005 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Handbook of Understanding and Measuring Intelligence distinguished scholars Oliver Wilhelm and Randall W. Engle have assembled a group of respected experts from two fields of intelligence research--cognition and methods--to summarize, review, and evaluate research in their areas of expertise. Each chapter presents the state-of-the-art in a particular domain of intelligence research, illustrating and highlighting important methodological considerations, theoretical claims, and pervasive problems in the field.

Encyclopedia of the Mind

Author : Harold Pashler
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1412950570
Total Pages : 897 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of the Mind by : Harold Pashler

Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Mind written by Harold Pashler and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2013-01-14 with total page 897 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It's hard to conceive of a topic of more broad and personal interest than the study of the mind. In addition to its traditional investigation by the disciplines of psychology, psychiatry, and neuroscience, the mind has also been a focus of study in the fields of philosophy, economics, anthropology, linguistics, computer science, molecular biology, education, and literature. In all these approaches, there is an almost universal fascination with how the mind works and how it affects our lives and our behavior. Studies of the mind and brain have crossed many exciting thresholds in recent years, and the study of mind now represents a thoroughly cross-disciplinary effort. Researchers from a wide range of disciplines seek answers to such questions as: What is mind? How does it operate? What is consciousness? This encyclopedia brings together scholars from the entire range of mind-related academic disciplines from across the arts and humanities, social sciences, life sciences, and computer science and engineering to explore the multidimensional nature of the human mind.

A Brief Text-book of Logic and Mental Philosophy

Author : Charles Coppens
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis A Brief Text-book of Logic and Mental Philosophy by : Charles Coppens

Download or read book A Brief Text-book of Logic and Mental Philosophy written by Charles Coppens and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology

Author : Ron Sun
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521674107
Total Pages : 767 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (216 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology by : Ron Sun

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology written by Ron Sun and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-04-28 with total page 767 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cutting-edge reference source for the interdisciplinary field of computational cognitive modeling.

Conditional Reasoning

Author : Raymond Nickerson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190203013
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Conditional Reasoning by : Raymond Nickerson

Download or read book Conditional Reasoning written by Raymond Nickerson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-12 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conditional reasoning is reasoning that involves statements of the sort If A (Antecedent) then C (Consequent). This type of reasoning is ubiquitous; everyone engages in it. Indeed, the ability to do so may be considered a defining human characteristic. Without this ability, human cognition would be greatly impoverished. "What-if" thinking could not occur. There would be no retrospective efforts to understand history by imagining how it could have taken a different course. Decisions that take possible contingencies into account could not be made; there could be no attempts to influence the future by selecting actions on the basis of their expected effects. Despite the commonness and importance of conditional reasoning and the considerable attention it has received from scholars, it remains the subject of much continuing debate. Unsettled questions, both normative and empirical, continue to be asked. What constitutes normative conditional reasoning? How do people engage in it? Does what people do match what would be expected of a rational agent with the abilities and limitations of human beings? If not, how does it deviate and how might people's ability to engage in it be improved? This book reviews the work of prominent psychologists and philosophers on conditional reasoning. It describes empirical research on how people deal with conditional arguments and on how conditional statements are used and interpreted in everyday communication. It examines philosophical and theoretical treatments of the mental processes that support conditional reasoning. Its extensive coverage of the subject makes it an ideal resource for students, teachers, and researchers with a focus on cognition across disciplines.

The Respective Standpoints of Psychology and Logic

Author : Mathilde Castro
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis The Respective Standpoints of Psychology and Logic by : Mathilde Castro

Download or read book The Respective Standpoints of Psychology and Logic written by Mathilde Castro and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reasoning, Rationality and Dual Processes

Author : Jonathan Evans
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134610211
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasoning, Rationality and Dual Processes by : Jonathan Evans

Download or read book Reasoning, Rationality and Dual Processes written by Jonathan Evans and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-10-30 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts themselves present career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces - extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major theoretical and practical contributions. Jonathan St B T Evans is amongst the foremost cognitive psychologists of his generation, having been influential in spearheading developments in the psychological study of reasoning from its very beginnings in the 1970s up to the present day. This volume of self-selected papers recognises Professor Evan’s major contribution to the psychological study of thinking and reasoning by bringing together his most influential and important works. Early selections in the book focus upon experimental studies of reasoning - matching bias in the Wason selection task, belief bias in syllogistic reasoning, and also seminal work on the understanding of conditional statements. The later selections include Evans’ work on more general forms of dual process and dual system theory, and his recent account of two minds in one brain. The volume also contains chapters which highlight Evans’ contribution to the topic of human rationality, and also his influence on the development of the "new paradigm" in the psychology of reasoning. The key developments in the psychology of reasoning are paralleled by those in Evans’s own intellectual history, and the book will therefore make essential reading for all researchers in the psychology of reasoning, and a wider audience of graduate and upper-level undergraduate students with an interest in reasoning and/or dual process theory.