Memory Practices In The Sciences

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Memory Practices in the Sciences

Author : Geoffrey C. Bowker
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262524899
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Memory Practices in the Sciences by : Geoffrey C. Bowker

Download or read book Memory Practices in the Sciences written by Geoffrey C. Bowker and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2008-02-15 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the way we hold knowledge about the past—in books, in file folders, in databases—affects the kind of stories we tell about the past. The way we record knowledge, and the web of technical, formal, and social practices that surrounds it, inevitably affects the knowledge that we record. The ways we hold knowledge about the past—in handwritten manuscripts, in printed books, in file folders, in databases—shape the kind of stories we tell about that past. In this lively and erudite look at the relation of our information infrastructures to our information, Geoffrey Bowker examines how, over the past two hundred years, information technology has converged with the nature and production of scientific knowledge. His story weaves a path between the social and political work of creating an explicit, indexical memory for science—the making of infrastructures—and the variety of ways we continually reconfigure, lose, and regain the past. At a time when memory is so cheap and its recording is so protean, Bowker reminds us of the centrality of what and how we choose to forget. In Memory Practices in the Sciences he looks at three "memory epochs" of the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries and their particular reconstructions and reconfigurations of scientific knowledge. The nineteenth century's central science, geology, mapped both the social and the natural world into a single time package (despite apparent discontinuities), as, in a different way, did mid-twentieth-century cybernetics. Both, Bowker argues, packaged time in ways indexed by their information technologies to permit traffic between the social and natural worlds. Today's sciences of biodiversity, meanwhile, "database the world" in a way that excludes certain spaces, entities, and times. We use the tools of the present to look at the past, says Bowker; we project onto nature our modes of organizing our own affairs.

Memory Practices and Learning

Author : Åsa Mäkitalo
Publisher : IAP
ISBN 13 : 1681236214
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (812 download)

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Book Synopsis Memory Practices and Learning by : Åsa Mäkitalo

Download or read book Memory Practices and Learning written by Åsa Mäkitalo and published by IAP. This book was released on 2017-01-01 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory and learning are seen as mental phenomena and generally studied as brain processes, for example, within various branches of psychology and neuroscience. This book represents a rather different tack, based on sociocultural theory, cultural psychology and dialogism. Authors from many different disciplines and countries study memory and learning as practices adopted by people in different interactional and institutional contexts. Studies range from detailed analyses of situated activities to broad sociohistorical studies of cultural phenomena and collective memories such as national narratives and physical symbols for commemorating events and traditions. By focusing on how people engage in remembering and learning, this book provides a necessary complement to currently popular neuroscientific approaches.

Make It Stick

Author : Peter C. Brown
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674729013
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (747 download)

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Book Synopsis Make It Stick by : Peter C. Brown

Download or read book Make It Stick written by Peter C. Brown and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-14 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To most of us, learning something "the hard way" implies wasted time and effort. Good teaching, we believe, should be creatively tailored to the different learning styles of students and should use strategies that make learning easier. Make It Stick turns fashionable ideas like these on their head. Drawing on recent discoveries in cognitive psychology and other disciplines, the authors offer concrete techniques for becoming more productive learners. Memory plays a central role in our ability to carry out complex cognitive tasks, such as applying knowledge to problems never before encountered and drawing inferences from facts already known. New insights into how memory is encoded, consolidated, and later retrieved have led to a better understanding of how we learn. Grappling with the impediments that make learning challenging leads both to more complex mastery and better retention of what was learned. Many common study habits and practice routines turn out to be counterproductive. Underlining and highlighting, rereading, cramming, and single-minded repetition of new skills create the illusion of mastery, but gains fade quickly. More complex and durable learning come from self-testing, introducing certain difficulties in practice, waiting to re-study new material until a little forgetting has set in, and interleaving the practice of one skill or topic with another. Speaking most urgently to students, teachers, trainers, and athletes, Make It Stick will appeal to all those interested in the challenge of lifelong learning and self-improvement.

Memory Work

Author : Barbara J. Mills
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Memory Work by : Barbara J. Mills

Download or read book Memory Work written by Barbara J. Mills and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory making is a social practice that links people and things together across time and space and ultimately has material consequences. The intersection of matter and social practice becomes archaeologically visible through the deposits created during social activities. The contributors to this volume share a common goal to map out the different ways in which to study social memories in past societies programmatically and tangibly.

Sorting Things Out

Author : Geoffrey C. Bowker
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262522950
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Sorting Things Out by : Geoffrey C. Bowker

Download or read book Sorting Things Out written by Geoffrey C. Bowker and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000-08-25 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revealing and surprising look at how classification systems can shape both worldviews and social interactions. What do a seventeenth-century mortality table (whose causes of death include "fainted in a bath," "frighted," and "itch"); the identification of South Africans during apartheid as European, Asian, colored, or black; and the separation of machine- from hand-washables have in common? All are examples of classification—the scaffolding of information infrastructures. In Sorting Things Out, Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world. In a clear and lively style, they investigate a variety of classification systems, including the International Classification of Diseases, the Nursing Interventions Classification, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the classification of viruses and of tuberculosis. The authors emphasize the role of invisibility in the process by which classification orders human interaction. They examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary. They also explore systems of classification as part of the built information environment. Much as an urban historian would review highway permits and zoning decisions to tell a city's story, the authors review archives of classification design to understand how decisions have been made. Sorting Things Out has a moral agenda, for each standard and category valorizes some point of view and silences another. Standards and classifications produce advantage or suffering. Jobs are made and lost; some regions benefit at the expense of others. How these choices are made and how we think about that process are at the moral and political core of this work. The book is an important empirical source for understanding the building of information infrastructures.

Powerful Teaching

Author : Pooja K. Agarwal
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111952184X
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Powerful Teaching by : Pooja K. Agarwal

Download or read book Powerful Teaching written by Pooja K. Agarwal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-06-05 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unleash powerful teaching and the science of learning in your classroom Powerful Teaching: Unleash the Science of Learning empowers educators to harness rigorous research on how students learn and unleash it in their classrooms. In this book, cognitive scientist Pooja K. Agarwal, Ph.D., and veteran K–12 teacher Patrice M. Bain, Ed.S., decipher cognitive science research and illustrate ways to successfully apply the science of learning in classrooms settings. This practical resource is filled with evidence-based strategies that are easily implemented in less than a minute—without additional prepping, grading, or funding! Research demonstrates that these powerful strategies raise student achievement by a letter grade or more; boost learning for diverse students, grade levels, and subject areas; and enhance students’ higher order learning and transfer of knowledge beyond the classroom. Drawing on a fifteen-year scientist-teacher collaboration, more than 100 years of research on learning, and rich experiences from educators in K–12 and higher education, the authors present highly accessible step-by-step guidance on how to transform teaching with four essential strategies: Retrieval practice, spacing, interleaving, and feedback-driven metacognition. With Powerful Teaching, you will: Develop a deep understanding of powerful teaching strategies based on the science of learning Gain insight from real-world examples of how evidence-based strategies are being implemented in a variety of academic settings Think critically about your current teaching practices from a research-based perspective Develop tools to share the science of learning with students and parents, ensuring success inside and outside the classroom Powerful Teaching: Unleash the Science of Learning is an indispensable resource for educators who want to take their instruction to the next level. Equipped with scientific knowledge and evidence-based tools, turn your teaching into powerful teaching and unleash student learning in your classroom.

Routledge International Handbook of Memory Studies

Author : Anna Lisa Tota
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113447749X
Total Pages : 569 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis Routledge International Handbook of Memory Studies by : Anna Lisa Tota

Download or read book Routledge International Handbook of Memory Studies written by Anna Lisa Tota and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge International Handbook of Memory Studies offers students and researchers original contributions that comprise the debates, intersections and future courses of the field. It is divided in six themed sections: 1)Theories and Perspectives, 2) Cultural artefacts, Symbols and Social practices, 3) Public, Transnational, and Transitional Memories 4) Technologies of Memory, 5) Terror, Violence and Disasters, 6) and Body and Ecosystems. A strong emphasis is placed on the interdisciplinary breadth of Memory Studies with contributions from leading international scholars in sociology, anthropology, philosophy, biology, film studies, media studies, archive studies, literature and history. The Handbook addresses the core concerns and foundations of the field while indicating new directions in Memory Studies.

Science of Memory

Author : Henry L. Roediger III
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199727513
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (275 download)

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Book Synopsis Science of Memory by : Henry L. Roediger III

Download or read book Science of Memory written by Henry L. Roediger III and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-26 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists currently study memory from many different perspectives: neurobiological, ethological, animal conditioning, cognitive, behavioral neuroscience, social, and cultural. The aim of this book is to help initiate a new science of memory by bringing these perspectives together to create a unified understanding of the topic. The book began with a conference where leading practitioners from all these major approaches met to analyze and discuss 16 concepts that are crucial to our understanding of memory. Each of these 16 concepts is addressed in a section of the book, and in the 66 succinct chapters that fill these sections, a leading researcher addresses the section's concept by clearly stating his or her position on it, elucidating how it is used, and discussing how it should be used in future research. For some concepts, there is general agreement among practitioners from different fields and levels of analysis, but for others there is general disagreement and much controversy. A final chapter in each section, also written by a leading researcher, integrates the various viewpoints offered on the section's concept, then draws conclusions about the concept. This groundbreaking volume will be an indispensable reference for all the students and researchers who will build upon the foundation it provides for the new science of memory.

The Emergence of Genetic Rationality

Author : Phillip Thurtle
Publisher : University of Washington Press
ISBN 13 : 0295987502
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (959 download)

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Book Synopsis The Emergence of Genetic Rationality by : Phillip Thurtle

Download or read book The Emergence of Genetic Rationality written by Phillip Thurtle and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both the science of genetics and the practice of breeding plants or animals required extensive record keeping. The author claims that modern science was born when organizational systems (e.g., vertical files, standardized forms, and middle managers) were developed to manage and make sense of massive amounts of information. He argues that the introduction of such information processing forms, along with the cultural incentives for implementing them, sparked new ways of exploring how living forms were related to each other.

The Knowledge Machine: How Irrationality Created Modern Science

Author : Michael Strevens
Publisher : Liveright Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1631491385
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis The Knowledge Machine: How Irrationality Created Modern Science by : Michael Strevens

Download or read book The Knowledge Machine: How Irrationality Created Modern Science written by Michael Strevens and published by Liveright Publishing. This book was released on 2020-10-13 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The Knowledge Machine is the most stunningly illuminating book of the last several decades regarding the all-important scientific enterprise.” —Rebecca Newberger Goldstein, author of Plato at the Googleplex A paradigm-shifting work, The Knowledge Machine revolutionizes our understanding of the origins and structure of science. • Why is science so powerful? • Why did it take so long—two thousand years after the invention of philosophy and mathematics—for the human race to start using science to learn the secrets of the universe? In a groundbreaking work that blends science, philosophy, and history, leading philosopher of science Michael Strevens answers these challenging questions, showing how science came about only once thinkers stumbled upon the astonishing idea that scientific breakthroughs could be accomplished by breaking the rules of logical argument. Like such classic works as Karl Popper’s The Logic of Scientific Discovery and Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, The Knowledge Machine grapples with the meaning and origins of science, using a plethora of vivid historical examples to demonstrate that scientists willfully ignore religion, theoretical beauty, and even philosophy to embrace a constricted code of argument whose very narrowness channels unprecedented energy into empirical observation and experimentation. Strevens calls this scientific code the iron rule of explanation, and reveals the way in which the rule, precisely because it is unreasonably close-minded, overcomes individual prejudices to lead humanity inexorably toward the secrets of nature. “With a mixture of philosophical and historical argument, and written in an engrossing style” (Alan Ryan), The Knowledge Machine provides captivating portraits of some of the greatest luminaries in science’s history, including Isaac Newton, the chief architect of modern science and its foundational theories of motion and gravitation; William Whewell, perhaps the greatest philosopher-scientist of the early nineteenth century; and Murray Gell-Mann, discoverer of the quark. Today, Strevens argues, in the face of threats from a changing climate and global pandemics, the idiosyncratic but highly effective scientific knowledge machine must be protected from politicians, commercial interests, and even scientists themselves who seek to open it up, to make it less narrow and more rational—and thus to undermine its devotedly empirical search for truth. Rich with illuminating and often delightfully quirky illustrations, The Knowledge Machine, written in a winningly accessible style that belies the import of its revisionist and groundbreaking concepts, radically reframes much of what we thought we knew about the origins of the modern world.

Handbook of Research Methods in Human Memory

Author : Hajime Otani
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429801572
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Research Methods in Human Memory by : Hajime Otani

Download or read book Handbook of Research Methods in Human Memory written by Hajime Otani and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Research Methods in Human Memory presents a collection of chapters on methodology used by researchers in investigating human memory. Understanding the basic cognitive function of human memory is critical in a wide variety of fields, such as clinical psychology, developmental psychology, education, neuroscience, and gerontology, and studying memory has become particularly urgent in recent years due to the prominence of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s. However, choosing the most appropriate method of research is a daunting task for most scholars. This book explores the methods that are currently available in various areas of human memory research and serves as a reference manual to help guide readers’ own research. Each chapter is written by prominent researchers and features cutting-edge research on human memory and cognition, with topics ranging from basic memory processes to cognitive neuroscience to further applications. The focus here is not on the "what," but the "how"—how research is best conducted on human memory.

Imperial Technoscience

Author : Amit Prasad
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262026953
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Imperial Technoscience by : Amit Prasad

Download or read book Imperial Technoscience written by Amit Prasad and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of science and technology practices that shows how even emergent aspects of research and development remain entangled with established hierarchies. In the last four decades, during which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a cutting-edge medical technology and a cultural icon, technoscientific imaginaries and practices have undergone a profound change across the globe. Shifting transnational geography of tecchnoscientific innovations is making commonly deployed Euro/West-centric divides such as west versus non-west or “innovating north” versus “non-innovating south” increasingly untenable—the world is indeed becoming flatter. Nevertheless, such dualist divides, which are intimately tied to other dualist categories that have been used to describe scientific knowledge and practice, continue to undergird analyses and imaginaries of transnational technoscience. Imperial Technoscience puts into broad relief the ambivalent and contradictory folding of Euro/west-centrism with emergent features of technoscience. It argues, Euro/West-centric historicism, and resulting over-determinations, not only hide the vibrant, albeit hierarchical, transnational histories of technoscience, but also tell us little about shifting geography of technoscientific innovations. The book utilizes a deconstructive-empirical approach to explore “entangled” histories of MRI across disciplines (physics, chemistry, medicine, etc.), institutions (university, hospitals, industry, etc.), and nations (United States, Britain, and India). Entangled histories of MRI, it shows, better explain emergence and consolidation of particular technoscientific trajectories and shifts in transnational geography of science and technology (e.g. centers and peripheries).

Architects of Memory

Author : Nathan R. Johnson
Publisher : University Alabama Press
ISBN 13 : 0817320601
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Architects of Memory by : Nathan R. Johnson

Download or read book Architects of Memory written by Nathan R. Johnson and published by University Alabama Press. This book was released on 2020-05-26 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Probes the development of information management after World War II and its consequences for public memory and human agency We are now living in the richest age of public memory. From museums and memorials to the vast digital infrastructure of the internet, access to the past is only a click away. Even so, the methods and technologies created by scientists, espionage agencies, and information management coders and programmers have drastically delimited the ways that communities across the globe remember and forget our wealth of retrievable knowledge. In Architects of Memory: Information and Rhetoric in a Networked Archival Age, Nathan R. Johnson charts turning points where concepts of memory became durable in new computational technologies and modern memory infrastructures took hold. He works through both familiar and esoteric memory technologies—from the card catalog to the book cart to Zatocoding and keyword indexing—as he delineates histories of librarianship and information science and provides a working vocabulary for understanding rhetoric’s role in contemporary memory practices. This volume draws upon the twin concepts of memory infrastructure and mnemonic technê to illuminate the seemingly opaque wall of mundane algorithmic techniques that determine what is worth remembering and what should be forgotten. Each chapter highlights a conflict in the development of twentieth-century librarianship and its rapidly evolving competitor, the discipline of information science. As these two disciplines progressed, they contributed practical techniques and technologies for making sense of explosive scientific advancement in the wake of World War II. Taming postwar science became part and parcel of practices and information technologies that undergird uncountable modern communication systems, including search engines, algorithms, and databases for nearly every national clearinghouse of the twenty-first century.

Science on the Run

Author : Geoffrey C. Bowker
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262023672
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (236 download)

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Book Synopsis Science on the Run by : Geoffrey C. Bowker

Download or read book Science on the Run written by Geoffrey C. Bowker and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this engaging account, Geoffrey Bowker reveals how Schlumberger devised a method of testing potential oil fields, produced a rhetoric, and secured a position that allowed it to manipulate the definition of what a technology is. This is the story of how one company created and codified a new science "on the run," away from the confines of the laboratory. By construing its service as scientific, Schlumberger was able to get the edge on the competition and construct an enviable niche for itself in a fast-growing industry.In this engaging account, Geoffrey Bowker reveals how Schlumberger devised a method of testing potential oil fields, produced a rhetoric, and secured a position that allowed it to manipulate the definition of what a technology is. Bowker calls the heart of the story "The Two Measurements That Worked," and he renders it in the style of a myth. In so doing, he shows seamlessly how society becomes embedded even in that most basic and seemingly value-independent of scientific concepts: the measurement.Bowker describes the origins and peregrinations of Schlumberger, details the ways in which the science developed in the field was translated into a form that could be defended in a patent court, and analyzes the company's strategies within the broader context of industrial science.Inside Technology series

Science Of Learning Physics, The: Cognitive Strategies For Improving Instruction

Author : Jose Mestre
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811226563
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Science Of Learning Physics, The: Cognitive Strategies For Improving Instruction by : Jose Mestre

Download or read book Science Of Learning Physics, The: Cognitive Strategies For Improving Instruction written by Jose Mestre and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on the teaching and learning of physics is intended for college-level instructors, but high school instructors might also find it very useful.Some ideas found in this book might be a small 'tweak' to existing practices whereas others require more substantial revisions to instruction. The discussions of student learning herein are based on research evidence accumulated over decades from various fields, including cognitive psychology, educational psychology, the learning sciences, and discipline-based education research including physics education research. Likewise, the teaching suggestions are also based on research findings. As for any other scientific endeavor, physics education research is an empirical field where experiments are performed, data are analyzed and conclusions drawn. Evidence from such research is then used to inform physics teaching and learning.While the focus here is on introductory physics taken by most students when they are enrolled, however, the ideas can also be used to improve teaching and learning in both upper-division undergraduate physics courses, as well as graduate-level courses. Whether you are new to teaching physics or a seasoned veteran, various ideas and strategies presented in the book will be suitable for active consideration.

Localising Memory in Transitional Justice: Memory dynamics in transitional justice

Author : Mina Rauschenbach
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781032254074
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis Localising Memory in Transitional Justice: Memory dynamics in transitional justice by : Mina Rauschenbach

Download or read book Localising Memory in Transitional Justice: Memory dynamics in transitional justice written by Mina Rauschenbach and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Memory Culture

Author : William Atkinson
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781516834129
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis Memory Culture by : William Atkinson

Download or read book Memory Culture written by William Atkinson and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a treaty on memory, and how to develop it. It analyzes in deep different techniques and methods; as well as several of the basic principles of memory, as Eye Perception, Ear Perception, Acquiring Impressions, Attention and Concentration; and Remembrance, Recollection and Recognition. It also explains the methods for the memorization of figures, dates and prices; memory of places, and memory of faces and names, and others. It is an invaluable reading for anybody interested in developing the memory, based on systems that have been proved and successful for many decades.