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Mechanisms Of Viral Fusion Proteins
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Book Synopsis Membrane Trafficking in Viral Replication by : Mark Marsh
Download or read book Membrane Trafficking in Viral Replication written by Mark Marsh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-10-25 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viruses are major pathogens in humans, and in the organisms with which we share this planet. The massive health and economic burden these agents impose has spurred a huge research effort to understand their most intimate details. One outcome of this effort has been the production, in many but certainly not all cases, of effective vaccines and therapies. - other consequence has been the realization that we can exploit viruses and put them to work on our behalf. Viruses are still seen to have the most - tential as vehicles for gene delivery and other therapeutic applications. However, their ability to exploit cellular functions to their own ends makes viruses not only highly effective pathogens but also exquisite experimental tools. Work with viruses underpins much of our current understanding of molecular cell biology and related fields. For membrane traffic in parti- lar, viruses have been crucial in providing insights into key cellular fu- tions and the molecular mechanisms underlying these events.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Viral Fusion Proteins by : Heather Elizabeth Park
Download or read book Mechanisms of Viral Fusion Proteins written by Heather Elizabeth Park and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Viral Fusion Mechanisms by : Joseph Bentz
Download or read book Viral Fusion Mechanisms written by Joseph Bentz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-11-30 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viral Fusion Mechanisms presents the first comprehensive review on this exciting topic. The book focuses on molecular mechanisms rather than phenomonology and examines a wide range of viruses, including influenza, HIV, Sendai, SFV, Vaccinia, VSV, and RSV. Recent theoretical work on dissecting protein-mediated membrane fusion is discussed, and the most promising new technologies for elucidating mechanisms are highlighted. Viral Fusion Mechanisms is an essential reference for biophysicists, cell biologists, colloid chemists, immunologists, microbiologists, molecular biologists, and virologists.
Book Synopsis Structural Mechanics of Class 1 Viral Membrane Fusion Proteins by : Mark Alexander Benhaim
Download or read book Structural Mechanics of Class 1 Viral Membrane Fusion Proteins written by Mark Alexander Benhaim and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein-mediated membrane fusion is a highly regulated biological process essential for cellular and organismal functions and infection by enveloped viruses. During viral entry, the membrane fusion reaction is catalyzed by specialized protein machinery on the viral surface. These viral fusion proteins undergo a series of dramatic structural changes during membrane fusion where they engage, remodel, and ultimately fuse with the host membrane. The structural and dynamic nature of these conformational changes and their impact on the membranes have long-eluded characterization. Furthermore, the native pre-fusion structural and conformational dynamics of these fusion machines remains unclear as the conventional structural approaches employed by structural biologists are not well suited for studying these dynamic protein machines on the viral surface. The objective of this dissertation is to characterize the complete mechanism of Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) fusion activation and membrane fusion, and to profile and characterize the structural and conformational dynamics of the HIV-1 Env fusion glycoprotein on the viral surface. In chapter 2 I use continuous labeling HDX-MS to characterize the structural dynamics and conformational homogeneity of the HIV-1 Env fusion glycoprotein on the surface of two distinct engineered and authentic viral vaccine platforms. By HDX-MS we observed significant amounts of non-native Env present in one vaccine platform, whereas all Env present in the other resembled trimeric Env in the closed conformation. In chapter 3, I use pulse labeling HDX-MS to characterize the mechanism of HA fusion activation and HA mediated membrane fusion in situ using whole infectious virions. Our data reveal how concurrent reorganizations at the HA1 receptor binding domain interface and HA2 fusion subunit produce a dynamic fusion intermediate ensemble in full-length HA. In contrast, the soluble HA ectodomain transitions directly to the post-fusion state with no observable intermediate. These data provide unprecedented insight into the structural mechanics of HA which has served as the prototypical class 1 viral fusion protein and informed our understanding about how all class 1 viral fusion proteins function. In chapter 4 I present developments and improvements on the HDX-MS workflows that will enable more complete characterizations of HA's mechanism and the structural and conformational dynamics of other class 1 viral fusion proteins. Together these works have dramatically furthered our understanding of the structural mechanics of class 1 fusion proteins and lay the foundation for future studies on influenza virus and other enveloped viruses and their membrane fusion machinery.
Book Synopsis Principles of Molecular Virology by : Alan Cann
Download or read book Principles of Molecular Virology written by Alan Cann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-07-26 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Principles of Molecular Virology, Fourth Edition" provides an essential introduction to modern virology in a clear and concise manner. It is a highly enjoyable and readable text with numerous illustrations that enhance the reader's understanding of important principles. It contains new material on virus structure, virus evolution, zoonoses, bushmeat, SARS and bioterrorism. The standard version includes a CD-ROM with Flash animations, virtual interactive tutorials and experiments, self-assessment questions, useful online resources, along with the glossary, classification of subcellular infectious agents and history of virology.
Book Synopsis Fusion of Biological Membranes and Related Problems by : Herwig J. Hilderson
Download or read book Fusion of Biological Membranes and Related Problems written by Herwig J. Hilderson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-11-19 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane fusion and targeting processes are tightly regulated and coordinated. Dozens of proteins, originating from both the cytoplasm and membranes are involved. The discovery of homologous proteins from yeast to neurons validates a unified view. Although much is known about the interfering proteins, the events occurring when two lipid bilayers actually fuse are less clear. It should be remembered that lipid bilayers behave like soap-bubbles fusing when meeting each other. In this respect interfering proteins should be considered as preventing undesirable and unnecessary fusion and eventually directing the biological membrane fusion process (when, where, how, and overcoming the activation energy). In this latest volume in the renowned Subcellular Biochemistry series, some aspects of fusion of biological membranes as well as related problems are presented. Although not complete, there is a lot of recent information including on virus-induced membrane fusion. The contributors of the chapters are all among the researchers who performed many of the pioneering studies in the field.
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of The Cell by : Bruce Alberts
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Togaviridae and Flaviviridae by : Sondra Schlesinger
Download or read book The Togaviridae and Flaviviridae written by Sondra Schlesinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication of this volume of The Viruses entitled The Togaviridae and Flaviviridae comes at an appropriate time. The structure and rep lication strategies of these viruses are now known to be sufficiently di verse to warrant the removal of flaviviruses from the Togaviridae family and establish them as an independent family. Flaviviridae have a special place in the history of virology. The prototype virus-yellow fever virus was the first virus to be identified as the cause of a human disease. Some of the history of this discovery is described in Chapter 1 of this volume; in Chapter 10 the complete sequence of the RNA genome of the virus is presented. This sequence not only defines the primary structure of the viral proteins, it also clarifies the mechanism of translation of the fla vivirus genome. Knowledge of the sequence of the structural proteins of these viruses represents an important step in the potential goal of using purified flavivirus glycoproteins as vaccines. Many of the chapters in this volume focus on the structure and replication of the Togaviridae. These viruses have provided valuable models for studies in cell biology, partic ularly with regard to the cotranslational and posttranslational steps re quired for the synthesis and localization of membrane glycoproteins. Fur thermore, Togaviridae have been pivotal in our growing understanding of how enveloped viruses enter and exit from cells. The broad outlines of the structure and gene expression of Togavir idae and Flaviviridae are known, but important questions remain.
Book Synopsis Structural and Functional Insights Into the Molecular Mechanisms of Viral-cell and Cell-cell Fusion by : Halil Aydin
Download or read book Structural and Functional Insights Into the Molecular Mechanisms of Viral-cell and Cell-cell Fusion written by Halil Aydin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane fusion is an essential step in various developmental, physiological, and pathological processes in eukaryotes. Specific fusion proteins catalyze the merger of two lipid bilayers. The molecular mechanisms of many membrane fusion reactions still remain unclear. Here, we characterized the molecular details of various adhesion and fusion proteins involved in viral-cell, placental trophoblast, and sperm-egg fusion events to better understand their mechanisms. In total, nine crystal structures of these human and viral glycoproteins are presented. Furthermore, structural comparisons combined with mutagenesis, biochemical, biophysical, and cell culture experiments allowed us to investigate the implications of specific residues of these proteins in mediating membrane fusion. Structures of class I viral fusion proteins revealed that electrostatic interactions are critical for post-fusion stability in viruses that fuse at neutral pH, whereas the salt bridges do not play a stabilizing role in fusion proteins that proceed through low pH. Instead, hydrophobic residues stabilize the fusion core, and histidine/arginine residues in the chain reversal region stabilize a helix-dipole moment. Moreover, the structure of human syncytin-1 fusion protein unveiled a striking overall structural similarity to class I viral fusion proteins, and the presence of salt bridges within the fusion subunit zipper the inner and outer helices. These electrostatic interactions stabilize the post-fusion structure and provide the energetics for trophoblast cell fusion in placentation. While class I fusion proteins share similar structural and functional features, the mechanism of sperm-egg fusion requires the involvement of sperm Izumo1 and egg Juno proteins. Atomic resolution structures of Izumo1 and Juno display an interface stabilized through extensive interactions and a major conformational change within Izumo1 upon Juno binding. Moreover, mutational studies at the Izumo1-Juno interface revealed the structural determinants required for binding. We provide a comprehensive analysis that now identifies general trends and signatures important in viral-cell and cell-cell fusion events.
Book Synopsis Human Viruses: Diseases, Treatments and Vaccines by : Shamim I. Ahmad
Download or read book Human Viruses: Diseases, Treatments and Vaccines written by Shamim I. Ahmad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-19 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses current evidence on human viruses and provides an extensive coverage of newly emerged viruses and current strategies for treatment. Offering a new perspective in view of the re-emergence of Ebola in African countries and Dengue in India and Pakistan, the contents include chapters on emergence, pathogenicity, epidemiology and vaccine uptake. Human Viruses: Diseases, Treatments and Vaccines: The New Insights discusses a range of viruses from the most common such as Influenza and Hepatitis to Zika, Poliomyelitis and Chikungunya among many others. It is authored by a team of experts on viral disease and will be of immense use to virologists, public health experts and clinicians.
Book Synopsis The Membranes of Cells by : Philip Yeagle
Download or read book The Membranes of Cells written by Philip Yeagle and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this new edition of The Membranes of Cells, all of the chapters have been updated, some have been completely rewritten, and a new chapter on receptors has been added. The book has been designed to provide both the student and researcher with a synthesis of information from a number of scientific disciplines to create a comprehensive view of the structure and function of the membranes of cells. The topics are treated in sufficient depth to provide an entry point to the more detailed literature needed by the researcher. Key Features * Introduces biologists to membrane structure and physical chemistry * Introduces biophysicists to biological membrane function * Provides a comprehensive view of cell membranes to students, either as a necessary background for other specialized disciplines or as an entry into the field of biological membrane research * Clarifies ambiguities in the field
Book Synopsis The Bacteriophage and Its Behavior by : Félix D'Herelle
Download or read book The Bacteriophage and Its Behavior written by Félix D'Herelle and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants by : Hitoshi Sawada
Download or read book Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants written by Hitoshi Sawada and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-02-07 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of the International Symposium on the Mechanisms of Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants, where many plant and animal reproductive biologists gathered to discuss their recent progress in investigating the shared mechanisms and factors involved in sexual reproduction. This now is the first book that reviews recent progress in almost all fields of plant and animal fertilization. It was recently reported that the self-sterile mechanism of a hermaphroditic marine invertebrate (ascidian) is very similar to the self-incompatibility system in flowering plants. It was also found that a male factor expressed in the sperm cells of flowering plants is involved in gamete fusion not only of plants but also of animals and parasites. These discoveries have led to the consideration that the core mechanisms or factors involved in sexual reproduction may be shared by animals, plants and unicellular organisms. This valuable book is highly useful for reproductive biologists as well as for biological scientists outside this field in understanding the current progress of reproductive biology.
Book Synopsis The Paramyxoviruses by : David W. Kingsbury
Download or read book The Paramyxoviruses written by David W. Kingsbury and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What justifies the size of this compendium of reviews on the paramyxoviruses? As intracellular parasites that reproduce with almost complete indifference to nuclear activities, paramyxoviruses have not been providing insights about genes that regulate cellular activities and development, topics that account for much of the excitement in modem biology. For contributions of virus research to those topics, we must look to the retroviruses, which have the propensity to steal developmentally important genes and subvert them to malignant pur poses, and to the nuclear DNA viruses, whose gene expression depends heavily upon cellular transcription machinery, making them exceptionally useful tools for identifying and characterizing components of that machinery. From this perspective, it may appear that purely lytic viruses like the paramyxoviruses are sitting on the sidelines of contemporary biology. But there is plenty of action on the sidelines. Paramyxoviruses remain unconquered, devastating agents of disease. Human deaths attributable to paramyxoviruses worldwide, especially in children, are numbered in the mil lions annually. There are many pathogenic paramyxoviruses and too few effec tive vaccines, and those vaccines (against measles and mumps) are affordable only by relatively affluent nations. Moreover, the paramyxoviruses are intrin sically interesting organisms, presenting the challenge of understanding the self-replication of RNA and many other challenges peculiar to the structures and functions of their proteins, not only as individual entities, but also as they act in concert during virus reproduction and interact with vital functions of the cells they infect and often (but not always) destroy.
Book Synopsis The Molecular Basis of Viral Infection by :
Download or read book The Molecular Basis of Viral Infection written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-01-13 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virology is in a sense both one of the most important precursors and one of the most significant beneficiaries of structural and cellular molecular biology. Numerous breakthroughs in our understanding of the molecular interactions of viruses with host cells are ready for translation into medically important applications such as the prevention and treatment of viral infections. This book collects a wide variety of examples of frontline research into molecular aspects of viral infections from virological, immunological, cell- and molecular-biological, structural, and theoretical perspectives. Contributors are world leaders in their fields of study and represent prestigious academic and research institutions Review articles vary vastly in scope: some focus on a narrowly defined scientific problem of one particular virus with careful introduction for the non-specialist; others are essays in general and comparative virology with forays into specific viral species or molecules The different perspectives complement each other and collectively the contributions provide an impression of the fast-moving frontlines of virology while showing how the problems have evolved Structural data are presented through high-quality illustrations
Book Synopsis Structure and Physics of Viruses by : Mauricio G. Mateu
Download or read book Structure and Physics of Viruses written by Mauricio G. Mateu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contemplates the structure, dynamics and physics of virus particles: From the moment they come into existence by self-assembly from viral components produced in the infected cell, through their extracellular stage, until they recognise and infect a new host cell and cease to exist by losing their physical integrity to start a new infectious cycle. (Bio)physical techniques used to study the structure of virus particles and components, and some applications of structure-based studies of viruses are also contemplated. This book is aimed first at M.Sc. students, Ph.D. students and postdoctoral researchers with a university degree in biology, chemistry, physics or related scientific disciplines who share an interest or are actually working on viruses. We have aimed also at providing an updated account of many important concepts, techniques, studies and applications in structural and physical virology for established scientists working on viruses, irrespective of their physical, chemical or biological background and their field of expertise. We have not attempted to provide a collection of for-experts-only reviews focused mainly on the latest research in specific topics; we have not generally assumed that the reader knows all of the jargon and all but the most recent and advanced results in each topic dealt with in this book. In short, we have attempted to write a book basic enough to be useful to M.Sc and Ph.D. students, as well as advanced and current enough to be useful to senior scientists with an interest in Structural and/or Physical Virology.
Book Synopsis Scanning Electron Microscopy for the Life Sciences by : Heide Schatten
Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy for the Life Sciences written by Heide Schatten and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to modern scanning electron microscopy instrumentation, methodology and techniques, highlighting novel applications to cell and molecular biology.
