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Mechanisms Of Soil Carbon Stabilization In Black Spruce Forests Of Interior Alaska
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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Soil Carbon Stabilization in Black Spruce Forests of Interior Alaska by : Evan S. Kane
Download or read book Mechanisms of Soil Carbon Stabilization in Black Spruce Forests of Interior Alaska written by Evan S. Kane and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The likely direction of change in soil organic carbon (SOC) in the boreal forest biome, which harbors roughly 22% of the global soil carbon pool, is of marked concern because climate warming is projected to be greatest in high latitudes and temperature is the cardinal determinant of soil C mineralization. Moreover, the majority of boreal forest SOC is harbored in surficial organic horizons which are the most susceptible to consumption in wildfire. This research focuses on mechanisms of soil C accumulation in recently burned (2004) and unburned (~1850-1950) black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) forests along gradients in stand productivity and soil temperature. The primary research questions in these three chapters address: 1) how the interaction between stand production and temperature effect the stabilization of C throughout the soil profile, 2) the quantity and composition of water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) as it is leached from the soil across gradients in productivity and climate, and 3) physiographic controls on organic matter consumption in wildfire and the legacy of wildfire in stable C formation (pyrogenic C, or black carbon). Soil WSOC concentrations increased while SOC stocks decreased with increasing soil temperature and stand production along the gradients studied. Stocks of BC were miniscule in comparison to organic horizon SOC stocks, and therefore the C stabilizing effect of wildfire was small in comparison to SOC accumulation through arrested decomposition. We conclude that C stocks are likely to be more vulnerable to burning as soil C stocks decline relative to C sequestered in aboveground woody tissues in a warmer climate. These findings contribute to refining estimates of potential changes in boreal soil C stocks in the context of a changing climate"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis CHANGES IN CARBON POOLS INFLUENCED BY CHANGES IN SOIL TEXTURE, SLOPE, AND ASPECT A DECADE FOLLOWING WILDFIRE IN BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS OF INTERIOR ALASKA by :
Download or read book CHANGES IN CARBON POOLS INFLUENCED BY CHANGES IN SOIL TEXTURE, SLOPE, AND ASPECT A DECADE FOLLOWING WILDFIRE IN BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS OF INTERIOR ALASKA written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Carbon Cycling in Three Mature Black Spruce (Picea Mariana [Mill.] B.S.P) Forests in Interior Alaska by : Jason Gene Vogel
Download or read book Carbon Cycling in Three Mature Black Spruce (Picea Mariana [Mill.] B.S.P) Forests in Interior Alaska written by Jason Gene Vogel and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Climate warming in high latitudes is expected to alter the carbon cycle of the boreal forest. Warming will likely increase the rate of organic matter decomposition and microbial respiration. Faster organic matter decomposition should increase plant available nutrients and stimulate plant growth. I examined these predicted relationships between C cycle components in three similar black spruce forests (Picea mariana [Mill] B.S.P) near Fairbanks, Alaska, that differed in soil environment and in-situ decomposition. As predicted, greater in-situ decomposition rates corresponded to greater microbial respiration and black spruce aboveground growth. However root and soil respiration were both greater at the site where decomposition was slowest, indicating greater C allocation to root processes with slower decomposition. It is unclear what environmental factor controls spruce allocation. Low temperature or moisture could cause spruce to increase belowground allocation because slower decomposition leads to low N availability, but foliar N concentration was similar across sites and root N concentration greater at the slow decomposition site. The foliar isotopic composition of 13C indicated soil moisture was lower at the site with greater root and soil respiration. From a literature review of mature black spruce forests, it appears drier (e.g. Alaska) regions of the boreal forest have greater soil respiration because of greater black spruce C allocation belowground. Organic matter characteristics identified with pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry correlated with microbial processes, but organic matter chemistry less influenced C and N mineralization than did temperature. Also, differences among sites in C and net N mineralization rates were few and difficult to explain from soil characteristics. Warming had a greater influence on C and N mineralization than the mediatory effect of soil organic matter chemistry. In this study, spruce root C allocation varied more among the three stands than other ecosystem components of C cycling. Spruce root growth most affected the annual C balance by controlling forest floor C accumulation, which was remarkably sensitive to root severing. Predicting the response of black spruce to climate change will require an understanding of how spruce C allocation responds to available moisture and soil temperature"--Leaves iii-iv.
Book Synopsis Soil Nitrogen Dynamics After Fire in a Boreal Forest of Interior Alaska by : Susanne Elisabeth Lyle
Download or read book Soil Nitrogen Dynamics After Fire in a Boreal Forest of Interior Alaska written by Susanne Elisabeth Lyle and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This study is part of the FROSTFIRE experiment, a controlled bum of black spruce (BS) and mixed hardwood (MH) forest in the boreal zone of Interior Alaska in 1999. As part of the examination of post-burn changes in soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics, this study reports on active soil C and net N mineralization and nitrification in-situ over one year (beginning the year after the burn) in BS and MH stands. Total soil C and N concentrations and pools were higher in burned BS (BS-B) than in controls (BS-C), whereas MH stands (MH-B and MH-C) showed no fire effect. MH stands exhibited substantially higher net N mineralization and nitrification rates than equivalent BS stands. Annual net N mineralization was lower and annual net nitrification was much higher in MH-B stands than in controls, whereas it did not differ between BS-B Band BS-C. Potentially mineralizable soil C was substantially higher in BS than in MH and was lower in burned soils relative to controls. Findings indicate that post-fire soil N dynamics in Interior Alaska are highly dependent on forest type and that MH stands, but not BS, may be a large source of soil nitrate (NO3−) after fire"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis A Key for Predicting Postfire Successional Trajectories in Black Spruce Stands of Interior Alaska by : Jill Frances Johnstone
Download or read book A Key for Predicting Postfire Successional Trajectories in Black Spruce Stands of Interior Alaska written by Jill Frances Johnstone and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill) B.S.P) is the dominant forest cover type in interior Alaska and is prone to frequent, stand-replacing wildfires. Through impacts on tree recruitment, the degree of fire consumption of soil organic layers can act as an important determinant of whether black spruce forests regenerate to a forest composition similar to the prefire forest, or to a new forest composition dominated by deciduous hardwoods. Here we present a simple, rule-based framework for predicting fire-initiated changes in forest cover within Alaska's black spruce forests. Four components are presented: (1) a key to classifying potential site moisture, (2) a summary of conditions that favor black spruce self-replacement, (3) a key to predicting postfire forest recovery in recently burned stands, and (4) an appendix of photos to be used as a visual reference tool. This report should be useful to managers in designing fire management actions and predicting the effects of recent and future fires on postfire forest cover in black spruce forests of interior Alaska.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fire in Boreal Black Spruce (Picea Mariana Mill.) Forests by : Sarah Masco
Download or read book Fire in Boreal Black Spruce (Picea Mariana Mill.) Forests written by Sarah Masco and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Boreal forests store large quantities of carbon (C) and currently act as atmospheric C sinks; however, predicted increases in temperature and fire frequency may change the boreal forest from a net C sink to a net source. This study evaluates the response of organic soil C and nitrogen (N) mineralization, and the bioavailability of C and N to burning in non-permafrost upland black spruce stands in Interior Alaska. Two years after an experimental wildfire, burned soils were warmer than control soils at all depths measured, and decay of common substrates was greater in the burned than in the control soils. Burned soils had higher concentrations of total C, lignin, N, and mineral N, and lower concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and soluble organic matter. However, apparent differences in organic matter quality did not correlate well with respiration metrics. In laboratory incubations, burned soils respired less than control soils, and this difference was entirely due to differences on the first day of the incubation. Mean Q10 values ranged from 2.1 to 2.5 and were greater in the burned soils than in the control soils"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Soil Temperature Effects on Carbon Exchange in Taiga Species of Interior Alaska by : William Thomas Jr Lawrence
Download or read book Soil Temperature Effects on Carbon Exchange in Taiga Species of Interior Alaska written by William Thomas Jr Lawrence and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Rhizosphere written by Zoe G. Cardon and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Below the soil surface, the rhizosphere is the dynamic interface among plant roots, soil microbes and fauna, and the soil itself, where biological as well as physico-chemical properties differ radically from those of bulk soil. The Rhizosphere is the first ecologically-focused book that explicitly establishes the links from extraordinarily small-scale processes in the rhizosphere to larger-scale belowground patterns and processes. This book includes chapters that emphasize the effects of rhizosphere biology on long-term soil development, agro-ecosystem management and responses of ecosystems to global change. Overall, the volume seeks to spur development of cross-scale links for understanding belowground function in varied natural and managed ecosystems. First cross-scale ecologically-focused integration of information at the frontier of root, microbial, and soil faunal biology Establishes the links from extraordinarily small-scale processes in the rhizosphere to larger-scale belowground patterns and processes Includes valuable information on ecosystem response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and enhanced global nitrogen deposition Chapters written by a variety of experts, including soil scientists, microbial and soil faunal ecologists, and plant biologists
Book Synopsis Soil Temperature Effects on Carbon Exchange in Taiga Species of Interior Alaska by : William Thomas Lawrence (Jr.)
Download or read book Soil Temperature Effects on Carbon Exchange in Taiga Species of Interior Alaska written by William Thomas Lawrence (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Some Effects of Wildfire in a Black Spruce Forest in Interior Alaska by : Roger Arthur Johnson
Download or read book Some Effects of Wildfire in a Black Spruce Forest in Interior Alaska written by Roger Arthur Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Stocks and Dynamics Under Disturbed Black Spruce Forests by : C. Ken Smith
Download or read book Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Stocks and Dynamics Under Disturbed Black Spruce Forests written by C. Ken Smith and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the North American boreal forest, black spruce (Picea mariana) forests have historically regenerated after the passage of large-scale wildfires. Over the past 30 years, tree harvesting has replaced wildfire as the predominant agent of disturbance in black spruce-feathermoss communities in the Lac St. Jean-Chibougamau region of Quebec, Canada. This study addressed how natural and anthropogenic disturbances altered soil and fine root carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stocks and dynamics under four disturbance types in central Quebec including: (1) recently burned sites, (2) sites recently harvested using a practice called "cutting with protection of tree regeneration and soils" (CPRS), (3) sites that were burned 75-85 yr ago, and (4) sites that were horse-logged 55 yr ago. Soil N contents in the surface organic layer of the recently burned sites (91 g/m2) were significantly lower than under the old burn sites (146 g/m2). Using equivalent soil masses, total N stores in the mineral soils under the recently harvested stands (76 g/m2) were significantly lower than N stores under the old burn sites (114 g/m2). In field incubations from June to October 1997, net N mineralization rates in the organic horizons ranged from 3.3 kg/ha (recent burn) to 17.1 kg/ha (old harvest). The largest pools of labile inorganic-P (Bray 2 extractable) were in the organic horizons of the old harvest and old burn sites (59.1 and 55.3 mg/kg, respectively), and these pools increased up to 24% from the beginning to the end of the growing season. Pools of dissolved organic nitrogen in surface organic horizons in all of the disturbance types were highest just after snowmelt and declined steadily through the growing season. The older disturbance types had higher N stores in fine roots compared to the recently disturbed sites, and fine root length in the old harvest sites (1623 m/m2) was higher than in the stands burned 75-85 yr ago (917 m/m2).
Book Synopsis Quantifying Variability in the Alaskan Black Spruce Ecosystem by : Teresa Nettleton Hollingsworth
Download or read book Quantifying Variability in the Alaskan Black Spruce Ecosystem written by Teresa Nettleton Hollingsworth and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The boreal forest is the largest terrestrial ecosystem in North America, one of the least disturbed by humans, and most disturbed by fire. This combination makes it an ideal system to explore the environmental controls over species composition, the relative importance of abiotic factors and floristic composition in governing ecosystem processes, and the importance of legacy effects at a large regional spatial scale. In the boreal region of interior Alaska, Picea mariana (black spruce) is the predominant tree species and spans a wide range of habitats, including north-facing slopes with permafrost, lowland bogs, and high dry ridge-tops. This research uses a combination of site description and analysis from both locally near Fairbanks (54) and across a large region and number of sites (146) to answer questions about the regional variability and biodiversity of the black spruce forest type. Based on the relationships between species composition and environmental factors, topography and elevation were the most important gradients explaining species composition locally in the Fairbanks region, and mineral soil pH was the overriding environmental gradient across interior Alaska. To describe the floristic variability, I separated the black spruce forest type into three floristically-based community types and five community subtypes. Variability in ecosystem properties among black spruce stands was as large as that documented previously among all forest types in the central interior of Alaska. The variability in plant community composition was at least as effective as environmental or abiotic factors and stand characteristics as a predictor of soil C pools in the black spruce forest type of interior Alaska. The variability in species composition at the community subtype-level was related to a combination of environmental factors and fire history. Together, these results provide a foundation for future work in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska, and contribute to our understanding of the regional variability and biodiversity of the black spruce forest type"--Leaves iii-iv.
Book Synopsis A Key for Predicting Postfire Successional Trajectories in Black Spruce Stands of Interior Alaska by : United States Department of Agriculture
Download or read book A Key for Predicting Postfire Successional Trajectories in Black Spruce Stands of Interior Alaska written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill) B.S.P) is the dominant forest cover type in interior Alaska and is prone to frequent, stand-replacing wildfires. Through impacts on tree recruitment, the degree of fire consumption of soil organic layers can act as an important determinant of whether black spruce forests regenerate to a forest composition similar to the prefire forest, or to a new forest composition dominated by deciduous hardwoods. Here we present a simple, rule-based framework for predicting fire-initiated changes in forest cover within Alaska's black spruce forests. Four components are presented: (1) a key to classifying potential site moisture, (2) a summary of conditions that favor black spruce self-replacement, (3) a key to predicting postfire forest recovery in recently burned stands, and (4) an appendix of photos to be used as a visual reference tool. This report should be useful to managers in designing fire management actions and predicting the effects of recent and future fires on postfire forest cover in black spruce forests of interior Alaska.
Book Synopsis The Continental-Scale Greenhouse Gas Balance of Europe by : Han Dolman
Download or read book The Continental-Scale Greenhouse Gas Balance of Europe written by Han Dolman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-06 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses the current greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring capabilities of Europe, identifies and quantifies the uncertainties involved, and outlines the direction to a continental scale GHG monitoring network. The book uniquely addresses both the methodology of carbon cycle science and the science itself, providing a synthesis of carbon cycle science. The methods included provide the first comprehensive coverage of a full GHG accounting and monitoring system.
Book Synopsis Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions by : Richard V. Pouyat
Download or read book Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions written by Richard V. Pouyat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Dynamics in the Forest Floor of Interior Alaska Black Spruce Ecosystems by : M. G. Weber
Download or read book Nitrogen Dynamics in the Forest Floor of Interior Alaska Black Spruce Ecosystems written by M. G. Weber and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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