Mechanisms of Plant Defense Responses

Download Mechanisms of Plant Defense Responses PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401117373
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Plant Defense Responses by : B. Fritig

Download or read book Mechanisms of Plant Defense Responses written by B. Fritig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on the mechanisms of plant defense responses to stress and pathogen attack has attracted much attention in recent years. This increasing interest stems from the fact that the tools of molecular biology now enable us to study the molecular basis of old biological concepts such as host-pathogen recognition (and particularly the gene for-gene relationship), hypersensitive cell death and systemic acquired resistance. Our knowledge about avirulence and resistance genes, elicitors, signal transduction and genes involved in plant defense is rapidly expanding. Moreover we are just beginning to test in planta the potential of these results for biotechnological applications, aimed at improving plant resistance to diseases. The 2nd Conference of the European Foundation for Plant Pathology, hosted by the "Societe Fran~aise de Phytopathologie", was devoted to "Mechanisms of plant defense responses" and was held in Strasbourg, France. It brought together over 350 scientists from universities, research institutes and private sectors of 24 countries. Major advances in the areas under study have been reviewed in plenary lectures and are developed in the main articles of this book. Over 160 high-quality posters were presented and are summarized in short articles. Data from outstanding posters, which were discussed after a short oral presentation, are found in extended articles. As a whole the book presents a collection of papers arranged in six sections and reflecting the present day state-of-the-art of research in the field of plant defense reactions.

Plant Toxins

Download Plant Toxins PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789400767287
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (672 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plant Toxins by : P. Gopalakrishnakone

Download or read book Plant Toxins written by P. Gopalakrishnakone and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Plant Defense

Download Plant Defense PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 144434773X
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plant Defense by : Dale Walters

Download or read book Plant Defense written by Dale Walters and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are sources of nourishment for thousands of fungi, bacteria, invertebrates, vertebrates, and other plants. Plants possess a truly remarkable diversity of mechanisms to fend off attackers and recent research has shown just how complex and sophisticated these defense mechanisms can be. Plant Defense provides comprehensive coverage of the range of different organisms that plants need to fend off, describes how plants coordinate their defenses against multiple attacks, explains the evolution of defense in plants, and how plant defences are exploited in crop protection strategies. Plant Defense: Covers plants’ defenses against pathogens, pests, and parasitic plants: together in one book Brings together succinct, cutting edge information in a user-friendly format Gives an understanding of how plants ward off attacks from multiple enemies Is written by Dale Walters, an internationally known and respected researcher and teacher in crop protection, who distils his wealth of knowledge in a novel and exciting way Is an essential purchase for all those involved in plant protection around the globe Plant Defense is primarily designed for use by upper undergraduates and post graduates studying crop protection, agricultural sciences, applied entomology, plant pathology, and plant sciences. Biological and agricultural research scientists in the agrochemical and crop protection industries, and in academia, will find much of great use in this excellent new book. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where agricultural and biological sciences are studied and taught should have multiple copies of this very valuable book on their shelves.

Induced Responses to Herbivory

Download Induced Responses to Herbivory PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226424979
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (264 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Induced Responses to Herbivory by : Richard Karban

Download or read book Induced Responses to Herbivory written by Richard Karban and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants face a daunting array of creatures that eat them, bore into them, and otherwise use virtually every plant part for food, shelter, or both. But although plants cannot flee from their attackers, they are far from defenseless. In addition to adaptations like thorns, which may be produced in response to attack, plants actively alter their chemistry and physiology in response to damage. For instance, young potato plant leaves being eaten by potato beetles respond by producing chemicals that inhibit beetle digestive enzymes. Over the past fifteen years, research on these induced responses to herbivory has flourished, and here Richard Karban and Ian T. Baldwin present the first comprehensive evaluation and synthesis of this rapidly developing field. They provide state-of-the-discipline reviews and highlight areas where new research will be most productive. Their comprehensive overview will be welcomed by a wide variety of theoretical and applied researchers in ecology, evolutionary biology, plant biology, entomology, and agriculture.

Active Defense Mechanisms in Plants

Download Active Defense Mechanisms in Plants PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461583098
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Active Defense Mechanisms in Plants by : R. Wood

Download or read book Active Defense Mechanisms in Plants written by R. Wood and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Active Defence Mechanisms in Plants" was held at Cape Sounion, Greece, 21 April - 3 May 1981. It succeeded a similar Institute held at Porte Conte, Sardinia in 1975 on "Specificity in Plant Diseases. " What are active defence mechanisms in the context of plant disease in which a plant, the host, may be damaged by a pathogen? Defence mechanisms comprise properties of the host that decrease this damage. The mechanisms are passive when they are independent of the pathogen. They are active when they follow changes in the host caused by the pathogen. Thus for a fungal pathogen, cell walls of a higher plant which are lignified before infection would be a passive defence mechanism if they decreased damage by impeding growth of the fungus. Cell walls known to become lignified as a response to the pathogen would be an active defence mechanism if it were established that this response decreased damage. The papers and discussions at this Advanced Study Institute were about active defence mechanisms in higher plants, mainly econo mically important crop plants, against fungi, bacteria and viruses as pathogens. Taking the microorganisms first it is a truism but one that bears repeating that although plants almost always grow in close association with a wide variety of fungi and bacteria, often of types that can be pathogens, they rarely become diseased, at least not sufficiently so as to attract notice.

Defense Mechanisms of Woody Plants Against Fungi

Download Defense Mechanisms of Woody Plants Against Fungi PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662016427
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Defense Mechanisms of Woody Plants Against Fungi by : Robert A. Blanchette

Download or read book Defense Mechanisms of Woody Plants Against Fungi written by Robert A. Blanchette and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past decade, it has been apparent to both of us that a reference text covering all aspects of tree defense mechanisms to fungi was missing, needed and long overdue. Such a book would provide a clear, comprehensive overview of how living roots, stems and leaves respond to fungal pathogens. The need for such a book became in creasingly clear to us from our conversations with each other, as well as from our interactions with students and colleagues who desired a sourcebook containing reviews of morphological, biochemical and physiological aspects of host-parasite interactions in trees. During a field trip sponsored by the Forest Pathology Committee of the Ameri can Phytopathological Society, on a bus from one site to another, we decided to take the responsibility to prepare a book of this type and began to plan its composition. To adequately address the topic of this book as we had envisioned it, we believed that well-illustrated chapters were needed in order to reflect the important advances made by the many investigators who have examined the anatomical and physiological changes that occur when trees are attacked by fungi. We are grateful to Dr. Tore Timell, the Wood Science editor for Springer-Verlag, for supporting our efforts and for providing an avenue to publish such a profusely il lustrated volume.

Herbivores: Their Interactions with Secondary Plant Metabolites

Download Herbivores: Their Interactions with Secondary Plant Metabolites PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080925456
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Herbivores: Their Interactions with Secondary Plant Metabolites by :

Download or read book Herbivores: Their Interactions with Secondary Plant Metabolites written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the latest research on herbivores, aquatic and terrestrial mammals and insects. The Second Edition, written almost entirely by new authors, effectively complements the initial work. It includes advances in molecular biology and microbiology, ecology, and evolutionary theory that have been achieved since the first edition was published in 1979. The book also incorporates relatively new methodologies in the area of molecular biology, like protein purification and gene cloning. Volume II, Ecological and Evolutionary Processes, also opens up entirely new subjects: The discussions of interactions have expanded to include phenomena at higher trophic levels, such as predation and microbial processing and other environmental influences. Both this and Volume I, The Chemical Participants, will be of interest to chemists, biochemists, plant and insect ecologists, evolutionary biologists, physiologists, entomologists, and agroecologists interested in both crop and animal science. Presents coevolution of herbivores and host plants Examines resource availability and its effects on secondary metabolism and herbivores Studies physiology and biochemistry of adaptation to hosts Includes tri-trophic interactions involving predators and microbes

Induced Plant Resistance to Herbivory

Download Induced Plant Resistance to Herbivory PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402081820
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Induced Plant Resistance to Herbivory by : Andreas Schaller

Download or read book Induced Plant Resistance to Herbivory written by Andreas Schaller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-27 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book provides an overview of the anatomical, chemical, and developmental features contributing to plant defense, with an emphasis on plant responses that are induced by wounding or herbivore attack. The book first introduces general concepts of direct and indirect defenses, followed by a focused review of the different resistance traits. Finally, signal perception and transduction mechanism for the activation of plant defense responses are discussed.

Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites

Download Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319963983
Total Pages : 973 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (639 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites by : Jean-Michel Mérillon

Download or read book Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites written by Jean-Michel Mérillon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 973 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Reference Work is devoted to plant secondary metabolites and their evolutionary adaptation to different hosts and pests. Secondary metabolites play an important biological role in plants’ defence against herbivores, abiotic stresses and pathogens, and they also attract beneficial organisms such as pollinators. In this work, readers will find a comprehensive review of the phytochemical diversity, modification and adaptation of secondary metabolites, and the consequences of their co-evolution with plant parasites, pollinators, and herbivores. Chapters from expert contributors are organised into twelve sections that collate the current knowledge in intra-/inter-specific diversity in plant secondary metabolites, changes in secondary metabolites during plants’ adaptation to different environmental conditions, and co-evolution of host-parasite metabolites. Among the twelve themed parts, readers will also discover expert analysis on the genetics and chemical ecology evolution of secondary metabolites, and particular attention is also given to allelochemicals, bioactive molecules in plant defence and the evolution of sensory perception in vertebrates. This reference work will appeal to students, researchers and professionals interested in the field of plant pathology, plant breeding, biotechnology, agriculture and phytochemistry.

Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research, Volume 3

Download Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research, Volume 3 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118299744
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research, Volume 3 by : Véronique Cheynier

Download or read book Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research, Volume 3 written by Véronique Cheynier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant polyphenols are secondary metabolites that constitute one of the most common and widespread groups of natural products. They express a large and diverse panel of biological activities including beneficial effects on both plants and humans. Many polyphenols, from their structurally simplest representatives to their oligo/polymeric versions (also referred to as vegetable tannins) are notably known as phytoestrogens, plant pigments, potent antioxidants, and protein interacting agents. Sponsored by Groupe Polyphénols, this publication, which is the third volume in this highly regarded Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research series, is edited by Véronique Cheynier, Pascale Sarni-Manchado, and Stéphane Quideau (the current President of Groupe Polyphénols). Like their predecessors, they have once again put together an impressive collection of cutting-edge chapters written by expert scientists internationally respected in their respective field of polyphenol sciences. This Volume 3 provides the latest information and opinion on the following major research topics about polyphenols: Organic chemistry and physical chemistry Biosynthesis, genetics and metabolic engineering The role of polyphenols in plants and ecosystems Health and nutrition Analysis and metabolomics Chemists, biochemists, plant scientists, pharmacognosists and pharmacologists, biologists, ecologists, food scientists and nutritionists will all find this book an invaluable resource. Libraries in all universities and research institutions where these disciplines are studied and taught should have copies on their bookshelves.

Induced Resistance for Plant Defense

Download Induced Resistance for Plant Defense PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118371836
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Induced Resistance for Plant Defense by : Dale R. Walters

Download or read book Induced Resistance for Plant Defense written by Dale R. Walters and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-20 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Induced resistance offers the prospect of broad spectrum, long-lasting and potentially environmentally-benign disease and pest control in plants. Induced Resistance for Plant Defense 2e provides a comprehensive account of the subject, encompassing the underlying science and methodology, as well as research on application of the phenomenon in practice. The second edition of this important book includes updated coverage of cellular aspects of induced resistance, including signalling and defenses, costs and trade-offs associated with the expression of induced resistance, research aimed at integrating induced resistance into crop protection practice, and induced resistance from a commercial perspective. Current thinking on how beneficial microbes induce resistance in plants has been included in the second edition. The 14 chapters in this book have been written by internationally-respected researchers and edited by three editors with considerable experience of working on induced resistance. Like its predecessor, the second edition of Induced Resistance for Plant Defense will be of great interest to plant pathologists, plant cell and molecular biologists, agricultural scientists, crop protection specialists, and personnel in the agrochemical industry. All libraries in universities and research establishments where biological, agricultural, horticultural and forest sciences are studied and taught should have copies of this book on their shelves.

Biotechnological Approaches for Pest Management and Ecological Sustainability

Download Biotechnological Approaches for Pest Management and Ecological Sustainability PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781420088489
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (884 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biotechnological Approaches for Pest Management and Ecological Sustainability by : Hari C Sharma

Download or read book Biotechnological Approaches for Pest Management and Ecological Sustainability written by Hari C Sharma and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-12-17 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to increasing problems occurring from massive applications of pesticides, such as insect resistance to pesticides, the use of biotechnological tools to minimize losses from insect pests has become inevitable. Presenting alternative strategies for alleviating biotic stresses, Biotechnological Approaches for Pest Management and Ecological Sustain

Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants

Download Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119432367
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants by : Shabir H. Wani

Download or read book Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants written by Shabir H. Wani and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-06 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demystifies the genetic, biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress tolerance in plants Heat stress—when high temperatures cause irreversible damage to plant function or development—severely impairs the growth and yield of agriculturally important crops. As the global population mounts and temperatures continue to rise, it is crucial to understand the biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms of thermotolerance to develop ‘climate-smart’ crops. Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants provides a holistic, cross-disciplinary survey of the latest science in this important field. Presenting contributions from an international team of plant scientists and researchers, this text examines heat stress, its impact on crop plants, and various mechanisms to modulate tolerance levels. Topics include recent advances in molecular genetic approaches to increasing heat tolerance, the potential role of biochemical and molecular markers in screening germplasm for thermotolerance, and the use of next-generation sequencing to unravel the novel genes associated with defense and metabolite pathways. This insightful book: Places contemporary research on heat stress in plants within the context of global climate change and population growth Includes diverse analyses from physiological, biochemical, molecular, and genetic perspectives Explores various approaches to increasing heat tolerance in crops of high commercial value, such as cotton Discusses the applications of plant genomics in the development of thermotolerant ‘designer crops’ An important contribution to the field, Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants is an invaluable resource for scientists, academics, students, and researchers working in fields of pulse crop biochemistry, physiology, genetics, breeding, and biotechnology.

The Forest Tent-caterpillar

Download The Forest Tent-caterpillar PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Forest Tent-caterpillar by : Victor H. Lowe

Download or read book The Forest Tent-caterpillar written by Victor H. Lowe and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Plant Defence: Biological Control

Download Plant Defence: Biological Control PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9789400719330
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plant Defence: Biological Control by : Jean Michel Mérillon

Download or read book Plant Defence: Biological Control written by Jean Michel Mérillon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-03 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To meet the challenge of feeding ever increasing human population, efficient, economical and environment friendly disease control methods are required. Pests are responsible for heavy crop losses and reduced food supplies, poorer quality of agricultural products, economic hardship for growers and processor. Generally, chemical control methods are neither always economical nor are they effective and may have associated unwanted health, safety and environmental risks. Biological control involves use of beneficial microorganism to control plant pathogens and diseases they cause and offers an environmental friendly approach to the effective management of plant diseases. This book provides a comprehensive account of interaction of host and its pathogens, induced host resistance, development of biological control agents for practical applications, the underlying mechanism and signal transduction. The book is useful to all those working in academia or industry related to crop protection.

Comprehensive and Molecular Phytopathology

Download Comprehensive and Molecular Phytopathology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080469331
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (693 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Comprehensive and Molecular Phytopathology by : Yuri Dyakov

Download or read book Comprehensive and Molecular Phytopathology written by Yuri Dyakov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-01-09 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a collection of information on successive steps of molecular ‘dialogue’ between plants and pathogens. It additionally presents data that reflects intrinsic logic of plant-parasite interactions. New findings discussed include: host and non-host resistance, specific and nonspecific elicitors, elicitors and suppressors, and plant and animal immunity. This book enables the reader to understand how to promote or prevent disease development, and allows them to systematize their own ideas of plant-pathogen interactions. * Offers a more extensive scope of the problem as compared to other books in the market * Presents data to allow consideration of host-parasite relationships in dynamics and reveals interrelations between pathogenicity and resistance factors * Discusses beneficial plant-microbe interactions and practical aspects of molecular investigations of plant-parasite relationships * Compares historical study of common and specific features of plant immunity with animal immunity

Mechanisms of Woody Plant Defenses Against Insects

Download Mechanisms of Woody Plant Defenses Against Insects PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781461283683
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (836 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Woody Plant Defenses Against Insects by : William J. Mattson

Download or read book Mechanisms of Woody Plant Defenses Against Insects written by William J. Mattson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-09-23 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1984, a new research working party on mechanismsofwoody plant resistance against insects and pathogens(lUFROS2. 05-06) was formed in the International Union ofForestryResearchOrganizations. Thepurposeofthisworkingparty istostimulate and facilitate research progress in this areathroughenhancedcommunication among themany researchscientistsscatteredamongthevariouscountriesoftheworld. This volume istheresultofthe first internationalsymposiumofthisworkingparty, which took place in Orleans. France on August 26-29, 1986. Thanks are due to Institute Nationalde laRechercheAgronomique, StationdeZoologie, Forestiere, fortheir in- strumental part in organizingthis symposium, and to the University and the Cityof Orleansforgenerousfinancial support. The intentofthis proceedings is to (a) bring together adiverse array ofresearch resultsonthemechanismsofwoodyplantresistanceagainstdifferentkindsofinsects. and(b) to search for threadsofcommonality among these different plant/insect as- sociationstofurtherourfundamental understandingofhowplantsdefendthemselves againstphytophagousorganisms. Theresearchpapersareorganizedintothreemaingroups. Thefirstgroupexamines plant defenses from various basic physiological and ecological considerations. The remaining papers, which are mainly case studiesofplant resistance against insects. arecategorizedon the basisofinsect intimacy with host tissues: (a) highly mobile. free feeders suchas moth larvae andsawflies, and (b)poorlymobile, "attached" or imbeddedfeederssuchasaphids, scales, miners, andbarkbeetles. Eachofthesesections isfurtherorganizedonthebasisofkindoftissueattackedbytheinsects, eitherleaves orstern/shootcortexand vasculartissues. Contents Preface v Contributors IX I. Basic Physiological and Ecological Considerations I. DefensiveStrategiesofWoody PlantsAgainst Different Insect-Feeding Guilds in Relation to Plant Ecological Strategiesand IntimacyofAssociation with Insects W. J. Mattson. R. K. Lawrence, R. A. Haack, D. A. Herms, and p. J. Charles 3 2. Towards a UnifiedTheoryofPlant Defense A. A. Berryman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3lJ 3. DefensiveResponsesofTrees inRelationtoTheirCarbon/NutrientBalance J. Tuomi, P. Niemela, F. S. Chapin,1II, J. P. Bryant, andS. Siren 57 4. GrowthandDifferentiation-BalanceRelationshipsinPinesAffectTheirRe- sistance to Bark Beetles(Coleoptera: Scolytidae) P. L. Lorio, Jr. 73 5. SeasonalVariations inEnergySourcesandBiosynthesisofTerpenes in Maritime Pine C. Bernard-Dagan 93 6. Terpene Biosynthesis Under PathologicalConditions C. Cheniclet, C. Bernard-Dagan, andG.