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Mechanisms Of Degradation Of Concrete By External Sulfate Ions Under Laboratory And Field Conditions
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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Degradation of Concrete by External Sulfate Ions Under Laboratory and Field Conditions by : Aude Chabrelie
Download or read book Mechanisms of Degradation of Concrete by External Sulfate Ions Under Laboratory and Field Conditions written by Aude Chabrelie and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structure Design and Degradation Mechanisms in Coastal Environments by : Abdelkarim Ait-Mokhtar
Download or read book Structure Design and Degradation Mechanisms in Coastal Environments written by Abdelkarim Ait-Mokhtar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-05-04 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provide a series of designs, materials, characterization and modeling, that will help create safer and stronger structures in coastal areas. The authors take a look at the different materials (porous, heterogeneous, concrete...), the moisture transfers in construction materials as well as the degradation caused by external attacks and put forth systems to monitor the structures or evaluate the performance reliability as well as degradation scenarios of coastal protection systems.
Book Synopsis External Sulphate Attack – Field Aspects and Lab Tests by : Esperanza Menéndez
Download or read book External Sulphate Attack – Field Aspects and Lab Tests written by Esperanza Menéndez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers contributions from the final workshop of the RILEM TC-251-SRT "Sulfate Resistance Testing" on External Sulfate Attack (TESA 2018), held on May 24-25, 2018 at IETcc-CSIC, Madrid, Spain. One of the Technical Committee’s main events, it addressed various aspects of external sulfate attack in concrete structures and test methods. The workshop promoted technical discussions and debates on ideas on these topics, with a focus on evaluating the resistance of concrete exposed to ESA. It also provided a forum for participants from around the globe to share their experiences and research on concrete structures affected by external sulfate attack and on test methods. The book discusses the latest advances in research related to ESA and new developments in test methods, and features real-world case studies of concrete structures affected by external sulfate attack in various countries. It also presents new studies linking field cases and lab tests, including 12 contributions on 3 main themes: mechanisms of alteration in external sulfate attack; field aspects of external sulfate attack; and testing to evaluate the resistance of concrete to external sulfate attack.
Book Synopsis Materials Science of Concrete by : Jacques Marchand
Download or read book Materials Science of Concrete written by Jacques Marchand and published by Wiley-American Ceramic Society. This book was released on 1999 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 18 papers grapple with new problems and old ones that remain unresolved concerning sulfate attack on concrete, not considered one of the most prevalent mechanisms of concrete deterioration, but one that has received much attention lately because of costly litigation against manufacturers, developers, and others. The topics include the role of ettringite in external sulfate attack, microstructural alterations in permeable concrete, assessing damage and predicting service life of venerable concrete, a marine environment, and the adequacy of standards. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis External Sulfate Attack of Concrete by : Federico Macias Aguayo Jr.
Download or read book External Sulfate Attack of Concrete written by Federico Macias Aguayo Jr. and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfate attack of concrete is perhaps the least understood of the major durability mechanisms plaguing reinforced concrete infrastructures. Many studies have attempted to better understand the underlying mechanisms in which the various modes of deterioration by sulfate attack manifest; however, several controversies still exist. Moreover, ASTM C 1012 (2012), which is the most commonly referred standardized laboratory test method to determine sulfate resistance of blended portland cement mixtures, does not always link well to field performance and may take up to 18 months to complete. The research program presented in this dissertation investigates various issues pertaining to the mechanisms, testing methods, and factors influencing external sulfate attack. The primary focus of this research study was to investigate and propose a reliable, and innovative accelerated test method to evaluate the sulfate performance using concrete specimens. The research program was divided into the following four key components: (1) design a method that can obtain results within a reasonable timeframe (less than six months); (2) design a method that uses concrete specimens and thus links more closely to field performance; (3) develop a better understanding on the role and mechanisms of sulfate attack on concrete through a comprehensive research program including field and laboratory investigations; and (4) investigate the use of calcium sulfate (gypsum) used as an additive to mitigate the potential of sulfate attack in blended portland cement mixtures using high-calcium fly ash. The findings in this dissertation led to the development of a potential accelerated test method for determining sulfate resistance by vacuum impregnating concrete (or mortar) samples with sulfate solution to accelerate the ingress and onset of chemical reactions between the hydrated cement paste and sulfate ion (SO42-). The effects of binder type, water-to-cementitious ratio (w/cm), curing regime, sulfate type and concentration are examined. In comparison to the conventional ASTM C 1012 method, results showed a higher rate of expansion with significant distress observed in samples subjected to the accelerated test method and placed in a 5% Na2SO4 solution. Similar trends, but at a relatively lower expansion rate, were also observed in samples placed in a 0.89% Na2SO4 solution. Physical measurements, chemical analysis and microstructural studies were performed periodically on the specimens.
Book Synopsis Sulfate Attack on Concrete by : J. Marchand
Download or read book Sulfate Attack on Concrete written by J. Marchand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-11 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfate Attack on Concrete provides a comprehensive reference to this important subject. It covers: a short history of concrete deterioration due to sulfate attack, the origin of sulfates in concrete, the importance of appropriate concrete processing, forms and physical-chemical mechanisms of concrete deterioration due to sulfates, preventative mea
Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling of Concrete Cracking by : Guenter Hofstetter
Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Concrete Cracking written by Guenter Hofstetter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-08 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents the underlying theories of the different approaches for modeling cracking of concrete and provides a critical survey of the state-of-the-art in computational concrete mechanics. It covers a broad spectrum of topics related to modeling of cracks, including continuum-based and discrete crack models, meso-scale models, advanced discretization strategies to capture evolving cracks based on the concept of finite elements with embedded discontinuities and on the extended finite element method, and extensions to coupled problems such a hygro-mechanical problems as required in computational durability analyses of concrete structures.
Book Synopsis Laboratory and Field Evaluations of External Sulfate Attack in Concrete by : Thanos Drimalas
Download or read book Laboratory and Field Evaluations of External Sulfate Attack in Concrete written by Thanos Drimalas and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete Publisher :FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton ISBN 13 : Total Pages :669 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Proceedings fib Symposium in Stockholm Sweden by : FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete
Download or read book Proceedings fib Symposium in Stockholm Sweden written by FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete and published by FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete Publisher :FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton ISBN 13 :1617828211 Total Pages :5718 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (178 download)
Book Synopsis 3rd fib Congress Washington USA by : FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete
Download or read book 3rd fib Congress Washington USA written by FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete and published by FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton. This book was released on 2010-06-01 with total page 5718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Geoenvironment and Geohazard by : Arvin Farid
Download or read book Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Geoenvironment and Geohazard written by Arvin Farid and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-10 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the seventh volume of the proceedings of the 4th GeoShanghai International Conference that was held on May 27 - 30, 2018. This volume, entitled “Geoenvironment and Geohazards”, presents the recent advances and technology in geoenvironmental engineering and geohazards. The state-of-the-art theories, methodologies and findings in the related topics are included. This book may benefit researchers and scientists from the academic fields of soil & rock mechanics, geotechnical engineering, geoenvironmental engineering, transportation engineering, geology, mining and energy, as well as practical engineers from the industry. Each of the papers included in this book received at least two positive peer reviews. The editors would like to express their sincerest appreciation to all of the anonymous reviewers all over the world, for their diligent work.
Download or read book Concrete written by Adam M. Neville and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 2006-05-26 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A book on concrete that looks at a problem or an issue, and discusses the underlying scientific and technological aspects, including broader contextual topics. It explains how closely we can determine the water - cement ratio of hardened concrete and considers whether we can verify the age of cracks by measuring carbonation.
Download or read book Concrete International written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mineral Admixtures in Cement and Concrete by : Jayant D. Bapat
Download or read book Mineral Admixtures in Cement and Concrete written by Jayant D. Bapat and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-08-06 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written to meet the requirements of engineers working in construction and concrete manufacturing, Mineral Admixtures in Cement and Concrete focuses on how to make more workable and durable concrete using mineral admixtures. In particular, it covers pulverized fuel ash (PFA), blast furnace slag (BFS), silica fume (SF), rice husk ash (RHA), and metak
Book Synopsis Laboratory and Field Evaluations of External Sulfate Attack by : Thanos Drimalas
Download or read book Laboratory and Field Evaluations of External Sulfate Attack written by Thanos Drimalas and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: External sulfate attack is a complex process that can result in concrete structures deteriorating prematurely. This dissertation describes a comprehensive evaluation of factors influencing external sulfate attack and includes both laboratory and field investigations. Significant emphasis was placed on evaluating the sulfate resistance of mortar and concrete containing high-calcium fly ash (Class C fly ash as per ASTM C 618). This investigation showed that these fly ashes generally reduced the sulfate resistance of mortar and concrete, but that sulfate resistance was possible through the incorporation of other supplementary cementing materials (silica fume and ultra fine fly ash) into these mixtures. Another key area of emphasis in this project was the correlation between accelerated laboratory tests and outdoor exposure site performance. The behavior of concrete exposed to various sulfate salts (sodium, magnesium, and calcium) was evaluated, both in static immersion tests and in outdoor sulfate trenches. It was found that the distress outdoors was exacerbated by physical sulfate attack, especially when concrete was exposed to sodium sulfate. It was found that lowering the water-tocementitious ratio (w/cm) and incorporating appropriate dosages of suitable supplementary cementing materials improved resistance to both chemical and physical forms of sulfate attack. Lastly, a comprehensive study of bridges throughout Texas discovered concrete structures suffering from possible external sulfate attack. The use of analytical techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used throughout the study to determine the presence of hydration products that may form with mortars and concrete specimens. Findings from this research will be implemented in specifications in Texas for the use of Class C fly ash use in concrete in areas that may have sulfate soils and groundwater.
Book Synopsis Laboratory and Field Evaluations of External Sulfate Attack, Phase II by : John Christopher Clement
Download or read book Laboratory and Field Evaluations of External Sulfate Attack, Phase II written by John Christopher Clement and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project, funded by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT 4889) is a continuation of research begun in 2004 by Thano Drimalas. This report focuses on the testing recommended in the dissertation published in 2007, and further expands testing for an improved understanding of external sulfate attack. Performance of mortars under ASTM C 1012 testing encompasses a large portion of this study. Construction of additional outdoor sulfate exposure sites with varying concentrations to represent the conditions in ACI 318-08 was also initiated to study the long-term behavior of various concrete mixtures subjected to varying sulfate types and concentrations. Evaluation of previously examined and unexplored field sites was also performed under this second phase of the project.
Book Synopsis Performance of Cement-Based Materials in Aggressive Aqueous Environments by : Mark Alexander
Download or read book Performance of Cement-Based Materials in Aggressive Aqueous Environments written by Mark Alexander and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-18 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete and cement-based materials must operate in increasingly aggressive aqueous environments, which may be either natural or industrial. These materials may suffer degradation in which ion addition and/or ion exchange reactions occur, leading to a breakdown of the matrix microstructure and consequent weakening. Sometimes this degradation can be extremely rapid and serious such as in acidic environments, while in other cases degradation occurs over long periods. Consequences of material failure are usually severe – adversely affecting the health and well-being of human communities and disturbing ecological balances. There are also large direct costs of maintaining and replacing deteriorated infrastructure and indirect costs from loss of production during maintenance work, which place a great burden on society. The focus of this book is on addressing issues concerning performance of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments , by way of this State-of-the-Art Report. The book represents the work of many well-known and respected authors who contributed chapters or parts of chapters. Four main themes were addressed: I. Nature and kinetics of degradation and deterioration mechanisms of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments, II. Modelling of deterioration in such environments, III. Test methods to assess performance of cement-based materials in such environments, and which can be used to characterise and rate relative performance and inform long term predictions, IV. Engineering implications and consequences of deterioration in aggressive aqueous environments, and engineering approaches to the problem.
