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Mechanical Properties Of Niobium Cavities
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Book Synopsis Mechanical Properties of Niobium Cavities by :
Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Niobium Cavities written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanical stability of bulk Nb cavity is an important aspect to be considered in relation to cavity material, geometry and treatments. Mechanical properties of Nb are typically obtained from uniaxial tensile tests of small samples. In this contribution we report the results of measurements of the resonant frequency and local strain along the contour of single-cell cavities made of ingot and fine-grain Nb of different purity subjected to increasing uniform differential pressure, up to 6 atm. Measurements have been done on cavities subjected to different heat treatments. Good agreement between finite element analysis simulations and experimental data in the elastic regime was obtained with a single set of values of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. The experimental results indicate that the yield strength of medium-purity ingot Nb cavities is higher than that of fine-grain, high-purity Nb.
Book Synopsis Mechanical Properties of Niobium Radio-frequency Cavities by :
Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Niobium Radio-frequency Cavities written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radio-frequency cavities made of bulk niobium are one of the components used in modern particle accelerators. The mechanical stability is an important aspect of cavity design, which typically relies on finite-element analysis simulations using material properties from tensile tests on sample. This contribution presents the results of strain and resonant frequency measurements as a function of a uniform pressure up to 722 kPa, applied to single-cell niobium cavities with different crystallographic structure, purity and treatments. In addition, burst tests of high-purity multi-cell cavities with different crystallographic structure have been conducted up to the tensile strength of the material. Finite-element analysis of the single-cell cavity geometry is in good agreement with the observed behavior in the elastic regime assuming a Young's modulus value of 88.5 GPa and a Poisson's ratio of 0.4, regardless of crystallographic structure, purity or treatment. However, the measured yield strength and tensile strength depend on crystallographic structure, material purity and treatment. In particular, the results from this study show that the mechanical properties of niobium cavities with large crystals are comparable to those of cavities made of fine-grain niobium.
Book Synopsis Physical Properties of Niobium and Specifications for Fabrication of Superconducting Cavities by :
Download or read book Physical Properties of Niobium and Specifications for Fabrication of Superconducting Cavities written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is important to distinguish among the properties of niobium, the ones that are related to the cavity's SRF performances, the formability of the material, and the mechanical behavior of the formed cavity. In general, the properties that dictate each of the above mentioned characteristics have a detrimental effect on one another and in order to preserve the superconducting properties without subduing the mechanical behavior, a balance has to be established. Depending on the applications, some parameters become less important and an understanding of the physical origin of the requirements might help in this optimization. SRF applications require high purity niobium (high RRR), but pure niobium is very soft from fabrication viewpoint. Moreover conventional fabrication techniques tend to override the effects of any metallurgical process meant to strengthen it. As those treatments dramatically affect the forming of the material they should be avoided. These unfavorable mechanical properties have to be accounted for in the design of the cavities rather than in the material specification. The aim of this paper is to review the significance of the important mechanical properties used to characterize niobium and to present the optimal range of values. Most of the following information deals with the specification of sheets for cell forming unless otherwise noted.
Book Synopsis Mechanical Properties of High Purity Niobium - Novel Measurements by : Ganapati Myneni
Download or read book Mechanical Properties of High Purity Niobium - Novel Measurements written by Ganapati Myneni and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the procedures to improve the performance of superconducting niobium cavities is a heat treatment for several hours in an ultrahigh vacuum at temperatures between 800C and 1400C for hydrogen degassing or post-purification, respectively. However, it was recently observed with Spallation Neutron Source Project (SNS) prototype cavities, that a heat treatment at 800 C for even 1 hour degraded the mechanical properties of RRR niobium, in particular the yield strength. This lower strength resulted in cavity deformations during handling thus affecting both their resonant frequency and field profile. In addition to lowering the yield strength, it was observed in some lots of material that the Young's modulus was also apparently reduced by a factor of 2 as a result of the hydrogen outgassing at 800 C. Surprisingly, material received at other national laboratories exhibited similar anomalous behavior even without any heat treatments in vacuum. Based on these observations a multi-institutional collaborative basic research activity on high RRR niobium (determination of Nb yield strength as a function of grain size, work hardening, chemical composition, and heat treatment temperature) has been initiated by JLAB to gain a better understanding of the material properties affecting the mechanical behavior In this contribution, a brief review of the measurements at JLAB, at the Materials Science and Engineering Department of the University of Virginia, at the Analytical Chemistry and Metallurgy Divisions of the National Institute of Standard and Technology, Gaithersburg and in the Department of Physics, SUNY, Albany are presented. The measurements include yield strength, hardness, ultrasonic velocity, crystallographic structure, microstructure, determination of interstitial contents using internal friction; particular emphasis is placed on determining the hydrogen concentration in the niobium via Cold Neutron Prompt Gamma-Ray Activation Analysis and Neutron Incoherent Scattering and to measure hydrogen depth profiles near surface regions by Nuclear Reactions Analysis.
Book Synopsis Tensile Tests of Niobium Material for SRF Cavities by :
Download or read book Tensile Tests of Niobium Material for SRF Cavities written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanical tests of cavity-grade niobium samples were conducted to provide engineering information for the certification of 3rd-harmonic superconducting radio-frequency cavities and cryomodules. Large changes of mechanical properties occur throughout the cavity fabrication process due to the cold work introduced by forming, the heating introduced by electron beam welding, and the recovery of cold work during the anneal used to degas hydrogen after chemical processing. Data is provided here to show the different properties at various stages of fabrication, including both weld regions and samples from the bulk niobium far away from the weld. Measurements of RRR were used to assure that any contamination during annealing was negligible.
Book Synopsis Physical and Mechanical Properties of Single and Large Crystal High-RRR Niobium by : Ganapati Myneni
Download or read book Physical and Mechanical Properties of Single and Large Crystal High-RRR Niobium written by Ganapati Myneni and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High RRR bulk niobium SRF cavities are the building blocks of the latest and future particle accelerators, free electron lasers (FEL's) and energy recovery linacs (ERL's.). These cavities are fabricated from high purity (RRR) poly crystalline niobium sheets via deep drawing, e-beam welding and surface treatment to obtain high accelerating gradients and quality factors. However, the starting bulk RRR niobium properties are not yet optimized with respect to both cost reduction and achievement of ultimate performance. A major limitation in achieving the highest performance can possibly be attributed to imperfections at or near the grain boundaries. Recently, at Jefferson Lab single/large grain RRR niobium cavities are developed using customized RRR ingots with optimized amounts of impurities such as Tantalum and minimizing the interstitial contents (O, C, N and H).
Book Synopsis Investigations of Residual Stresses and Mechanical Properties of Single Crystal Niobium for SRF Cavities by :
Download or read book Investigations of Residual Stresses and Mechanical Properties of Single Crystal Niobium for SRF Cavities written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work investigates properties of large grained, high purity niobium with respect to the forming of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities from such large grained sheets. The yield stresses were examined using tensile specimens that were essentially single crystals in orientations evenly distributed in the standard projection triangle. No distinct yield anisotropy was found, however, vacuum annealing increased the yield strength by a factor 2.3. The deep drawing forming operation of the half cells raises the issues of elastic shape changes after the release of the forming tool (springback) and residual stresses, both of which are indicated to be negligible. This is a consequence of the low yield stress (
Book Synopsis The Mechanical Properties of Niobium and Its Alloys with Molybdenum by : Ahmad Mahmoud Omar
Download or read book The Mechanical Properties of Niobium and Its Alloys with Molybdenum written by Ahmad Mahmoud Omar and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Procès de M. de Calonne ou République à son libelle by :
Download or read book Procès de M. de Calonne ou République à son libelle written by and published by . This book was released on 1788 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Oxygen on the Mechanical Properties of Niobium Alloys by : J. D. W. Rawson
Download or read book The Effect of Oxygen on the Mechanical Properties of Niobium Alloys written by J. D. W. Rawson and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physical and Mechanical Properties of Niobium for SRF Science and Technology by : Ganapati Rao Myneni
Download or read book Physical and Mechanical Properties of Niobium for SRF Science and Technology written by Ganapati Rao Myneni and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimized mechanical and physical properties of high purity niobium are crucial for obtaining high performance SRF particle beam accelerator structures consistently. This paper summarizes these important material properties for both high purity polycrystalline and single crystal niobium.
Book Synopsis Effect of Oxygen on Mechanical Properties of Niobium by : Edwin Paul Neubauer
Download or read book Effect of Oxygen on Mechanical Properties of Niobium written by Edwin Paul Neubauer and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis RF Superconductivity for Accelerators by : Hasan Padamsee
Download or read book RF Superconductivity for Accelerators written by Hasan Padamsee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-26 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces some of the key ideas of this exciting field, using a pedagogic approach, and presents a comprehensive overview of the field. It is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the basic concepts of microwave cavities for particle acceleration. The second part is devoted to the observed behavior of superconducting cavities. In the third part,general issues connected with beam-cavity interaction and the related issues for the critical components are covered. The final part discusses applications of superconducting cavities to frontier accelerators of the future, drawing heavily on the examples that are in their most advanced stage. Each part of the book ends in a Problems section to illustrate and amplify text material as well as draw on example applications of superconducting cavities to existing and future accelerators.
Book Synopsis Investigation of the Superconducting Properties of Niobium Radio-frequency Cavities by : Gianluigi Ciovati
Download or read book Investigation of the Superconducting Properties of Niobium Radio-frequency Cavities written by Gianluigi Ciovati and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1070 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Alloying on Physico-mechanical Properties of Niobium by : N. D. Tarasov
Download or read book Effect of Alloying on Physico-mechanical Properties of Niobium written by N. D. Tarasov and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conclusions: Alloying of niobium in the area of solid solutions causes a rise in strength and reduction in plasticity of the alloys at room temperature in conformity with the general rules governing the strengthening of solid solutions; the most effective strengthening effect on niobium is produced by Cr, Re, Zr and Ir, considerably differing from niobium in atomic diameters. In proportion to the increase in concentration of solid niobium solutions with tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, molybdenum and iridium, there is an increase in elasticity modulus at room and high temperatures, there is an increase in characteristic temperature and in high temperature strength, thermal expansion coefficient decreases, which is evident by the increase in forces of interatomic reaction. In niobium alloys with heterogeneous structure of physico-mechanical properties are determined by the strengthening of the solid solutions and the characteristics of the second phase. In alloys with boron, lathanum and silicon maximum strengthening is caused by boron. (Author).
Book Synopsis Single Crystal and Polycrystalline Niobium and OFE Copper for SRF Cavities Applications by : Jean-François Croteau
Download or read book Single Crystal and Polycrystalline Niobium and OFE Copper for SRF Cavities Applications written by Jean-François Croteau and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manufacturing of superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities with high performances is paramount to increase the collision energy in new particle accelerators. The use of high-speed sheet forming techniques, such as electro-hydraulic forming, can be beneficial, but requires a detailed understanding of the mechanical properties of the materials being deformed and the consequence on their microstructure. This thesis focuses on the characterization of high-purity niobium single crystals, polycrystalline niobium sheets, and polycrystalline OFE copper sheets. The results from this study are separated in two parts. In Part I, the characterization of niobium single crystals focused on the mechanical properties in tension and compression at strain rates of 10-4 to 103 s-1 and on the microstructure (analyzed using SEM, EBSD, TEM, and nanoindentation) of the deformed specimens. The effect of crystal orientation, strain rate, and loading direction on the mechanical properties, the crystal rotation, and the dislocation substructures are presented. In Part II, the forming limit diagram (FLD) of polycrystalline niobium sheets and OFE copper sheets were measured at a quasi-static strain rate. The FLDs of those materials should provide important data for manufacturers using conventional techniques, such as deep-drawing and spinning. The second part also presents the mechanical properties of electron beam (EB) welded polycrystalline niobium sheets and OFE copper sheets deformed in tension and compression at strain rates of 10-3 to 103 s-1.
