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Measuring The Energies And Multiplicities Of Prompt Gamma Ray Emissions From Neutron Induced Fission Of 235 U Using The Steff Spectrometer
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Book Synopsis Measuring the Energies and Multiplicities of Prompt Gamma-ray Emissions from Neutron-induced Fission of 235 U Using the STEFF Spectrometer by : James Ryan
Download or read book Measuring the Energies and Multiplicities of Prompt Gamma-ray Emissions from Neutron-induced Fission of 235 U Using the STEFF Spectrometer written by James Ryan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement of Prompt Gamma-ray Energy Distribution and Multiplicity of U-235 Following Thermal Fission Using STEFF. by : Elizabeth Murray
Download or read book Measurement of Prompt Gamma-ray Energy Distribution and Multiplicity of U-235 Following Thermal Fission Using STEFF. written by Elizabeth Murray and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1970-11 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurements of Total Gamma-ray Energy and Multiplicity from the Fission of 252Cf Using STEFF. by : Andrew Joseph Pollitt
Download or read book Measurements of Total Gamma-ray Energy and Multiplicity from the Fission of 252Cf Using STEFF. written by Andrew Joseph Pollitt and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spectrometric Techniques for Measuring Environmental Gamma Radiation by : Harold L. Beck
Download or read book Spectrometric Techniques for Measuring Environmental Gamma Radiation written by Harold L. Beck and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Delayed Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy for Non-Destructive Assay of Nuclear Materials by :
Download or read book Delayed Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy for Non-Destructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-energy, beta-delayed gamma-ray spectroscopy is a potential, non-destructive assay techniques for the independent verification of declared quantities of special nuclear materials at key stages of the fuel cycle and for directly assaying nuclear material inventories for spent fuel handling, interim storage, reprocessing facilities, repository sites, and final disposal. Other potential applications include determination of MOX fuel composition, characterization of nuclear waste packages, and challenges in homeland security and arms control verification. Experimental measurements were performed to evaluate fission fragment yields, to test methods for determining isotopic fractions, and to benchmark the modeling code package. Experimental measurement campaigns were carried out at the IAC using a photo-neutron source and at OSU using a thermal neutron beam from the TRIGA reactor to characterize the emission of high-energy delayed gamma rays from 235U, 239Pu, and 241Pu targets following neutron induced fission. Data were collected for pure and combined targets for several irradiation/spectroscopy cycle times ranging from 10/10 seconds to 15/30 minutes. The delayed gamma-ray signature of 241Pu, a significant fissile constituent in spent fuel, was measured and compared to 239Pu. The 241Pu/239Pu ratios varied between 0.5 and 1.2 for ten prominent lines in the 2700-3600 keV energy range. Such significant differences in relative peak intensities make it possible to determine relative fractions of these isotopes in a mixed sample. A method for determining fission product yields by fitting the energy and time dependence of the delayed gamma-ray emission was developed and demonstrated on a limited 235U data set. De-convolution methods for determining fissile fractions were developed and tested on the experimental data. The use of high count-rate LaBr3 detectors was investigated as a potential alternative to HPGe detectors. Modeling capabilities were added to an existing framework and codes were adapted as needed for analyzing experiments and assessing application-specific assay concepts. A de-convolution analysis of the delayed gamma-ray response spectra modeled for spent fuel assemblies was performed using the same method that was applied to the experimental spectra.
Book Synopsis Practical Gamma-ray Spectrometry by : Gordon Gilmore
Download or read book Practical Gamma-ray Spectrometry written by Gordon Gilmore and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-11-25 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cutting-edge new edition of the classic introduction to radioactive measurement Gammy-Ray Spectrometry is a key technique in the study of radioactive decay. It measures the rate and extent of radioactivity from a variety of sources, both natural and artificial, including cosmic ray sources, nuclear reactors, high-energy physics experiments, and more. The resulting data can be essential to environmental monitoring and to a range of experimental sciences. For years, Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry has served as the classic introduction to this area for current or aspiring practitioners. A comprehensive but accessible treatment of the subject, with a thorough discussion of all major classes of detectors and their associated electronic systems, it contains everything a researcher needs to make optimal gamma-ray measurements. Now fully updated to reflect the latest technology and experimental data, it is a must-own for researchers looking to incorporate gamma-ray spectrometry into their scientific practice. Readers of the third edition of Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry will also find: Fault-finding guide for rapid and effective problem resolution Workshop-style approach emphasizing the fundamentals of laboratory practice New sections dealing with novel developments in nuclear structure research, measuring effects of pollution and climate change, new semiconductor materials, and more Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry is ideal for PhD students and practicing gamma-ray spectroscopists, including researchers working on radiation, energy and environmental monitoring professionals, and researchers working in physics, archaeometry, and related subjects.
Author :National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements (U.S.) Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :100 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Measurement of Absorbed Dose of Neutrons, and of Mixtures of Neutrons and Gamma Rays by : National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements (U.S.)
Download or read book Measurement of Absorbed Dose of Neutrons, and of Mixtures of Neutrons and Gamma Rays written by National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of the Recent TSF Secondary Gamma-ray Experiment by : F. L. Keller
Download or read book Analysis of the Recent TSF Secondary Gamma-ray Experiment written by F. L. Keller and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neutron-gamma Ray Spectrometer by : James Duncan Hall
Download or read book Neutron-gamma Ray Spectrometer written by James Duncan Hall and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A neutron-gamma ray spectrometer developed at Texas Nuclear Corporation is described. The spectrometer employs pulse shape discrimination in an organic scintillator detector to selectively detect neutrons or gamma rays in a mixed field by a method not utilizing space charge limiting. Selective detection may be obtained for neutrons of energy higher than 0.7 MeV and for gamma rays above 0.25 MeV. Spectral information is usable to 15 MeV for neutrons and to 4 MeV for gamma rays. Detection efficiencies range from about 6% to 30%. Typical spectra, data analysis procedure, and operating characteristics of the spectrometer are presented.
Book Synopsis Beta and Gamma Decay Heat Measurements Between 0.1s - 50,000s for Neturon Fission of 235U, 238U and 239Pu. Progress Report, June 1, 1992--December 31, 1994 by :
Download or read book Beta and Gamma Decay Heat Measurements Between 0.1s - 50,000s for Neturon Fission of 235U, 238U and 239Pu. Progress Report, June 1, 1992--December 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the investigations reported here, a helium-jet/tape-transport system was used for the rapid transfer of fission products to a low-background environment where their aggregate beta and gamma-ray spectra were measured as a function of delay time after neutron induced fission of 235U, 238U and 239Pu. Beta and gamma-ray energy distributions have been deduced for delay times as short as 0.2 s and extending out to 100,000s. Instrumentation development during the initial phase of the project included: (1) assembly and characterization of a NaI(Tl) spectrometer for determining aggregate gamma-ray energy distributions, (2) development and characterization of a beta spectrometer (having excellent gamma-ray rejection) for measuring aggregate beta-particle energy distributions, (3) assembly and characterization of a Compton-suppressed HPGe spectrometer for determining gamma-ray intensities of individual fission products to deduce fission-product yields. Spectral decomposition and analysis codes were developed for deducing energy distributions from measured aggregate beta and gamma spectra. The aggregate measurements in the time interval 0.2 - 20s after fission are of special importance since in this region data from many short-lived nuclei are missing and summation calculations in this region rely on model calculations for a large fraction of their predicted beta and gamma decay heat energy spectra. Comparison with ENDF/B-VI fission product data was performed in parallel with the measurements through a close collaboration with Dr. T. England at LANL, assisted by one of our graduate students. Such aggregate measurements provide tests of the Gross Theory of beta decay used to calculated missing contributions to this data base. Fission-product yields deduced from the HPGe studies will check the accuracy of the semi-empirical Gaussian dispersion model used presently by evaluators in the absence of measured yields.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Spectroscopy by : Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
Download or read book Nuclear Spectroscopy written by Fay Ajzenberg-Selove and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Spectroscopy, Part A deals with the experimental and theoretical techniques involved in nuclear spectroscopy. This book discusses the interactions of charged particles with matter, gaseous ionization detectors, and particular mass attenuation coefficients. The magnetic gamma-ray spectrometers for photo or internal-conversion electrons, general characteristics of cross-section variation with energy, and measurement of fast neutron spectra are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the elastic scattering of photons by nuclei and measurement of widths of gamma-radiating levels. This publication is recommended for graduate students preparing for experimental research in nuclear spectroscopy, students who have completed graduate-level courses in quantum mechanics and nuclear physics, and specialists who wish to acquire a broader understanding of nuclear spectroscopy.
Book Synopsis Measurements of Prompt Gamma Rays Emitted in Fission of 238U and 239 Pu Induced by Fast Neutrons from the LICORNE Neutron Source by : Liqiang Qi
Download or read book Measurements of Prompt Gamma Rays Emitted in Fission of 238U and 239 Pu Induced by Fast Neutrons from the LICORNE Neutron Source written by Liqiang Qi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Beta and Gamma Decay Heat Measurements Between 0.1s-50,000s for Neutron Fission of 235U, 238U and 239Pu. Progress Report, March 1, 1993--January 31, 1994 by :
Download or read book Beta and Gamma Decay Heat Measurements Between 0.1s-50,000s for Neutron Fission of 235U, 238U and 239Pu. Progress Report, March 1, 1993--January 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decay heat measurements following the fast fission of 238U are well underway. The He-jet system and spectrometers were moved to the 1 MW research reactor to gain sufficient fast neutron flux for these measurements. On the Van de Graaff accelerator, the He-jet capillary has been shortened so that beta and gamma measurements following the thermal neutron fission of 235U could be made down to delay times near 0.1 s. Gamma-ray response functions are now well characterized for gamma energies up to 1.5 MeV for our large Nal spectrometer. Such response functions out to high energies are needed to extract energy distributions of our measured gamma spectra. The response function unfolding program, FERD-PC, has been operated successfully with trial spectra. Comparisons of individual fission products for 235U(n{sub th}f) with ENDF/B-VI at short delay times suggest several improvements to the data base particularly in production probabilities. The new data acquisition and data analysis systems have arrived and will soon be brought on line extending considerably the capabilities of our research group.
Book Synopsis Signatures of Special Nuclear Material by :
Download or read book Signatures of Special Nuclear Material written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since September 11, 2001, much effort has been devoted to the development of new and improved means for the detection and prevention of the clandestine transport of special nuclear material (SNM, i.e. 235U or 239Pu) and other materials for producing weapons of mass destruction. In a recent Brief Communication, Borozdin et al. showed that cosmic-ray muons could be used to image dense objects inside containers. Here we describe a method for unequivocally identifying SNM in large seagoing containers. Our method is based on the fact that neutron-induced fission of 235U or 239Pu is followed by [beta] decays of short-lived fission fragments during which large numbers of high-energy [gamma] rays (above 3000 keV) are emitted. These [gamma] rays have energies above those of natural [gamma] background, are emitted with significantly greater intensity per fission than [beta]-delayed neutrons, have much higher probabilities of escaping hydrogenous cargo loadings than neutrons, and their energy spectra and time dependencies provide a unique signature of SNM. To demonstrate the main properties of high-energy delayed [gamma] rays, we produced neutrons by bombarding a 1-inch thick water-cooled Be target with 16-MeV deuterons from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-Inch Cyclotron. Neutrons were moderated using steel and polyethylene. We employed a pneumatic transfer system to shuttle targets from the irradiation location inside the polyethylene moderator to a remote shielded counting station. We irradiated 235U (93% isotopic content), 239Pu (95% isotopic content), wood, polyethylene, aluminum, sandstone, and steel targets for 30 seconds (in a thermal-neutron flux of 1.5 x 106/cm2-sec) and acquired 10 sequential [gamma]-ray spectra, each of 3 sec. duration starting 3 sec. after the end of bombardment. We used an 80% relative efficiency coaxial germanium detector and a 30-cm x 30-cm x 10-cm plastic scintillator to detect [gamma] rays and acquired data using ORTEC PC-based electronics and software. The qualitative difference in the spectra from SNM versus that of any other material is illustrated in Figure 1, where we show the results obtained following the irradiations of 0.568 grams of 239Pu and 115 grams of steel. From the steel target, we observed a small number of low-energy [gamma] rays produced by the decays of long-lived isotopes such as {sup 56M}n (t12 = 2.58 hours). Similar results were obtained for all other non-SNM targets. However, we observed a large number of high-energy [gamma] rays produced by the decays of short-lived fission fragments from the 239Pu target. Thermal-neutron fission of 235U produces about 3 times as many delayed high-energy [gamma] rays as from 239Pu. We concluded that a sensitive method to identify SNM is simply to integrate the total number of events in a wide energy interval. The results of this type of analysis for two energy intervals, (3000-4000 keV) and (4000-8000 keV), are shown. The integrated numbers of events from irradiated SNM decay with a short effective half-life of approximately 25 seconds, whereas those from all other materials tested showed much longer decay times. These two features--large numbers of high-energy [gamma] rays decaying with a short effective half-life--provide a unique signature of SNM. Because of the high-density of [gamma]-ray lines produced by the decays of fission fragments, a practical system for interrogating large objects would not require high resolution detectors. In fact, we obtained the same results using the low-resolution plastic scintillator as we did with the germanium detector. Based on our measurements, we have estimated the response of a full-scale system employing a 14-MeV neutron generator producing 1011 neutrons per second and an array of scintillator detectors surrounding a standard cargo container in which a 5-cm diameter sphere of 239Pu was hidden inside a load of wood. Neutron irradiation of this container for 30 seconds would result in about 350 detected [gamma]-ray events above 3000 keV in 30 seconds (for 235U the detected yield would be approximately 1000 events). Thus an entire cargo container could be scanned for SNM in about 1 minute. This system could be combined with a radiographic imaging system for rapid identification of SNM in a wide range of applications.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Spectrometer Applications by : Nuclear Measurements Corporation (Indianapolis, Ind.)
Download or read book Nuclear Spectrometer Applications written by Nuclear Measurements Corporation (Indianapolis, Ind.) and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Measurement of Gamma-ray Energies with a Single Channel Scintillation Spectrometer by : Richard Elton Holladay
Download or read book The Measurement of Gamma-ray Energies with a Single Channel Scintillation Spectrometer written by Richard Elton Holladay and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: