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Measurement Of The Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum Above 25times 1018 Ev Using The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Download or read book Lightning written by Vladimir A. Rakov and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-08 with total page 1485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lightning: Physics and Effects is the first book that covers essentially all aspects of lightning, including lightning physics, lightning protection and the interaction of lightning with a variety of objects and systems as well as with the environment. It is written in a style that will be accessible to the technical non-expert and is addressed to anyone interested in lightning and its effects. This will include physicists, engineers working in the power, communications, computer and aviation industries, meteorologists, atmospheric chemists, foresters, ecologists, physicians working in the area of electrical trauma and architects. This comprehensive reference volume contains over 300 illustrations, 70 tables containing quantitative information and a bibliography of more than 6000 references.
Book Synopsis Studies of the Highest Energy Cosmic Ray Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory Hybrid Dectector by : Bei Cai
Download or read book Studies of the Highest Energy Cosmic Ray Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory Hybrid Dectector written by Bei Cai and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Principal Axes of the Directional Energy Distribution of Cosmic Rays Measured with the Pierre Auger Observatory by : Tobias Winchen
Download or read book The Principal Axes of the Directional Energy Distribution of Cosmic Rays Measured with the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Tobias Winchen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ultra-high Energy Particle Astrophysics by : Shigeru Yoshida
Download or read book Ultra-high Energy Particle Astrophysics written by Shigeru Yoshida and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many kinds of radiation exist in the universe, including photons and particles with a wide range of energies. Some of the radiation is produced in stars and galaxies, and some is cosmological background radiation, a relic from the history of cosmic evolution. Among all this radiation, the most energetic are cosmic ray particles: nucleons, nuclei, and even extremely energetic gamma rays. There are some observational facts about cosmic rays to give suggestions on their origin. The most important one among them is that the energy spectrum of high energy cosmic rays above 10 GeV (where the magnetic field of the sun is no longer a concern) is well represented by a power law form. This indicates cosmic ray particles are products of non-thermal processes. Their energy extends over more than 13 decades from 107 eV up to 1020 eV. In terms of its structure, the spectrum can be divided into three regions: two 'knees' and one 'ankle'. The first 'knee' appears around 3×1015 eV where the spectral power law index changes from -2.7 to -3.0. The second 'knee' is somewhere between 1017 eV and 1018 eV where the spectral slope changes from -3.0 to around -3.3. The 'ankle' is seen at or after 3×1018 eV. Above that energy the spectral slope is around -2.7, but with a large uncertainty because of poor statistics and resolution. This book deals with the final and most energetic population, the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs).
Book Synopsis Physics of Collisionless Shocks by : André Balogh
Download or read book Physics of Collisionless Shocks written by André Balogh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-04 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book provides a contemporary systematic treatment of shock waves in high-temperature collisionless plasmas as are encountered in near Earth space and in Astrophysics. It consists of two parts. Part I develops the complete theory of shocks in dilute hot plasmas under the assumption of absence of collisions among the charged particles when the interaction is mediated solely by the self-consistent electromagnetic fields. Such shocks are naturally magnetised implying that the magnetic field plays an important role in their evolution and dynamics. This part treats subcritical shocks which dissipate flow energy by generating anomalous resistance or viscosity. The main emphasis is, however, on super-critical shocks where the anomalous dissipation is insufficient to retard the upstream flow. These shocks, depending on the direction of the upstream magnetic field, are distinguished as quasi-perpendicular and quasi-parallel shocks which exhibit different behaviours, reflecting particles back upstream and generating high electromagnetic wave intensities. Particle acceleration and turbulence at such shocks become possible and important. Part II treats planetary bow shocks and the famous Heliospheric Termination shock as examples of two applications of the theory developed in part I.
Book Synopsis Acceleration and Propagation of Cosmic Rays in High-Metallicity Astrophysical Environments by : Ana Laura Müller
Download or read book Acceleration and Propagation of Cosmic Rays in High-Metallicity Astrophysical Environments written by Ana Laura Müller and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis addresses the feasibility of the production of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays in starburst galaxies and active galactic nuclei. These astrophysical objects were theoretically proposed as candidate sources a long time ago. Nevertheless, the interest in them has been recently renewed due to the observational data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. In this work, a comprehensive review of the current status of the research on cosmic rays accelerators is provided, along with a summary of the principal concepts needed to connect these relativistic particles with electromagnetic and neutrino observations in the multi-messenger era. On one hand, the hypothesis of accelerating particles with energies above 1018 eV in starburst superwinds is carefully revisited, taking into account the constraints imposed by the most recent electromagnetic observations. On the other hand, an alternative new model for the gamma emission of the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068 is presented. The implications of the results of these studies are discussed in terms of the contemporary observatories and prospects for future experiments are offered.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781725623118 Total Pages :26 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (231 download)
Book Synopsis Cosmic Ray-Air Shower Measurement from Space by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Cosmic Ray-Air Shower Measurement from Space written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-17 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A feasibility study has been initiated to observe from space the highest energy cosmic rays above 1021 eV. A satellite observatory concept, the Maximum-energy Auger (Air)-Shower Satellite (MASS), is recently renamed as the Orbital Wide-angle Collector (OWL) by taking its unique feature of using a very wide field-of-view (FOV) optics. A huge array of imaging devices (about 10(exp 6) pixels) is required to detect and record fluorescent light profiles of cosmic ray cascades in the atmosphere. The FOV of MASS could extend to as large as about 60 in. diameter, which views (500 - 1000 km) of earth's surface and more than 300 - 1000 cosmic ray events per year could be observed above 1020 eV. From far above the atmosphere, the MASS/OWL satellite should be capable of observing events at all angles including near horizontal tracks, and would have considerable aperture for high energy photon and neutrino observation. With a large aperture and the spatial and temporal resolution, MASS could determine the energy spectrum, the mass composition, and arrival anisotropy of cosmic rays from 1020 eV to 1022 eV; a region hitherto not explored by ground-based detectors such as the Fly's Eye and air-shower arrays. MASS/OWL's ability to identify cosmic neutrinos and gamma rays may help providing evidence for the theory which attributes the above cut-off cosmic ray flux to the decay of topological defects. Very wide FOV optics system of MASS/OWL with a large array of imaging devices is applicable to observe other atmospheric phenomena including upper atmospheric lightning. The wide FOV MASS optics being developed can also improve ground-based gamma-ray observatories by allowing simultaneous observation of many gamma ray sources located at different constellations. Takahashi, Yoshiyuki Marshall Space Flight Center NASA-CR-204041, NAS 1.26:204041 NAS8-38609; NCC8-65...
Book Synopsis Magnetospheric Imaging by : Yaireska M. Collado-Vega
Download or read book Magnetospheric Imaging written by Yaireska M. Collado-Vega and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-12-04 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetospheric Imaging: Understanding the Space Environment through Global Measurements is a state-of-the-art resource on new and advanced techniques and technologies used in measuring and examining the space environment on a global scale. Chapters detail this emergent field by exploring optical imaging, ultraviolet imaging, energetic neutral atom imaging, X-ray imaging, radio frequency imaging, and magnetic field imaging. Each technique is clearly described, with details about the technologies involved, how they work, and both their opportunities and limitations. Magnetospheric imaging is still a relatively young capability in magnetospheric research, hence this book is an ideal resource on this burgeoning field of study. This book is a comprehensive resource for understanding where the field stands, as well as providing a stepping stone for continued advancement of the field, from developing new techniques, to applying techniques on other planetary bodies. - Summarizes and reviews significant progress in the field of magnetospheric imaging - Covers all of the techniques and technologies available, including a basic overview of each, as well as what it can accomplish, how it works, what its limitations are, and how it might be improved - Details ways for measuring the space environment on a global scale, what physical measurements various technologies can provide, and how they can be effectively used
Book Synopsis Cosmic Rays by : Zbigniew Szadkowski
Download or read book Cosmic Rays written by Zbigniew Szadkowski and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-08-22 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements in present experiments have dramatically advanced our understanding of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. The suppression of the flux at the highest energies is now confirmed without any doubt, and strong limits have been placed on the photon and neutrino components. There are indications for a small, large-scale anisotropy both below and above the energy of the angle and for a correlation on smaller angular scales at E > 5.5*1019 eV. Around 3*1018 eV, there is a distinct change of slope with energy, and the shower-to-shower variance decreases. Interpreted with the leading LHC-tuned shower models, this implies a gradual shift to a heavier composition, and a number of fundamentally different astrophysical model scenarios have been developed to describe this evolution.
Book Synopsis Cosmic Ray Physics by : Veronica Bindi
Download or read book Cosmic Ray Physics written by Veronica Bindi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-03-27 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces you to the physics of cosmic rays, charged particles which reach us from known – and maybe unknown – sources in the cosmos. Starting from a brief history of this fascinating field, it reviews what we know about the creation of elements in the Big Bang and inside stars. It explains cosmic accelerators reaching fabulous energies. It follows the life cycle of cosmic rays all the way from their sources to detection near, on or below Earth. The central three chapters cover what we know about them at the level of the solar system, the Milky Way and the Universe at large. Up-to-date experimental results are presented in detail, showing how they are obtained and interpreted. The book provides an accessible overview of this lively and diversified research field. It will be of interest to undergraduate physics students beginning their studies on astronomy, cosmology, and particle physics. It is also accessible to the general public by concentrating mathematical and technical detail into Focus Boxes. Key features: Complete introductory overview of cosmic ray physics Covers the origins, acceleration, transport mechanisms and detection of these particles Mathematical and technical detail is kept separate from the main text
Book Synopsis Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics by : Pierre Sokolsky
Download or read book Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics written by Pierre Sokolsky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-26 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised edition provides an up-to-date summary of the field of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, dealing with their origin, propagation, and composition,. The authors reflect the enormous strides made since the first edition in the realm of experimental work, in particular the use of vastly improved, more sensitive and precise detectors. The level remains introductory and pedagogical, suitable for students and researchers interested in moving into this exciting field. Throughout the text, the authors focus on giving an introductory overview of the key physics issues, followed by a clear and concise description of experimental approaches and current results. Key Features: Updates the most coherent summary of the field available, with new text that provides the reader with clear historical context. Brand new discussion of contemporary space-based experiments and ideas for extending ground-based detectors. Completely new discussion of radio detection methods. Includes a new chapter on small to intermediate-scale anisotropy. Offers new sections on modern hadronic models and software packages to simulate showers.
Book Synopsis Emission of Radio Waves in Particle Showers by : Anne Zilles
Download or read book Emission of Radio Waves in Particle Showers written by Anne Zilles and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-08 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis offers the first laboratory validation of microscopic simulations of radio emission from particle showers, including a detailed description of the simulation study. It presents a potential future avenue for resolving the mass composition of cosmic rays via radio detection of air showers. Particle showers are created from cascading interactions when high-energy particles collide with matter, e.g. with air in the case of cosmic radiation, or with a particle detector in the case of experiments at CERN. These showers can consist of billions of particles, mostly electrons, positrons and photons. They emit radio waves when the absorbing medium is in a magnetic field, and this radio emission can be used as a novel means of detecting and drawing inferences on the shower and the primary particle. The new method is currently being established in cosmic ray research, where large antenna arrays may soon replace or complement traditional particle detectors. In thi s study, a complete microscopic simulation of a radio-emission experiment conducted at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Stanford/USA, is performed, and the underlying physical models are validated. The model is subsequently applied to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project, which is a large interferometer for radio astronomy. It is demonstrated that the SKA, with some modifications, might also be used for cosmic ray research based on radio detection of high-energy particles from the cosmos.
Book Synopsis The Physics of Collisionless Shocks by : Gang Li
Download or read book The Physics of Collisionless Shocks written by Gang Li and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2005-09 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 4th IGPP Astrophysics Conference proceedings discuss various aspects of collisionless shock physics in solar system plasmas, including: the microstructure of collisionless shocks, wave activities at and near shocks, particle acceleration at collisionless shocks and collisionless shocks in the outer heliosphere. This volume can serve both as a summary of the current understanding of collisionless shock physics and as a starting point for future research, especially for young scientists in this field.
Book Synopsis All about Lightning by : Martin A. Uman
Download or read book All about Lightning written by Martin A. Uman and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 1986-01-01 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Answers questions about Franklin's experiment, lightning rods, safety considerations, property damage, ball lightning, thunder, and thunderstorms
Download or read book Cosmic Rays written by Steff Jaywan and published by Dedona Publishing. This book was released on with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic rays are an intriguing aspect of astrophysics, originating from various sources in the universe, such as supernovae, pulsars, and even black holes. They consist of charged particles accelerated to incredible energies, often far beyond what our most powerful particle accelerators on Earth can achieve. These particles, when they collide with the Earth's atmosphere, create secondary particles in a cascade of interactions, leading to a fascinating array of phenomena. Studying cosmic rays provides valuable insights into the universe's most extreme environments and processes. They offer clues about the composition of cosmic objects, the nature of dark matter, and the magnetic fields permeating space. Moreover, understanding cosmic rays is crucial for space exploration, as they pose radiation hazards to astronauts and spacecraft. Researchers use ground-based detectors, high-altitude balloons, and even satellites to study cosmic rays from different vantage points. By analyzing the energy spectrum, arrival directions, and particle types, scientists aim to unlock the mysteries surrounding these enigmatic messengers from the cosmos.
Book Synopsis Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics by : Pierre Sokolsky
Download or read book Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics written by Pierre Sokolsky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic ray physics has recently attracted a great deal of attention from the high energy physics community because of the discovery of new sources and the advent of new techniques. The result of a series of lectures prepared for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, this book is a general introduction to experimental techniques and results in the field of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. It succinctly summarizes the rapidly developing field, and provides modern results that include data from newer detectors. Combining experiment and theory, the text explores the results of a single, easy-to-understand experiment to tie together various issues involved in the physics of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays.
Book Synopsis Galactic Cosmic Ray Composition at TeV Engeries by : John Taylor Childers
Download or read book Galactic Cosmic Ray Composition at TeV Engeries written by John Taylor Childers and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
