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Mathematische Gesetze Der Logik I
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Book Synopsis Foundations of Mathematical Logic by : Haskell Brooks Curry
Download or read book Foundations of Mathematical Logic written by Haskell Brooks Curry and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 1977-01-01 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a pioneer of mathematical logic, this comprehensive graduate-level text explores the constructive theory of first-order predicate calculus. It covers formal methods — including algorithms and epitheory — and offers a brief treatment of Markov's approach to algorithms. It also explains elementary facts about lattices and similar algebraic systems. 1963 edition.
Download or read book Formal Logic written by P. Lorenzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Logic", one of the central words in Western intellectual history, compre hends in its meaning such diverse things as the Aristotelian syllogistic, the scholastic art of disputation, the transcendental logic of the Kantian critique, the dialectical logic of Hegel, and the mathematical logic of the Principia Mathematica of Whitehead and Russell. The term "Formal Logic", following Kant is generally used to distinguish formal logical reasonings, precisely as formal, from the remaining universal truths based on reason. (Cf. SCHOLZ, 1931). A text-book example of a formal-logical inference which from "Some men are philosophers" and "All philosophers are wise" concludes that "Some men are wise" is called formal, because the validity of this inference depends only on the form ofthe given sentences -in particular it does not depend on the truth or falsity of these sentences. (On the dependence of logic on natural language, English, for example, compare Section 1 and 8). The form of a sentence like "Some men are philosophers", is that which remains preserved when the given predicates, here "men" and "philosophers" are replaced by arbitrary ones. The form itself can thus be represented by replacing the given predicates by variables. Variables are signs devoid of meaning, which may serve merely to indicate the place where meaningful constants (here the predicates) are to be inserted. As variables we shall use - as did Aristotle - letters, say P, Q and R, as variables for predicates.
Book Synopsis Entailment, Vol. II by : Alan Ross Anderson
Download or read book Entailment, Vol. II written by Alan Ross Anderson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of a powerful tradition, more than two thousand years old, that in a valid argument the premises must be relevant to the conclusion, twentieth-century logicians neglected the concept of relevance until the publication of Volume I of this monumental work. Since that time relevance logic has achieved an important place in the field of philosophy: Volume II of Entailment brings to a conclusion a powerful and authoritative presentation of the subject by most of the top people working in the area. Originally the aim of Volume II was simply to cover certain topics not treated in the first volume--quantification, for example--or to extend the coverage of certain topics, such as semantics. However, because of the technical progress that has occurred since the publication of the first volume, Volume II now includes other material. The book contains the work of Alasdair Urquhart, who has shown that the principal sentential systems of relevance logic are undecidable, and of Kit Fine, who has demonstrated that, although the first-order systems are incomplete with respect to the conjectured constant domain semantics, they are still complete with respect to a semantics based on "arbitrary objects." Also presented is important work by the other contributing authors, who are Daniel Cohen, Steven Giambrone, Dorothy L. Grover, Anil Gupta, Glen Helman, Errol P. Martin, Michael A. McRobbie, and Stuart Shapiro. Robert G. Wolf's bibliography of 3000 items is a valuable addition to the volume. Originally published in 1992. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Book Synopsis Foundations of the Mathematical Theory of Electromagnetic Waves by : Carl Müller
Download or read book Foundations of the Mathematical Theory of Electromagnetic Waves written by Carl Müller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Zeitschrift für mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik by :
Download or read book Zeitschrift für mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 1078 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Computation, Logic, Philosophy by : Wang Hao
Download or read book Computation, Logic, Philosophy written by Wang Hao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ~Et moi ... si j'avait su comment en revenir, One service mathematics has rendered the je n'y serais point alle.' human race. It has put common sense back Jules Verne where it belongs, on the topmost shelf next to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non· The series is divergent; therefore we may be sense'. Eric T. Bell able to do something with it. O. Heaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics .. .'; 'One service logic has rendered com puter science .. .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics .. .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series.
Book Synopsis Abstract Harmonic Analysis by : Edwin Hewitt
Download or read book Abstract Harmonic Analysis written by Edwin Hewitt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is based on courses given by E. Hewitt at the University of Washington and the University of Uppsala. The book is intended to be readable by students who have had basic graduate courses in real analysis, set-theoretic topology, and algebra. That is, the reader should know elementary set theory, set-theoretic topology, measure theory, and algebra. The book begins with preliminaries in notation and terminology, group theory, and topology. It continues with elements of the theory of topological groups, the integration on locally compact spaces, and invariant functionals. The book concludes with convolutions and group representations, and characters and duality of locally compact Abelian groups.
Author :Bartel Leendert van der Waerden Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3662221373 Total Pages :384 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (622 download)
Book Synopsis Mathematical Statistics by : Bartel Leendert van der Waerden
Download or read book Mathematical Statistics written by Bartel Leendert van der Waerden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since my days as a student, economists, doctors, physiologists, biologists, and engineers have come to me with queries of a statistical nature. This book is the product of my long interest in practical solutions to such problems. Study of the literature and my own ideas have repeat edly led me to improved methods, which will be established here and applied to instructive examples taken from the natural and social sciences. Thus, I hope to help the reader avoid the many fruitless direc tions in which I worked at first. The examples are not artificially con structed from theoretical considerations but are instead taken from real situations; consequently, many of the examples require detailed explana tion. The presentation of the basic mathematical concepts is, I hope, as brief as possible without becoming incomprehensible. Some rather long theoretical arguments have been necessary, but, whenever possible, references for the more difficult proofs have been made to good text books already in existence. There would be no point in developing again the mathematical theories which have been presented clearly and in detail by Kolmogorov, Caratheodory, and Cramer.
Book Synopsis Foundations of Set Theory by : A.A. Fraenkel
Download or read book Foundations of Set Theory written by A.A. Fraenkel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1973-12-01 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foundations of Set Theory discusses the reconstruction undergone by set theory in the hands of Brouwer, Russell, and Zermelo. Only in the axiomatic foundations, however, have there been such extensive, almost revolutionary, developments. This book tries to avoid a detailed discussion of those topics which would have required heavy technical machinery, while describing the major results obtained in their treatment if these results could be stated in relatively non-technical terms. This book comprises five chapters and begins with a discussion of the antinomies that led to the reconstruction of set theory as it was known before. It then moves to the axiomatic foundations of set theory, including a discussion of the basic notions of equality and extensionality and axioms of comprehension and infinity. The next chapters discuss type-theoretical approaches, including the ideal calculus, the theory of types, and Quine's mathematical logic and new foundations; intuitionistic conceptions of mathematics and its constructive character; and metamathematical and semantical approaches, such as the Hilbert program. This book will be of interest to mathematicians, logicians, and statisticians.
Book Synopsis Contributions to Logic and Methodology by : Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka
Download or read book Contributions to Logic and Methodology written by Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions to Logic and Methodology in Honor of J. M. Boche?ski focuses on the influence, contributions, and legacy of J. M. Boche?ski in the fields of logic and methodology. The selection first offers information on some remarks on inferential deduction, modal logic with eight modalities, and method and logic in presocratic explanation. Discussions focus on inference, evidence, hypothesis, generalization, semantical discussion, proof of necessity, multiple dialogues, and construction trees. The text then elaborates on reification, quotation, and nominalization, logic of preference and choice, and sense, denotation, and the context of sentences. Topics include axioms of preference and of choice, economic context, methodological remarks, reification, nominalization, and quotation. The manuscript examines conjectural inference and phenomenological analysis, including anticipatory evidence and choice of method, conjecture of the universal order, conjectural requirement of the architectonic project, and outline of the program of conjectural inquiry. The selection is a dependable source of information for philosophers and researchers interested in the influence and contributions of J. M. Boche?ski to logic and methodology.
Download or read book Formal Methods written by E.W. Beth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many philosophers have considered logical reasoning as an inborn ability of mankind and as a distinctive feature in the human mind; but we all know that the distribution of this capacity, or at any rate its development, is very unequal. Few people are able to set up a cogent argument; others are at least able to follow a logical argument and even to detect logical fallacies. Nevertheless, even among educated persons there are many who do not even attain this relatively modest level of development. According to my personal observations, lack of logical ability may be due to various circumstances. In the first place, I mention lack of general intelligence, insufficient power of concentration, and absence of formal education. Secondly, however, I have noticed that many people are unable, or sometimes rather unwilling, to argue ex hypothesi; such persons cannot, or will not, start from premisses which they know or believe to be false or even from premisses whose truth is not, in their opinion, sufficient ly warranted. Or, if they agree to start from such premisses, they sooner or later stray away from the argument into attempts first to settle the truth or falsehood of the premisses. Presumably this attitude results either from lack of imagination or from undue moral rectitude. On the other hand, proficiency in logical reasoning is not in itself a guarantee for a clear theoretic insight into the principles and foundations of logic.
Author :Komaravolu Chandrasekharan Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642500269 Total Pages :244 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (425 download)
Book Synopsis Arithmetical Functions by : Komaravolu Chandrasekharan
Download or read book Arithmetical Functions written by Komaravolu Chandrasekharan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The plan of this book had its inception in a course of lectures on arithmetical functions given by me in the summer of 1964 at the Forschungsinstitut fUr Mathematik of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, at the invitation of Professor Beno Eckmann. My Introduction to Analytic Number Theory has appeared in the meanwhile, and this book may be looked upon as a sequel. It presupposes only a modicum of acquaintance with analysis and number theory. The arithmetical functions considered here are those associated with the distribution of prime numbers, as well as the partition function and the divisor function. Some of the problems posed by their asymptotic behaviour form the theme. They afford a glimpse of the variety of analytical methods used in the theory, and of the variety of problems that await solution. I owe a debt of gratitude to Professor Carl Ludwig Siegel, who has read the book in manuscript and given me the benefit of his criticism. I have improved the text in several places in response to his comments. I must thank Professor Raghavan Narasimhan for many stimulating discussions, and Mr. Henri Joris for the valuable assistance he has given me in checking the manuscript and correcting the proofs. K. Chandrasekharan July 1970 Contents Chapter I The prime number theorem and Selberg's method § 1. Selberg's fonnula . . . . . . 1 § 2. A variant of Selberg's formula 6 12 § 3. Wirsing's inequality . . . . . 17 § 4. The prime number theorem. .
Book Synopsis Theory of Symmetric Lattices by : Fumitomo Maeda
Download or read book Theory of Symmetric Lattices written by Fumitomo Maeda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of central importance in this book is the concept of modularity in lattices. A lattice is said to be modular if every pair of its elements is a modular pair. The properties of modular lattices have been carefully investigated by numerous mathematicians, including 1. von Neumann who introduced the important study of continuous geometry. Continu ous geometry is a generalization of projective geometry; the latter is atomistic and discrete dimensional while the former may include a continuous dimensional part. Meanwhile there are many non-modular lattices. Among these there exist some lattices wherein modularity is symmetric, that is, if a pair (a,b) is modular then so is (b,a). These lattices are said to be M-sym metric, and their study forms an extension of the theory of modular lattices. An important example of an M-symmetric lattice arises from affine geometry. Here the lattice of affine sets is upper continuous, atomistic, and has the covering property. Such a lattice, called a matroid lattice, can be shown to be M-symmetric. We have a deep theory of parallelism in an affine matroid lattice, a special kind of matroid lattice. Further more we can show that this lattice has a modular extension.
Author :Dragoslav S. Mitrinovic Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642999700 Total Pages :416 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (429 download)
Book Synopsis Analytic Inequalities by : Dragoslav S. Mitrinovic
Download or read book Analytic Inequalities written by Dragoslav S. Mitrinovic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Theory of Inequalities began its development from the time when C. F. GACSS, A. L. CATCHY and P. L. CEBYSEY, to mention only the most important, laid the theoretical foundation for approximative meth ods. Around the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, numerous inequalities were proyed, some of which became classic, while most remained as isolated and unconnected results. It is almost generally acknowledged that the classic work "Inequali ties" by G. H. HARDY, J. E. LITTLEWOOD and G. POLYA, which appeared in 1934, transformed the field of inequalities from a collection of isolated formulas into a systematic discipline. The modern Theory of Inequalities, as well as the continuing and growing interest in this field, undoubtedly stem from this work. The second English edition of this book, published in 1952, was unchanged except for three appendices, totalling 10 pages, added at the end of the book. Today inequalities playa significant role in all fields of mathematics, and they present a very active and attractive field of research. J. DIEUDONNE, in his book "Calcullnfinitesimal" (Paris 1968), attri buted special significance to inequalities, adopting the method of exposi tion characterized by "majorer, minorer, approcher". Since 1934 a multitude of papers devoted to inequalities have been published: in some of them new inequalities were discovered, in others classical inequalities ,vere sharpened or extended, various inequalities ,vere linked by finding their common source, while some other papers gave a large number of miscellaneous applications.
Book Synopsis Analytic Functions by : Rolf Nevanlinna
Download or read book Analytic Functions written by Rolf Nevanlinna and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present monograph on analytic functions coincides to a lar[extent with the presentation of the modern theory of single-value analytic functions given in my earlier works "Le theoreme de Picarc Borel et la theorie des fonctions meromorphes" (Paris: Gauthier-Villar 1929) and "Eindeutige analytische Funktionen" (Die Grundlehren dt mathematischen Wissenschaften in Einzeldarstellungen, VoL 46, 1: edition Berlin: Springer 1936, 2nd edition Berlin-Gottingen-Heidelberg Springer 1953). In these presentations I have strived to make the individual result and their proofs readily understandable and to treat them in the ligh of certain guiding principles in a unified way. A decisive step in thi direction within the theory of entire and meromorphic functions consiste- in replacing the classical representation of these functions through ca nonical products with more general tools from the potential theor (Green's formula and especially the Poisson-Jensen formula). On thi foundation it was possible to introduce the quantities (the characteristic the proximity and the counting functions) which are definitive for th
Book Synopsis Classification Theory of Riemann Surfaces by : Leo Sario
Download or read book Classification Theory of Riemann Surfaces written by Leo Sario and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the present monograph is to systematically develop a classification theory of Riemann surfaces. Some first steps will also be taken toward a classification of Riemannian spaces. Four phases can be distinguished in the chronological background: the type problem; general classification; compactifications; and extension to higher dimensions. The type problem evolved in the following somewhat overlapping steps: the Riemann mapping theorem, the classical type problem, and the existence of Green's functions. The Riemann mapping theorem laid the foundation to classification theory: there are only two conformal equivalence classes of (noncompact) simply connected regions. Over half a century of efforts by leading mathematicians went into giving a rigorous proof of the theorem: RIEMANN, WEIERSTRASS, SCHWARZ, NEUMANN, POINCARE, HILBERT, WEYL, COURANT, OSGOOD, KOEBE, CARATHEODORY, MONTEL. The classical type problem was to determine whether a given simply connected covering surface of the plane is conformally equivalent to the plane or the disko The problem was in the center of interest in the thirties and early forties, with AHLFORS, KAKUTANI, KOBAYASHI, P. MYRBERG, NEVANLINNA, SPEISER, TEICHMÜLLER and others obtaining incisive specific results. The main problem of finding necessary and sufficient conditions remains, however, unsolved.
Book Synopsis Convexity and Optimization in Finite Dimensions I by : Josef Stoer
Download or read book Convexity and Optimization in Finite Dimensions I written by Josef Stoer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dantzig's development of linear programming into one of the most applicable optimization techniques has spread interest in the algebra of linear inequalities, the geometry of polyhedra, the topology of convex sets, and the analysis of convex functions. It is the goal of this volume to provide a synopsis of these topics, and thereby the theoretical back ground for the arithmetic of convex optimization to be treated in a sub sequent volume. The exposition of each chapter is essentially independent, and attempts to reflect a specific style of mathematical reasoning. The emphasis lies on linear and convex duality theory, as initiated by Gale, Kuhn and Tucker, Fenchel, and v. Neumann, because it represents the theoretical development whose impact on modern optimi zation techniques has been the most pronounced. Chapters 5 and 6 are devoted to two characteristic aspects of duality theory: conjugate functions or polarity on the one hand, and saddle points on the other. The Farkas lemma on linear inequalities and its generalizations, Motzkin's description of polyhedra, Minkowski's supporting plane theorem are indispensable elementary tools which are contained in chapters 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The treatment of extremal properties of polyhedra as well as of general convex sets is based on the far reaching work of Klee. Chapter 2 terminates with a description of Gale diagrams, a recently developed successful technique for exploring polyhedral structures.
