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Author : Andres Sotil
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1478 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (548 download)
Download or read book Material Characterization of Asphalt Rubber Mixtures Using the Dynamic Modulus Test written by Andres Sotil and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Vittorio Guglielmetti
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0415558549
Total Pages : 1336 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (155 download)
Download or read book Long and Deep Tunnels written by Vittorio Guglielmetti and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 1336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design and construction of “long and deep” tunnels, i.e. tunnels under mountains, characterised by either considerable length and/or overburden, represent a considerable challenge. The scope of this book is not to instruct how to design and construct such tunnels but to share a method to identify the potential hazards related to the process of designing and constructing long and deep tunnels, to produce a relevant comprehensive analysis and listing, to quantify the probability and consequences, and to design proper mitigation measures and countermeasures. The design, developed using probabilistic methods, is verified during execution by means of the so called Plan for Advance of the Tunnel (PAT) method, which allows adapting the design and control parameters of the future stretches of the tunnel to the results of the stretches already finished, using the monitoring data base. Numerous criteria are given to identify the key parameters, necessary for the PAT procedure. Best practices of excavation management with the help of real time monitoring and control are also provided. Furthermore cost and time evaluation systems are analysed. Finally, contractual aspects related to construction by contract are investigated, for best development and application of models more appropriate for tunnelling-construction contracts. The work will be of interest to practising engineers, designers, consultants and students in mining, underground, tunnelling, transportation and construction engineering, as well as to foundation and geological engineers, urban planners/developers and architects.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Asphalt Mix Characterization Using Dynamic Modulus and APA Testing written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Brian K. Diefenderfer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (914 download)
Download or read book Asphalt Mixture Performance Characterization Using Small-Scale Cylindrical Specimens written by Brian K. Diefenderfer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of dynamic modulus testing have become one of the primarily used performance criteria to evaluate the laboratory properties of asphalt mixtures. This test is commonly conducted to characterize asphalt mixtures mechanistically using an asphalt mixture performance tester as developed in NCHRP Project 9-29. The typical test specimen geometry consists of a cylinder having a 100-mm diameter and a 150-mm height. This geometry is practical for laboratory-prepared specimens produced using a gyratory compactor. However, the specimen scale is problematic when the test specimen is prepared from field cores and the investigator wishes to isolate the testing to a single asphalt mixture material/layer. This is because most asphalt mixture layers, especially surface and intermediate layers, are placed having a thickness less than 150 mm. This study investigated the use of small-scale cylindrical specimens as an alternative means to conduct dynamic modulus testing of asphalt mixtures. To validate the small-scale approach, the dynamic modulus from small-scale specimens was compared to the dynamic modulus from full-size specimens (100 × 150 mm) using asphalt mixtures having a nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) of 9.5, 12.5, 19.0, and 25.0 mm. Small-scale cylindrical specimens having a diameter and height of 38 × 135 mm, 50 × 135 mm, 38 × 110 mm, and 50 × 110 mm were studied. Based on the findings of the study, for 9.5- and 12.5-mm NMAS mixtures, any of the four small-scale geometry dimensions appears to be a suitable alternative to the full-size specimen when the full-size specimen cannot be produced. For 19.0- and 25.0-mm NMAS mixtures, the two small-scale geometries having a diameter of 50 mm appear to be suitable alternatives to the full-size specimen when the full-size specimen cannot be produced.
Author : Brian K. Diefenderfer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (918 download)
Download or read book Asphalt Mixture Performance Characterization Using Small-Scale Cylindrical Specimens written by Brian K. Diefenderfer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of dynamic modulus testing have become one of the primarily used performance criteria to evaluate the laboratory properties of asphalt mixtures. This test is commonly conducted to characterize asphalt mixtures mechanistically using an asphalt mixture performance tester as developed in NCHRP Project 9-29. The typical test specimen geometry consists of a cylinder having a 100-mm diameter and a 150-mm height. This geometry is practical for laboratory-prepared specimens produced using a gyratory compactor. However, the specimen scale is problematic when the test specimen is prepared from field cores and the investigator wishes to isolate the testing to a single asphalt mixture material/layer. This is because most asphalt mixture layers, especially surface and intermediate layers, are placed having a thickness less than 150 mm. This study investigated the use of small-scale cylindrical specimens as an alternative means to conduct dynamic modulus testing of asphalt mixtures. To validate the small-scale approach, the dynamic modulus from small-scale specimens was compared to the dynamic modulus from full-size specimens (100 × 150 mm) using asphalt mixtures having a nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) of 9.5, 12.5, 19.0, and 25.0 mm. Small-scale cylindrical specimens having a diameter and height of 38 × 135 mm, 50 × 135 mm, 38 × 110 mm, and 50 × 110 mm were studied. Based on the findings of the study, for 9.5- and 12.5-mm NMAS mixtures, any of the four small-scale geometry dimensions appears to be a suitable alternative to the full-size specimen when the full-size specimen cannot be produced. For 19.0- and 25.0-mm NMAS mixtures, the two small-scale geometries having a diameter of 50 mm appear to be suitable alternatives to the full-size specimen when the full-size specimen cannot be produced.
Author : E. Eustacchio
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482267519
Total Pages : 672 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)
Download or read book Mechanical Tests for Bituminous Mixes - Characterization, Design and Quality Control written by E. Eustacchio and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-09-20 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book forms the Proceedings of an International RILEM Symposium, the fourth in the series, on Testing of Bituminous Mixes in Budapest, Hungary, October 1990. The aim of the Symposium is to promote tests for the characterization, design and quality control of bituminous mixes which combine the best features of traditional and modern approaches.
Author : Andreas Loizos
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203092988
Total Pages : 1318 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Advanced Testing and Characterization of Bituminous Materials, Two Volume Set written by Andreas Loizos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-05-14 with total page 1318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bituminous materials are used to build durable roads that sustain diverse environmental conditions. However, due to their complexity and a global shortage of these materials, their design and technical development present several challenges. Advanced Testing and Characterisation of Bituminous Materials focuses on fundamental and performance testing
Author : Ilker Boz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (971 download)
Download or read book Characterization of Asphalt Mixtures and Rap Binder Properties Through Impact Resonance Test written by Ilker Boz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterization of asphalt concrete is of paramount importance for the sound structural design and analysis of flexible pavements. Of equal importance is the availability of test methods that can provide an accurate and reliable measure of the required engineering properties of the material. For routine applications in material characterization, selected test methods should be reliable, simple, quick, repeatable, and cost eective. The use of nondestructive test (NDT) methods has proven to provide such characterization capabilities. Among those methods, the impact resonance (IR) test is a vibration based NDT method, and has been increasingly used for asphalt concrete evaluation and characterization in the past two decades. The majority of studies regarding the IR test in asphalt concrete applications have been focused on comparison of the IR test moduli with the moduli obtained from conventional asphalt concrete dynamic modulus tests and the predictive equations. In this dissertation, the IR test was utilized to characterize the properties of asphalt concrete mixtures and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) binder through mixture testing at a range of temperatures. To this eect, several independent studies were conducted.The second order equation of motion assumption in rheological modeling of the IR test response was evaluated for asphalt concrete testing. A set of asphalt concrete specimens was tested with the IR test, and the obtained signals at a range of temperatures were evaluated by means of the Hankel matrix method. The results showed that the assumption is violated for asphalt concrete testing, especially at high temperatures, mainly due to the presence of noise in the obtained response. However, the Hankel method was employed to filter out the noise. It was seen that the assumption could be employed for asphalt concrete at a range of temperatures including high temperatures, provided that the filtering is performed on the obtained signal. The results also showed that the employed filtering procedure produced improvements for the IR test material dependent responses, resonant frequency and especially damping ratio calculations.The IR test results are influenced by specimen size and testing configurations. A study was conducted to investigate the influence of aspect ratio (length/diameter) of laboratory specimens on the frequency response of asphalt concrete when tested with the IR. The IR test, performed in a longitudinal mode, demonstrated that the test is repeatable and reproducible. The test results indicated that the frequency response increased as the aspect ratio increased approximately up to 0.7, and then it decreased with a nonlinear trend as the aspect ratio increased beyond 0.7, indicating that the tendency of the frequency response reached a plateau as the aspect ratio increased. It was inferred from the test results that there was a threshold aspect ratio at which the fundamental longitudinal frequency mode was not the dominant frequency mode. Velocity calculations from measured resonant frequencies indicated that the true material properties for the longitudinal mode could be attained at an aspect ratio of as low as 1.In another study, the sensitivity of the resonant frequency response of the IR testing of asphalt concrete to asphalt concrete mixture parameters was investigated. The IR tests were performed on disk-shaped asphalt concrete specimens at the transverse (flexural) mode of vibration at a temperature range of approximately -10 to 50oC. Test results revealed that the relationship between the resonant frequency and temperature was described by a polynomial fit, and it was shown through statistical analysis that the slopes of the fit were significantly aected by mixture parameters such as air void content and binder content. Also, the statistical formulation (predictive model) between the resonant frequency and the asphalt concrete mixture parameters were established for a given aggregate gradation of nominal maximum size and an aggregate specific gravity. The prediction accuracy of the model was evaluated by independent data sets, and the test results indicated that the maximum error between the measured and predicted resonant frequencies was not more than 9 percent.In an eort to characterize the properties of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) binder with the IR test through asphalt concrete mixture testing, two approaches were utilized. An approach is proposed for determination of binder properties through the IR testing of mixtures with RAP and binders with known engineering properties. The IR tests were performed in the longitudinal mode at a range of temperatures between 3 and 35oC. Also, RAP binder and virgin binders were tested using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) at the same temperature range as the IR testing. It was seen that the IR test ranked the expected trend of binder stiness with respect to the resonant frequency of mixtures. The results indicate the potential of the proposed concept and feasibility of the approach in determining binder properties, including properties of the RAP binder. A practical method is proposed for determination of binder properties based on mixture testing.In the second approach, the IR test potential to characterize the low-temperature properties of an RAP binder that incorporated a rejuvenating agent was investigated. This approach included testing of mixes with virgin binders and pure RAP mixes treated with a rejuvenating agent at dierent levels using the IR, as well as testing of blends of recovered RAP binder, rejuvenator, and virgin binder using bending beam rheometer (BBR). The results showed that the IR test can properly rank the expected stiness of binders through mixture testing. The results also indicated high linear correlations between mixture properties obtained from the IR test (modulus and phase angle) and binder properties obtained from the BBR test (stiness and m-value, a relaxation index). The results clearly demonstrate the potential of IR to be used for grading and optimization for the asphalt binder of RAP and rejuvenator content in lieu of the binder recovery method.
Author : Ramon Francis Bonaquist
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 0309213363
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Precision of the Dynamic Modulus and Flow Number Tests Conducted with the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester written by Ramon Francis Bonaquist and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 702: Precision of the Dynamic Modulus and Flow Number Tests Conducted with the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester describes the development of precision statements for the dynamic modulus and flow number tests conducted with the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (838 download)
Download or read book Asphalt Materials Characterization in Support of Implementation of the Proposed Mechanistic-empirical Pavement Design Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proposed Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) procedure is an improved methodology for pavement design and evaluation of paving materials. Since this new procedure depends heavily on the characterization of the fundamental engineering properties of paving materials, a thorough material characterization of mixes used in Virginia is needed to use the MEPDG to design new and rehabilitated flexible pavements. The primary objective of this project was to perform a full hot-mix asphalt (HMA) characterization in accordance with the procedure established by the proposed MEPDG to support its implementation in Virginia. This objective was achieved by testing a sample of surface, intermediate, and base mixes. The project examined the dynamic modulus, the main HMA material property required by the MEPDG, as well as creep compliance and tensile strength, which are needed to predict thermal cracking. In addition, resilient modulus tests, which are not required by the MEPDG, were also performed on the different mixes to investigate possible correlations between this test and the dynamic modulus. Loose samples for 11 mixes (4 base, 4 intermediate, and 3 surface mixes) were collected from different plants across Virginia. Representative samples underwent testing for maximum theoretical specific gravity, asphalt content using the ignition oven method, and gradation of the reclaimed aggregate. Specimens for the various tests were then prepared using the Superpave gyratory compactor with a target voids in total mix (VTM) of 7% ± 1% (after coring and/or cutting). The investigation confirmed that the dynamic modulus test is an effective test for determining the mechanical behavior of HMA at different temperatures and loading frequencies. The test results showed that the dynamic modulus is sensitive to the mix constituents (aggregate type, asphalt content, percentage of recycled asphalt pavement, etc.) and that even mixes of the same type (SM-9.5A, IM-19.0A, and BM 25.0) had different measured dynamic modulus values because they had different constituents. The level 2 dynamic modulus prediction equation reasonably estimated the measured dynamic modulus; however, it did not capture some of the differences between the mixes captured by the measured data. Unfortunately, the indirect tension strength and creep tests needed for the low-temperature cracking model did not produce very repeatable results; this could be due to the type of extensometers used for the test. Based on the results of the investigation, it is recommended that the Virginia Department of Transportation use level 1 input data to characterize the dynamic modulus of the HMA for projects of significant impact. The dynamic modulus test is easy to perform and gives a full characterization of the asphalt mixture. Level 2 data (based on the default prediction equation) could be used for smaller projects pending further investigation of the revised prediction equation incorporated in the new MEPDG software/guide. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is recommended to quantify the effect of changing the dynamic modulus on the asphalt pavement design. Since low-temperature cracking is not a widespread problem in Virginia, use of level 2 or 3 indirect tensile creep and strength data is recommended at this stage.
Author : Kamil Elias Kaloush
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Fiber-Reinforced Asphalt Mixtures Using Advanced Material Characterization Tests written by Kamil Elias Kaloush and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to evaluate the material properties of a conventional (control) and fiber-reinforced asphalt mixtures using advanced material characterization tests. The laboratory experimental program included triaxial shear strength, dynamic (complex) modulus, repeated load permanent deformation, fatigue, crack propagation, and indirect tensile strength tests. The data was used to compare the performance of the fiber-modified mixture to the control. The results showed that the fibers improved the mixture's performance in several unique ways against the anticipated major pavement distresses: Permanent deformation, fatigue cracking, and thermal cracking.
Author : Imad L. Al-Qadi
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203881206
Total Pages : 924 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (38 download)
Download or read book Efficient Transportation and Pavement Systems: Characterization, Mechanisms, Simulation, and Modeling written by Imad L. Al-Qadi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internationally, significant attention is given to transport sustainability including planning, design, construction, evaluation, safety and durability of the road system. The 4th International Gulf Conference on Roads: Efficient Transportation and Pavement Systems - Characterization, Mechanisms, Simulation, and Modeling, hosted by the University o
Author : Hervé Di Benedetto
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030464555
Total Pages : 1806 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Proceedings of the RILEM International Symposium on Bituminous Materials written by Hervé Di Benedetto and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-25 with total page 1806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in bituminous materials and structures and asphalt pavement technology, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the RILEM International Symposium on Bituminous Materials (ISBM), held in Lyon, France on December 14-16, 2020. The symposium represents a joint effort of three RILEM Technical Committees from Cluster F: 264-RAP “Asphalt Pavement Recycling”, 272-PIM “Phase and Interphase Behaviour of Bituminous Materials”, and 278-CHA “Crack-Healing of Asphalt Pavement Materials”. It covers a diverse range of topics concerning bituminous materials (bitumen, mastics, mixtures) and road, railway and airport pavement structures, including: recycling, phase and interphase behaviour, cracking and healing, modification and innovative materials, durability and environmental aspects, testing and modelling, multi-scale properties, surface characteristics, structure performance, modelling and design, non-destructive testing, back-analysis, and Life Cycle Assessment. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations.
Author : B. Shane Underwood
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Using Limited Purchase Specification Tests to Perform Full Linear Viscoelastic Characterization of Asphalt Binder written by B. Shane Underwood and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The linear viscoelastic dynamic modulus, |E*|, has become the primary material property of interest for asphalt concrete mixtures. The shift towards linear viscoelastic characterization of asphalt concrete is due in large part to national efforts to develop new fundamentally based pavement design tools and techniques. Within the pavement community, there is a substantial interest in using predictive models to estimate | E*| because key structural design decisions are based on its value. Moreover, for many projects, these critical decisions must be made even before the materials are selected. In response to the need for predictive capability, numerous equations have been developed, but most require knowing the asphalt binder shear modulus, |G*|. This property is currently measured as part of the purchase specification process, but it is not measured at enough temperatures and frequencies to be directly useful with these predictive models. Instead, agencies that want to use the predictive equations must complete additional testing that may require several days to complete and requires the purchase of more sophisticated equipment. It is the purpose of this paper to show ways that the specification data can be processed to provide nearly the same information as a more complete testing suite. This effort is possible because although the specification data are sparse, they still cover the range of conditions that need to be assessed. Additional surrogate models are needed to fully apply the proposed methodology, and the development and verification of these models are presented as well. The ability of the limited data calibration process to match characterization from more complete testing is demonstrated. Finally, it is shown that observed differences between the complete and limited calibration processes are reduced when applying two |E*| predictive models.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book The Use of Complex Modulus to Characterize the Performance of Asphalt Mixtures and Pavements in Florida written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Neethu Roy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book A Re-Look at the Asphalt Mixture Performance Test Protocols and Computational Algorithms written by Neethu Roy and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asphalt mixture performance tests (AMPTs) are developed to complement the Superpave volumetric mix design procedure and to reliably measure the mechanical response characteristics of the asphalt mixtures. The AMPT protocols, such as dynamic modulus, flow time and flow number test protocols, and the computational algorithms for post-processing of data are in the development stages and require further refinement. In this investigation, AMPTs were carried out on asphalt mixtures with unmodified, polymer-modified, and crumb-rubber-modified binders. Dynamic modulus test was carried out for a wide range of temperatures and frequencies and master curves were constructed. It was observed that the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) procedure for master curves does not take into account the influence of phase angle, and this could hinder the effective use of this input in pavement design and analysis. Flow time and flow number tests were carried out for an extended time of 100 000 s (cycles) rather than the currently practised 10 000 s (cycles) protocol. The test data was used in assessing the various algorithms for evaluating flow values. A wheel tracking test was also carried out and it was found that the response of mixtures could be correlated to wheel tracking test results in a qualitative manner to the flow time test.
Author : Huanan Yu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267673350
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (733 download)
Download or read book Design and Characterization of Asphalt Mixtures Based on Particle Packing and Mechanical Modeling written by Huanan Yu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Existing asphalt mixture design approaches are mainly empirical based "trial-and-error" methods. Based purely on volumetrics, such design methods have little consideration of the mechanical performance of the mixtures. With the trend of moving the pavement research into more mechanistic based methods and targeting the ultimate goal to good field performance, it is necessary to develop a sophisticated mix design and characterization methodology which can help the designer understand the expected engineering performance of the mix at the early stages, at the same time, to have a more efficient tool to evaluate the quality of the mixtures. This research develops a comprehensive aggregate gradation and asphalt mixture design method that estimates the mechanical properties of the mix at early stage. In this method, strong correlations between aggregate properties, volumetrics, and mechanical properties are identified, making the VMA (Voids in Mineral Aggregate) an excellent media to link the properties of aggregates and asphalt binder to their engineering performance. The concept of the design procedure, especially the aggregate gradation design procedure, is largely based on an analysis of aggregate packing and interlocking. As a fast and convenient design method that emphasizes more on the mechanical performance of the mix, the new design method can be used to evaluate the quality of an existing gradation and mix design, and adjust the gradation of a new mix to satisfy both volumetrics and mechanical properties. In addition, the characteristics of asphalt mixture are studied using micromechanical based discrete element method (DEM) and macromechanical modeling. In DEM simulation, an image based ball clumping technique is used for simulating the angularity properties of aggregate particles. The DEM model is established and calibrated to describe the viscoelastic (dynamic modulus and phase angle) and viscoelastic plastic (strength) properties of asphalt mixtures with or without damage involved. As for macromechanical modeling, a constitutive model for characterizing the permanent deformation of asphalt mixture is explored by taking consideration of the directional distribution of aggregates (anisotropy), and the damage induced by plasticity.
