Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Mantle Flow And Melt Generation At Mid Ocean Ridges full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Mantle Flow And Melt Generation At Mid Ocean Ridges ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author : Yang Shen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (366 download)
Download or read book Mantle Flow and Melt Generation Beneath Mid-ocean Ridges written by Yang Shen and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780875900353
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Geophysical Monograph written by and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jason Phipps Morgan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at Mid-ocean Ridges written by Jason Phipps Morgan and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Laura Magde
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Mantle Upwelling, Melt Generation, and Magma Transport Beneath Mid-ocean Ridges written by Laura Magde and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis combines surface observations with laboratory studies and geodynamic modeling to study a variety of aspects of the oceanic crustal-production system. Modeling the crustal and mantle contributions to the axial gravity and topography observed at the East Pacific Rise shows that the retained melt fraction in the mantle is small (
Author : Johnson Robin Cann
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521585224
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (852 download)
Download or read book Mid-Ocean Ridges written by Johnson Robin Cann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-07-22 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the most important problems that arise at mid-ocean ridges; for researchers working in the earth sciences.
Author : Christopher J. Russo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (156 download)
Download or read book Mantle Melting and Heterogeneity Along Mid-ocean Ridges written by Christopher J. Russo and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This investigation focuses on gaining a better understanding of the complex relationship between melt generation, source variability and mid-ocean ridge morphology. The approach adopted here uses a variety of geochemical techniques to evaluate the ability of 'global' models to predict regional scale geochemical variability associated with axial depth and axial morphologic changes. Three separate regional scale studies were conducted along ridges characterized by intermediate spreading rates (where the system is very sensitive to variations in magma production). The first study focuses on the development of the Australian-Antarctic Discordance (AAD), an anomalously deep portion of the modern global ridge system located in the eastern Indian Ocean, over the period from 28 to 14 Ma during which the eastern Indian Ocean basin was in a relatively young stage of formation. Major and trace element results from this study suggest a more magmatically robust ridge was present during this period. The second study investigates the link between U-series disequilibria and axial ridge depth. In this study U and Th isotopic compositions and elemental concentrations were analyzed along the Southeast Indian Ridge. The results of this study suggest that a simple relationship, such as that predicted from global MORB variations, does not exist on a regional scale in this part of the Indian Ocean. Plausible explanations of this data set require the consideration of other intrinsic variables such as residual porosity and mantle melting rates. The third investigation focuses on the western Galapagos Spreading Center (GSC), an intermediate spreading ridge whose axial morphology is affected by the addition of heat and material from the nearby Galapagos hotspot. This study investigates the origin and nature of the transfer of this material through analysis of rare earth element concentrations in melt inclusions. The results from this study support a deep (_>60 km), strong lateral flow of hotspot-derived mantle toward the GSC. Collectively these studies support a strong link between axial morphology and melt generation and verify that geochemical investigations along regional morphologic gradients provide a meaningful 'window' into the underlying mantle, while demonstrating that although 'global' models succeed in providing a valid platform from which to evaluate regional-scale observations, they do not accurately describe the complex process of melt generation on a regional scale.
Author : Jennifer E. Georgen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Interactions Between Mantle Plumes and Mid-ocean Ridges written by Jennifer E. Georgen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis studies interactions between mid-ocean ridges and mantle plumes. Chapter 1 investigates the effects of the Marion and Bouvet hotspots on the ultra-slow spreading, highly-segmented Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). Gravity data indicate that Marion and Bouvet impart high-amplitude mantle Bouguer anomaly lows to the ridge axis, and suggest that long-offset transforms may diminish along-axis plume flow. Chapter 2 presents a series of 3D numerical models designed to quantify the sensitivity of along-axis plume-driven mantle flow to transform offset length, spreading rate, and mantle viscosity structure. The calculations illustrate that long-offset transforms in ultra-slow spreading environments may indeed significantly curtail plume dispersion. Chapter 3, an investigation of helium isotope systematics along the western SWIR (9 deg - 24 deg E), reports uniformly low 3He/He ratios of 6.3-7.3 RIRa, compared to values of 8+1 R for normal mid-ocean ridge basalt. There is no evidence for influence of the Bouvet plume on this section of the SWIR from elevated 3He/4He ratios. Chapter 4 studies 3D mantle flow and temperature patterns beneath oceanic ridge-ridge-ridge triple junctions (TJs). For the slowest-spreading ridge, model results for non-hotspot-affected TJs like the Rodrigues TJ predict (1) an increase of temperature and upwelling velocity within a few hundred kilometers of the TJ to approach those of the fastest-spreading ridge, and (2) a strong component of along-axis flow directed away from the TJ. For hotspot-affected TJs like the Azores TJ, this along-axis flow is predicted to advect a hotspot thermal anomaly away from its deep-seated source.
Author : Shi Sim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)
Download or read book The Depth of Mid-ocean Ridges Through Earth’s Evolution and a Two-phase Study of Melt Focusing at Mid-ocean Ridges written by Shi Sim and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mid-ocean ridges are prominent features of plate tectonics, stretching for more than 60,000 km in the major ocean basins. Organisms thrive at mid-ocean ridges making it a unique system that connects life, water and plate tectonics. This thesis evaluates the evolution of the global ridge system and considers the processes of melt focusing beneath mid-ocean ridges using two phase flow models. First, I use whole Earth mantle convection models to understand how the global ridge system might have changed over Earth's evolution along with the depths of ocean. I show that mid-ocean ridges have remained submerged over geologic time and that its average depths have not varied by more than 500 m. Mid-ocean ridges contribute to 90% of global magmatism and yet melt generation and extraction are not well understood due to the difficulty in surveying these systems submerged under a few kilometers of ocean. Active seismic and magnetotelluric surveys suggest that melt is generated in a wide region beneath mid-ocean ridges (Forsyth et al., 1998; Key et al., 2013) and yet the oceanic crust is formed within a narrow neo-volcanic zone at the ridge axis (Macdonald, 1984). Several mechanisms to focus melt have been proposed (Spiegelman and McKenzie, 1987; Phipps-Morgan, 1987; Sparks and Parmentier, 1991; Aharonov et al., 1995). I present new open source two phase models, Melt in the Mantle beneath Mid-ocean ridges (M3LT), based on TerraFERMA, the Transparent Finite Element Rapid Model Assembler (Wilson et al., 2017), a software for coupled multi-physics problems. Our multi-phase flow models incorporate realistic viscosities and thermal feedbacks. To ensure reproducibility, the models are openly available in the form of TerraFERMA mark up language files. I present a suite of models varying the half spreading rates. The melt generated in our models produce oceanic crustal thicknesses within geophysical observations. We use these models to review and illustrate three mechanisms that are responsible for melt focusing namely, ridge suction, decompaction layers and melting rate focusing (recently observed mechanism). I show that decompaction layers and melting rate focusing are the dominant mechanisms for focusing melt at mid-ocean ridges. Model results show that the melting rate focusing persists regardless of half spreading rates, while the proportion of melt focused by decompaction layers increases with half spreading rate.
Download or read book Mantle Upwelling, Melt Generation, and Magma Transport Beneath Mid-ocean Ridges written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By Laura Suzan Magde.
Author : N. Bagdassarov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401140162
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Partially Molten Rocks written by N. Bagdassarov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Partial melting occurs in a variety of geological environments, from granitic partial melts in the continental crust, to basaltic or carbonate partial melts in the upper mantle. Partial melting is the first stage of magmatism and therefore plays a role of primary importance in the chemical differentiation of the Earth and in the transport of heat to the Earth surface. This special volume contains contributions presented at the symposium `Physics and Chemistry of Partially Molten Systems' of the EUG 9 meeting, held in Strasbourg, France, on March 23-27, 1997. It is intended to provide a current understanding of the physics of partial melting and melt segregation and covers topics such as the rheology of partially molten systems, the topology of partial melts, modelling of partial melting processes, and field observations of partial melts. Audience: This book is intended for a broad readership, including graduate students, specializing in petrology and geodynamics. The volume may be recommended as a textbook for graduate courses on petrology, geomaterial sciences and geophysics.
Author : Matthew Jean Cordery
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (249 download)
Download or read book Mantle convection, melt migration and the generation of basalts at mid-ocean ridges written by Matthew Jean Cordery and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter H. Nixon
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 892 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Mantle Xenoliths written by Peter H. Nixon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1987 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eruption of deep-seated xenoliths in basaltic, alnoitic, kimberlitic, etc volcanoes provides the geologist with an important direct means of examining the fragments of the earth's mantle and lower crust.
Author : Rachel A. Mills
Publisher : Geological Society of London
ISBN 13 : 9781862390232
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Modern Ocean Floor Processes and the Geological Record written by Rachel A. Mills and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 1998 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Beth N. Orcutt
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108477496
Total Pages : 687 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Deep Carbon written by Beth N. Orcutt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to carbon inside Earth - its quantities, movements, forms, origins, changes over time and impact on planetary processes. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author : Jan Harff
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789400766440
Total Pages : 1000 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (664 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences written by Jan Harff and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-01-14 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally growing demand of energy and mineral resources, reliable future projection of climate processes and the protection of coasts to mitigate the threats of disasters and hazards require a comprehensive understanding of the structure, ongoing processes and genesis of the marine geosphere. Beyond the “classical” research fields in marine geology in current time more general concepts have been evolved integrating marine geophysics, hydrography, marine biology, climatology and ecology. As an umbrella the term “marine geosciences” has been broadly accepted for this new complex field of research and the solutions of practical tasks in the marine realm. The “Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences” comprises the current knowledge in marine geosciences whereby not only basic but also applied and technical sciences are covered. Through this concept a broad scale of users in the field of marine sciences and techniques is addressed from students and scholars in academia to engineers and decision makers in industry and politics.
Author : William M. White
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319393117
Total Pages : 1680 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (931 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Geochemistry written by William M. White and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-24 with total page 1680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia is a complete and authoritative reference work for this rapidly evolving field. Over 200 international scientists, each experts in their specialties, have written over 330 separate topics on different aspects of geochemistry including geochemical thermodynamics and kinetics, isotope and organic geochemistry, meteorites and cosmochemistry, the carbon cycle and climate, trace elements, geochemistry of high and low temperature processes, and ore deposition, to name just a few. The geochemical behavior of the elements is described as is the state of the art in analytical geochemistry. Each topic incorporates cross-referencing to related articles, and also has its own reference list to lead the reader to the essential articles within the published literature. The entries are arranged alphabetically, for easy access, and the subject and citation indices are comprehensive and extensive. Geochemistry applies chemical techniques and approaches to understanding the Earth and how it works. It touches upon almost every aspect of earth science, ranging from applied topics such as the search for energy and mineral resources, environmental pollution, and climate change to more basic questions such as the Earth’s origin and composition, the origin and evolution of life, rock weathering and metamorphism, and the pattern of ocean and mantle circulation. Geochemistry allows us to assign absolute ages to events in Earth’s history, to trace the flow of ocean water both now and in the past, trace sediments into subduction zones and arc volcanoes, and trace petroleum to its source rock and ultimately the environment in which it formed. The earliest of evidence of life is chemical and isotopic traces, not fossils, preserved in rocks. Geochemistry has allowed us to unravel the history of the ice ages and thereby deduce their cause. Geochemistry allows us to determine the swings in Earth’s surface temperatures during the ice ages, determine the temperatures and pressures at which rocks have been metamorphosed, and the rates at which ancient magma chambers cooled and crystallized. The field has grown rapidly more sophisticated, in both analytical techniques that can determine elemental concentrations or isotope ratios with exquisite precision and in computational modeling on scales ranging from atomic to planetary.
Author : W. Roger Buck
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 : 0875900895
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (759 download)
Download or read book Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges written by W. Roger Buck and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1998-02-04 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book can benefit the nonspecialist who wants to keep up with work on magmatism and tectonics, as well as researchers working on mid-ocean ridges."--BOOK JACKET.
