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Management Of Glyphosate Resistant Palmer Amaranth In Bollgard Iir Xtendflextm Cotton
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Book Synopsis Management of Glyphosate Resistant Palmer Amaranth in Bollgard II® XtendFlexTM Cotton by : Daniel Zachary Reynolds
Download or read book Management of Glyphosate Resistant Palmer Amaranth in Bollgard II® XtendFlexTM Cotton written by Daniel Zachary Reynolds and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments were conducted to evaluate efficacy of dicamba, glufosinate, and glyphosate on Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.). Residual control was evaluated after dicamba was applied alone and in combination with fomesafen, fluometuron, acetochlor, and prometryn. Postemergence efficacy of dicamba, glufosinate, and glyphosate on different size Palmer amaranth was also evaluated. In addition, combinations of dicamba, glufosinate, and glyphosate were evaluated for efficacy on Palmer amaranth as well as spray coverage and spray droplet size as affected by various spray nozzles. Lastly, tolerance to dicamba, glufosinate, and glyphosate of cotton cultivars containing Bollgard II® XtendFlexTM technology was examined. Dicamba exhibited preemergence activity on Palmer amaranth; however, activity was heavily dependent on rainfall. Postemergence applications of dicamba increased control of Palmer amaranth. Spray nozzle selection influenced spray coverage and droplet size. Tolerance of cultivars containing Bollgard II® XtendFlexTM technology was over 90% at the end of the year regardless of herbicide.
Book Synopsis Integrating New Technology and Strategies for Management of Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum) by : Charles William Cahoon (Jr.)
Download or read book Integrating New Technology and Strategies for Management of Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum) written by Charles William Cahoon (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Resistance Screening and Control Options for Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth (amaranthus Palmeri) in Cotton (gossypium Hirsutum) by : Ryan Christopher Doherty
Download or read book Resistance Screening and Control Options for Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth (amaranthus Palmeri) in Cotton (gossypium Hirsutum) written by Ryan Christopher Doherty and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the mid-2000's, glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth biotypes began to emerge in many southern states. In 2006, glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth was identified in a field in Mississippi County, Arkansas. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in 2008 to screen Palmer amaranth accessions, collected in this survey, for glyphosate resistance. Inflorescence were collected from a total of 276 plants from fields were glyphosate failure occurred, representing 74 accessions in 14 counties, including Clay, Craighead, Crittenden, Greene, Jackson, Jefferson, Lawrence, Lee, Mississippi, Phillips, Poinsett, Randolph, St. Francis, and White Counties. Eight of the 74 accessions did not produce viable seed. In the greenhouse, 32 of the 66 Palmer amaranth accessions screened were at least 10% glyphosate-resistant. Two counties (Lee and St. Francis) contained Palmer amaranth accessions that were greater than 80% glyphosate-resistant. Every accession tested had at least one survivor following glyphosate at 0.86 kg ae/ha. Three field experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to determine if preplant-applied fomesafen and postemergence-applied glufosinate would provide control of Palmer amaranth without causing cotton injury. A total of, 28 preplant (PPL) and preemergence (PRE) herbicide treatments and 27 herbicide programs were evaluated for Palmer amaranth control. The 28 PPL and PRE treatments were also evaluated for cotton injury. The 28 PPL and PRE treatments were fomesafen, flumioxazin, fluometuron, prometryn, diuron, and pendimethalin applied at four preplant timings (21, 14, 7, and 0 days). The Liberty Link herbicide programs, utilized glufosinate, S-metolachlor, fomesafen, fluometuron, prometryn, flumioxazin, diuron, and pendimethalin to control Palmer amaranth. At 7 days after emergence (DAE) of cotton, fomesafen applied at 0.21 and 0.28 kg ai/ha, flumioxazin at 0.071 kg ai/ha, prometryn at 1.12 kg ai/ha, diuron at 0.56 kg ai/ha, and pendimethalin at 1.12 kg ai/ha applied at 21, 14, 7, and 0 DPP all controlled Palmer amaranth 90 to 100%. Fomesafen at 0.21 kg ai/ha and flumioxazin at 0.071 kg ai/ha applied at 0 days prior to planting (DPP) reduced stand by 22 and 58%, respectively, when compared to those same treatments applied 21 DPP. Application timing was the only significant factor to affect cotton yield in the PPL and PRE study.
Book Synopsis Distribution, Biology, and Management of Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth in North Carolina by :
Download or read book Distribution, Biology, and Management of Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth in North Carolina written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops allowed for the topical applications of the herbicide glyphosate. This herbicide revolutionized weed control and crop management. Widespread adoption of this technology and extensive use of glyphosate led to intense selection pressure for evolution of GR weeds. In 2005, GR Palmer amaranth was suspected in North Carolina. A survey detected GR populations in 49 of 290 fields sampled. ALS-inhibitor resistance was also detected in 52 fields. Five fields had populations exhibiting multiple resistance to both glyphosate and ALS-inhibitors. Experiments were conducted to determine the resistance mechanism of GR Palmer amaranth. A GR biotype exhibited a 20-fold level of resistance compared to a glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotype. Shikimate accumulated in GS but not GR plants after glyphosate application. Maximum absorption was observed by 12 hours after treatment (HAT), and was similar among biotypes except at 6 HAT, where GS plants absorbed 67% more than GR plants. Distribution of 14C was similar among biotypes in (42%), above (30%), and below (22%) the treated leaf and in roots (6%). This work did not lead to a suggestion a resistance mechanism. Field experiments were conducted to develop management strategies for GR Palmer amaranth in cotton. One evaluated residual control of Palmer amaranth by various herbicides. Of herbicides typically applied PRE or pre-plant, fomesafen, flumioxazin, and pyrithiobac were most effective. Pyrithiobac and S-metolachlor were the most effective postemergence (POST) herbicides. Flumioxazin and prometryn plus trifloxysulfuron were the most effective options for postemergence-directed applications. Integration of these herbicides into glyphosate-based systems could increase Palmer amaranth control. An experiment was conducted to evaluate PRE herbicides in a season-long system. All PRE herbicides increased late-season control. Among individual herbicides, fomesafen and pyrithiobac were most e.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Control of PPO-resistant Palmer Amaranth and Salvage Options in Herbicide-resistant Cotton by : Wyatt D. Coffman
Download or read book Assessment of Control of PPO-resistant Palmer Amaranth and Salvage Options in Herbicide-resistant Cotton written by Wyatt D. Coffman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palmer amaranth has been the most limiting weed in cotton production in the state of Arkansas for many years. Recently, resistance of Palmer amaranth to the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting site of action has been discovered at various locations across the cotton-producing region of the state. Cotton varieties have been developed with resistance to synthetic auxin (WSSA Group 4) herbicides. However, research to date has shown PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth to be more difficult to control with herbicides that target alternative sites of action. Herbicide efficacy is also known to vary with weed size, varying spray parameters, and environmental conditions. Preliminary research on control of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth with preemergence cotton herbicides suggests that herbicide mixtures containing fluometuron are the most consistent option for longevity of control. Preliminary results of postemergence (POST) experiments assessing control of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth in herbicide-resistant cotton were inconclusive. Limited rainfall impacted both POST and residual weed control. When attempting to salvage a cotton crop, weed size plays an extremely important factor in whether the weeds will be controlled. Two-pass salvage treatments were effective in dicamba-resistant cotton containing mixtures of glufosinate or glyphosate and dicamba and showed little variation in control of large (taller than 15 cm) Palmer amaranth. Interval between applications in a two-pass salvage treatment is influential on control of large weeds, although it does not ultimately affect seedcotton yield. Increasing carrier volume from 70 L ha-1 to 140 L ha-1 was a more important factor in maximizing efficacy of a dicamba application than switching from TTI to AirMix nozzles or increasing the dicamba rate from 560 to 1,120 g ae ha-1. Differences in control between PPO-susceptible and PPO-resistant populations were also observed, as densities of surviving PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth were much higher than PPO-susceptible Palmer amaranth following dicamba application. Nomenclature: Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.; synthetic auxin; dicamba; fluometuron; 2,4-D; glufosinate.
Book Synopsis Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth and Ryegrass Management by : Kenneth L. Smith
Download or read book Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth and Ryegrass Management written by Kenneth L. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Zero Tolerance written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integration and Management of Winter-annual Cover Crops and Herbicides to Control Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri S. Wats) by : Matthew Scott Wiggins
Download or read book Integration and Management of Winter-annual Cover Crops and Herbicides to Control Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri S. Wats) written by Matthew Scott Wiggins and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this research was to evaluate the integration of high residue winter-annual cover crops with herbicides, both preemergence and postemergence, to control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. The results of these trials indicated that winter-annual cover crops improved early-season weed suppression. However, cover crops alone or as part of an integrated weed management system including only preemergence or only postemergence herbicides was not sufficient to control of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. Therefore, winter-annual cover crops should be used in conjunction with existing weed control tactics to achieve adequate glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth control, where applicable.
Book Synopsis Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) Control in Double-crop Dicamba/glyphosate Resistant Soybean (Glycine Max) and Dicamba and 2,4-D Efficacy on Palmer Amaranth and Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus Rudis) by : Nathaniel Russell Thompson
Download or read book Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) Control in Double-crop Dicamba/glyphosate Resistant Soybean (Glycine Max) and Dicamba and 2,4-D Efficacy on Palmer Amaranth and Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus Rudis) written by Nathaniel Russell Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Auxin herbicides have been widely used for broadleaf weed control since the mid-1940's. With new auxinic herbicide-resistant traits in corn, soybean, and cotton, use of these herbicides is likely to increase. Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) are two primary problematic weed species that will be targeted with dicamba and 2,4-D in the new systems. No-till double-crop soybean after winter wheat harvest is a popular cropping system in central and eastern Kansas, however, management of glyphosate resistant Palmer amaranth has become a serious issue. Field experiments were established near Manhattan and Hutchinson, KS, in 2016 and 2017, to compare seventeen herbicide treatments for control of Palmer amaranth and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) in dicamba/glyphosate resistant no-till double-crop soybean after winter wheat. Herbicide programs that included a residual preemergence (PRE) treatment followed by a postemergence (POST) treatment offered greater Palmer amaranth control 8 weeks after planting when compared to PRE-only, POST-only and burndown-only treatments. All treatments that contained glyphosate POST provided complete control of large crabgrass compared to less than 43% control with PRE-only treatments. Soybean grain yield was greater in programs that included PRE followed by POST treatments, compared to PRE-only and burndown-only treatments. A second set of field experiments were established in 2017 near Manhattan and Ottawa, KS to evaluate dicamba and 2,4-D POST efficacy on Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp. Five rates of dicamba (140, 280, 560, 1121, and 2242 g ae ha−1) and 2,4-D (140, 280, 560, 1121, and 2242 g ae ha−1) were used to evaluate control of the Amaranthus spp. Each experiment was conducted twice at each location. Dicamba provided better Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp control than 2,4-D across the rates evaluated. Control of Palmer amaranth was 94% and 99% with dicamba rates of 1121 and 2242 g ae ha−1, respectively, but 2,4-D never provided more than 80% control at any rate. The highest rates of both dicamba and 2,4-D provided greater than 91% common waterhemp control, but control was less than 78% with all other rates of both herbicides. Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp control did not exceed 73% with the highest labelled POST rates of either dicamba or 2,4-D. Auxinic herbicide-resistant traits in corn, soybean, and cotton offer new options for controlling glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp, however proper stewardship is vital to maintain their effectiveness.
Book Synopsis Use of Fluridone for Control of Palmer Amaranth (amaranthus Palmeri) in Cotton (gossypium Hirsutum) and on Ditchbanks by : Zachary Thornton Hill
Download or read book Use of Fluridone for Control of Palmer Amaranth (amaranthus Palmeri) in Cotton (gossypium Hirsutum) and on Ditchbanks written by Zachary Thornton Hill and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 2006, glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth has been considered the most problematic weed in agronomic crops across the Midsouth. As a result of glyphosate resistance, producers began to again utilize a diverse herbicide program for management of this weed, which consists of several soil-residual herbicides most notably diuron, fluometuron, fomesafen, and metolachlor. Fluridone inhibits phytoene desaturase in plants, and is unique in that its mechanism of action (MOA) is not currently registered for use in cotton. Studies were conducted to determine the length of residual that fluridone provides in controlling Palmer amaranth in Arkansas glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant cotton programs and along field margins in comparison to other soil-residual herbicides. Furthermore, studies were conducted to assess the persistence of fluridone in Arkansas soils and the risk for injury to crops subsequently planted following fluridone use in cotton. Regardless of the cotton program, fluridone failed to provide season-long control of Palmer amaranth; hence, reducing the number of postemergence applications will not be recommended when applying fluridone at cotton planting. Additionally, fluridone failed to provide season-long control of Palmer amaranth along ditchbanks over that of other labeled soil-residual herbicides; however, when applied under favorable conditions fluridone applied preplant incorporated provided extended control of Palmer amaranth with or without a sequential application. Injury to wheat as a rotational crop from an application of fluridone to cotton was greater than that of other crops commonly rotated with cotton; albeit, injury was not severe enough to result in wheat yield reductions. Although fluridone did not provide season-long control of Palmer amaranth, introducing a herbicide with a unique MOA into current cotton would be beneficial for reducing the risk of resistance to herbicides that are currently used in cotton.
Book Synopsis Management of Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth (amaranth Palmeri S. Watson) in Dicamba/glyphosate-resistant Soybean by : Shawn Thomas McDonald
Download or read book Management of Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth (amaranth Palmeri S. Watson) in Dicamba/glyphosate-resistant Soybean written by Shawn Thomas McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While not a historically problematic weed in Nebraska, Palmer amaranth has become increasingly problematic in many agronomic cropping systems. Throughout the state, several cohorts of Palmer amaranth have been found resistant to several different sites of action. Of major concern is a population found resistant to glyphosate the most common post-emergence herbicide in Nebraska. As chemical control methods are the most common forms of weed control throughout the state methods alternatives or enhancements are highly desired. Two field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 at a grower's field near Carleton, Nebraska with the objectives to evaluate the effects of row spacing and herbicide programs and separately analyze the effect of overlapping residual herbicides on control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth, gross profit margin, and benefit-cost ratios of these herbicide programs. Evaluation of the effect on row spacing found no significant effect of narrowing row spacing on control, density, or biomass reduction of GR Palmer amaranth across all herbicide programs. Herbicide program had a higher impact on GR Palmer amaranth control with all PRE fb EPOST except dicamba + chlorimuron/flumioxazin followed by dicamba and all PRE fb EPOST+RH providing greater than 85% control from 14 d after EPOST (DAEPOST) to 36 DAEPOST. Evaluation of overlapping residual herbicides on management of GR Palmer amaranth found that flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone/metribuzin provided 78% to 82% control from 14 DAEPOST to 70 DAEPOST in 2018 and 94% to 98% in 2019. Addition of dicamba + acetochlor EPOST to flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone/metribuzin provided 83% to 96% from 14 DAEPOST to 70 DAEPOST in 2018 and 99% in 2019. As the adoption of new application technologies, herbicide-resistant crops, and alternative weed control methods change with the times, surveys provide insight into changes in weed dynamics and crop production over time. Conducting multiple surveys over the course of several years provides a vital framework in developing future research and extension outreach. During the winter of 2019-2020, a survey of Nebraska stakeholders was carried to quantify crop production, weed control, and management practices throughout the state. In order of importance, Palmer amaranth, horseweed, common waterhemp, kochia, and giant ragweed were ranked the most problematic weeds statewide. Based on survey responses, 27% of respondents, cited integrated weed management systems as the primary concern for future research and extension outreach for the state of Nebraska.
Book Synopsis Characterization and Management of PPO and Glyphosate Resistant Palmer Amaranth by : Drake Copeland
Download or read book Characterization and Management of PPO and Glyphosate Resistant Palmer Amaranth written by Drake Copeland and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research was conducted from the fall of 2016 to the fall of 2018 to characterize and manage PPO- and glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats). Studies included a multi-county survey to determine the prevalence of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth biotypes and the PPX2 mutations that confer PPO resistance, an in-field evaluation of control of PPO-resistant and PPO-susceptible Palmer amaranth populations with herbicide treatments applied at either sunrise or midday, and field studies that evaluated cover crop termination for control of Palmer amaranth in Roundup Ready Xtend® and Liberty Link® soybean systems [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Results from this research indicate that PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth infests roughly 80% of west Tennessee fields, at least two herbicides with different, effective sites of action should be applied timely for POST herbicidal control of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth, and that delaying cover crop termination in both Roundup Ready Xtend® and Liberty Link® soybeans can effectively reduce in-season POST applications and maximize Palmer amaranth control if the correct residual herbicide is included at planting timing.
Book Synopsis Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth (amaranthus Palmeri) in Arkansas by : Griff Michael Griffith
Download or read book Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth (amaranthus Palmeri) in Arkansas written by Griff Michael Griffith and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 2000, there have been thirteen weed species confirmed resistant (R) to glyphosate in the United States, six of those resistant species are present in Arkansas. The goal of this research was to confirm and to determine the level of resistance in two R Palmer amaranth biotypes from Mississippi (MC-R) and Lincoln (LC-R) Counties, Arkansas, and one susceptible (S) biotype from Clarendon County, South Carolina, which had never been exposed to glyphosate. Shikimic acid concentration over time was significantly greater in the S biotype than both the MC-R and LC-R biotypes. The lethal dose required to kill 50% (LD50) of the population was 2,255 and 3,223 g ae ha -1 for the MC-R and LC-R biotypes, respectively, and it was hypothesized that the two Arkansas biotypes each had a different resistance mechanism. Results indicate metabolism of glyphosate to its major metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), was not responsible for resistance in any biotype. Reduced absorption in the LC-R and limited translocation from the treated leaf in the MC-R were at least partially responsible for the observed resistance to glyphosate. The LC-R biotype effectively colonized a field within two years of a single resistant female producing ̃20,000 seed. Cotton lint yield was reduced over 100 kg ha-1 by some densities of LC-R Palmer, depending on the soil and relative elevation in that region. Several resistant management options exist in cotton; however, results indicate that timely herbicide applications based off of Palmer amaranth size are required for effective season-long control and management of the soil seedbank.
Book Synopsis Physiological, and Genetic Characterization of 2,4-D-resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri S. Watson) and Its Management by : Chandrima Shyam
Download or read book Physiological, and Genetic Characterization of 2,4-D-resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri S. Watson) and Its Management written by Chandrima Shyam and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is one of the topmost troublesome, C4 dioecious weeds in the US. Biological traits such as aggressive growth habits, prolific seed production, and the ability to withstand environmental stresses hinder control of this weed. Additionally, numerous Palmer amaranth populations across the US have been found to have evolved resistance to multiple herbicides. In 2018, a population of Palmer amaranth from a conservation tillage study from Riley County, Kansas was suspected to have evolved resistance to multiple herbicides including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and was designated as Kansas Conservation Tillage Resistant (KCTR). 2,4-D, a synthetic auxin herbicide, is widely used for controlling broadleaf weeds in cereal crops. However, over-reliance on 2,4-D to control other herbicide-resistant weeds, along with the commercialization of 2,4-D-tolerant crop technology, has resulted in increased usage of this herbicide. The objectives of this dissertation were to 1) characterize the evolution of multiple herbicide resistance including 2,4-D in KCTR Palmer amaranth; 2) investigate the physiological mechanism of 2,4-D resistance in KCTR compared to two known susceptible Palmer amaranth populations i.e., Kansas Susceptible (KSS) and Mississippi Susceptible (MSS); 3) assess the genetic basis of 2,4-D resistance in KCTR; and 4) evaluate herbicide programs that can manage glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in 2,4-D tolerant soybean. Experiments were conducted under either greenhouse or controlled growth chamber conditions. Standard herbicide dose-response, physiological, biochemical (using radiolabeled herbicides), breeding, and field experiments were designed and conducted. The results of these experiments found that KCTR Palmer amaranth had evolved resistance to six herbicide modes of action, including acetolactate synthase (ALS)-, photosystem II (PS II)-, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)- inhibitors, and synthetic auxins (2,4-D). Sequencing and analyses of genes coding for the herbicide targets indicated absence of all known mutations that confer resistance, except for EPSPS-inhibitor, with a massive amplification of EPSPS gene (up to 88 copies). Investigation of non-target site resistance mechanism(s) in KCTR confirmed the predominance of metabolic resistance to multiple herbicides mediated by either cytochrome P450 (P450) or glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity. Whole-plant dose-response analyses confirmed a 6- to 11- fold resistance to 2,4-D in KCTR compared to two susceptible populations (KSS or MSS). [14C] 2,4-D uptake and translocation studies indicated a 10% less and 3 times slower translocation of [14C] 2,4-D in KCTR compared to susceptible populations, while there was no difference in the amount of [14C] 2,4-D absorbed. However, KCTR plants metabolized [14C] 2,4-D much faster than the susceptible KSS and MSS, suggesting that enhanced metabolism bestows resistance to this herbicide in KCTR. Further, use of P450-inhibitor (e.g., malathion) indicated that the metabolism of 2,4-D in KCTR is mediated by P450 activity. Genetic analyses of F1 and F2 progenies, derived from crossing between KCTR and KSS, revealed that 2,4-D resistance in KCTR Palmer amaranth is an incompletely dominant, nuclear trait. Segregation of F2 progenies did not follow the Mendelian single gene inheritance model (3:1), suggesting the involvement of multiple genes in mediating 2,4-D resistance in KCTR. Evaluation of herbicide programs for Palmer amaranth management in the field suggested that pre-emergence herbicides with residual activity followed by post-emergence application of either 2,4-D or glufosinate or 2,4-D and glufosinate can control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in 2,4-D-tolerant soybean. Overall, the outcome of this dissertation documents the first case of a six-way resistance in a single Palmer amaranth population and also for the first time characterizes the physiological and genetic basis of 2,4-D resistance in this weed. These findings will help in predicting and minimizing further evolution and spread of 2,4-D resistance in Palmer amaranth.
Book Synopsis Georgia Pest Management Handbook by : Emily Cabrera
Download or read book Georgia Pest Management Handbook written by Emily Cabrera and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2021-03-30 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Georgia Pest Management Handbook provides current information on selection, application, and safe use of pest control chemicals. This handbook has recommendations for pest control around homes and on pets; for pests of home garden vegetables, fruits, and ornamentals; and for pests of public health interest associated with our homes. Cultural, biological, physical, and other types of control are recommended where appropriate. Pesticide recommendations are based on information on the manufacturer labels and on performance data from research and extension trials at the University of Georgia and its sister institutions. Because environmental conditions, the severity of pest pressure, and methods of application vary widely, recommendations do not imply that performance of pesticides will always be acceptable. This publication is intended to be used only as a guide. Trade and brand names are used only for information. The University of Georgia does not guarantee nor warrant published standards on any product mentioned; nor does the use of a trade or brand name imply approval of any product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. Always follow the use instructions and precautions on the pesticide label. For questions, concerns, or improvement suggestions regarding the Georgia Pest Management Handbook, please contact your county agent.
Download or read book Herbicides written by Andrew Price and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-11-26 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herbicides are one of the most widely used groups of pesticides worldwide for controlling weedy species in agricultural and non-crop settings. Due to the extensive use of herbicides and their value in weed management, herbicide research remains crucial for ensuring continued effective use of herbicides. Presently, a wide range of research continues to focus on improved herbicide use and weed biology. The authors of Herbicides, Agronomic Crops and Weed Biology cover multiple topics concerning current valuable herbicide research.
Book Synopsis Cotton Production by : Khawar Jabran
Download or read book Cotton Production written by Khawar Jabran and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of the role of cotton in the economy and cotton production around the world This book offers a complete look at the world’s largest fiber crop: cotton. It examines its effect on the global economy—its uses and products, harvesting and processing, as well as the major challenges and their solutions, recent trends, and modern technologies involved in worldwide production of cotton. Cotton Production presents recent developments achieved by major cotton producing regions around the world, including China, India, USA, Pakistan, Turkey and Europe, South America, Central Asia, and Australia. In addition to origin and history, it discusses the recent advances in management practices, as well as the agronomic challenges and the solutions in the major cotton producing areas of the world. Keeping a focus on global context, the book provides sufficient details regarding the management of cotton crops. These details are not limited to the choice of cultivar, soil management, fertilizer and water management, pest control, cotton harvesting, and processing. The first book to cover all aspects of cotton production in a global context Details the role of cotton in the economy, the uses and products of cotton, and its harvesting and processing Discusses the current state of cotton management practices and issues within and around the world’s cotton producing areas Provides insight into the ways to improve cotton productivity in order to keep pace with the growing needs of an increasing population Cotton Production is an essential book for students taking courses in agronomy and cropping systems as well as a reference for agricultural advisors, extension specialists, and professionals throughout the industry.
