Management and Life History Consequences of Hybridization Between Westslope Cutthroat Trout (oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi) and Rainbow Trout (oncorhynchus Mykiss)

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Book Synopsis Management and Life History Consequences of Hybridization Between Westslope Cutthroat Trout (oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi) and Rainbow Trout (oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Matthew Corsi

Download or read book Management and Life History Consequences of Hybridization Between Westslope Cutthroat Trout (oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi) and Rainbow Trout (oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Matthew Corsi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of introductions of nonnative fishes in the decline of native fishes cannot be overstated. Westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi, WCT) are a salmonid native to the northern Rocky Mountains. These trout hybridize with rainbow trout (O. mykiss, RBT) where they are sympatric; however, in portions of the WCT range where RBT have been introduced, hybridization appears to spread rapidly and threatens continued existence of WCT. The conservation value of these hybridized populations is equivocal, and a better knowledge of the ecological, demographic, behavioral, and genetic consequences of hybridization is needed to better inform conservation strategies. I investigated three related questions: specifically, what landscape factors are associated with estimates of introgression; what are life history differences between WCT and hybrids; and what are tradeoffs in restoring migratory life history in populations threatened by hybridization? The riverscape context plays a substantial role in the distribution of hybrids, as estimates of introgression declined with increases in stream slope, elevation, and distance from a primary source of RBT, three correlated landscape variables. Spatial variation in patterns of hybridization suggests clarifying objectives for sampling and careful designs are necessary to adequately understand the status of populations. Variation in location may relate to some of the ecological differences, such as growth, among fish with different levels of introgression. In the Jocko River, hybrids with ancestry> 20% RBT demonstrated higher growth, earlier migration, increased egg size, and lower fecundity versus WCT. These lines of evidence demonstrate the importance of limiting further hybridization even in populations that already have low levels of hybridization. Given that many unaltered populations currently reside in isolated habitat fragments, I evaluated several demographic tradeoffs of restoring a migratory life history weighed against the risks of increased potential for hybridization from removing barriers or selectively passing migratory fish above the barriers using both matrix and genetic population models. Restoration of migratory life history substantially increases population viability; however, hybridization in above-barrier population increases predictably relative to hybridization status of below-barrier population, which may reduce viability if vital rates are reduced in hybrids. Hybridization creates a challenging set of management problems, but this research adds several important pieces to the puzzles to help develop and evaluate conservation strategies.

The Ecological Consequences of Hybridization Between Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi) and Introduced Rainbow Trout (O. Mykiss) in South Western Alberta

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Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecological Consequences of Hybridization Between Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi) and Introduced Rainbow Trout (O. Mykiss) in South Western Alberta by : Michael D. Robinson

Download or read book The Ecological Consequences of Hybridization Between Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi) and Introduced Rainbow Trout (O. Mykiss) in South Western Alberta written by Michael D. Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Behavioral, Ecological, and Fitness Consequences of Hybridization Between Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi) and Nonnative Rainbow Trout (O. Mykiss)

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Behavioral, Ecological, and Fitness Consequences of Hybridization Between Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi) and Nonnative Rainbow Trout (O. Mykiss) by : Clint Cain Muhlfeld

Download or read book Behavioral, Ecological, and Fitness Consequences of Hybridization Between Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi) and Nonnative Rainbow Trout (O. Mykiss) written by Clint Cain Muhlfeld and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic hybridization is one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Hybridization and introgression may lead to a loss of locally adapted gene complexes and ecological adaptations in native populations, yet these potential consequences have not been fully evaluated in nature. I investigated factors influencing the spread of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) and nonnative rainbow trout (O. mykiss) in the upper Flathead River system, Montana (USA) and British Columbia (Canada). The fundamental questions of my dissertation were: what are the behavioral, ecological, and fitness consequences of hybridization and what factors influence successful invasion of hybrids? First, I assessed the patterns of spawning between parental species and their hybrids and found that hybridization alters the spawning behavior of migratory westslope cutthroat trout, and is spreading via long distance dispersal of hybrids from downstream sources and some temporal overlap during spawning. Second, I describe for the first time how a wide range of levels of nonnative admixture affect fitness of cutthroat trout in the wild by estimating reproductive success in a recently invaded stream using parentage analysis with multilocus microsatellite markers. Small amounts of hybridization markedly reduced reproductive success, with fitness exponentially declining by ~50% with 20% nonnative genetic admixture. Finally, I evaluated the association of local-habitat features, landscape characteristics, and biotic factors with the spread of hybridization in the system, and found that hybridization increases in streams with warmer water temperatures, high land use disturbance and close proximity to the source of hybridization; however, none of these factors appeared sufficient to prevent further spread. These combined results suggest that hybrids are not only genetically different than westslope cutthroat trout but also have reduced fitness and are ecologically different, and that hybridization is likely to continue to spread if hybrid populations with high amounts of rainbow trout admixture are not reduced or eliminated. I conclude that extant aboriginal cutthroat trout are at greater conservation risk due to hybridization than previously thought and policies that protect hybridized populations need reconsideration.

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences by :

Download or read book Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 2014-05 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Invasion and the Spread of Hybridization with Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi)

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Invasion and the Spread of Hybridization with Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi) by : Matthew C. Boyer

Download or read book Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Invasion and the Spread of Hybridization with Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi) written by Matthew C. Boyer and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyzed 13 microsatellite loci to estimate gene flow among westslope cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi, populations and determine the invasion pattern of hybrids between native O. c. lewisi and introduced rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in streams of the upper Flathead River system, Montana (USA) and British Columbia (Canada). Fourteen of 31 sites lacked evidence of O. mykiss introgression, and gene flow among these nonhybridized O. c. lewisi populations was low, as indicated by significant allele frequency divergence among populations (?ST = 0.076, ?ST = 0.094, P

Hybridization Between Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarki Lewisi) and Rainbow Trout (O. Mykiss)

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (59 download)

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Book Synopsis Hybridization Between Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarki Lewisi) and Rainbow Trout (O. Mykiss) by : Nathaniel P. Hitt

Download or read book Hybridization Between Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarki Lewisi) and Rainbow Trout (O. Mykiss) written by Nathaniel P. Hitt and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cold Tolerance Performance of Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) and Its Potential Role in Influencing Interspecific Hybridization

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Cold Tolerance Performance of Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) and Its Potential Role in Influencing Interspecific Hybridization by : M. M. Yau

Download or read book Cold Tolerance Performance of Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) and Its Potential Role in Influencing Interspecific Hybridization written by M. M. Yau and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybridization between rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)) and westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi (Girard, 1856)) occurs commonly when rainbow trout are introduced into the range of westslope cutthroat trout. Typically, hybridization is most common in warmer, lower elevation habitats, but much less common in colder, higher elevation habitats. We assessed the tolerance to cold water temperature (i.e., critical thermal minimum, CTMin) in juvenile rainbow trout and westslope cutthroat trout to test the hypothesis that westslope cutthroat trout better tolerate low water temperature, which may explain the lower prevalence of rainbow trout and interspecific hybrids in higher elevation, cold-water habitats (i.e., the ?elevation refuge hypothesis?). All fish had significantly lower CTMin values (i.e., were better able to tolerate low temperatures) when they were acclimated to 15 °C (mean CTMin = 1.37 °C) versus 18 °C (mean CTMin = 1.91 °C; p

Genomic and Fitness Consequences of Hybridization Between Cutthroat and Rainbow Trout

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (935 download)

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Book Synopsis Genomic and Fitness Consequences of Hybridization Between Cutthroat and Rainbow Trout by : Daniel P. Drinan

Download or read book Genomic and Fitness Consequences of Hybridization Between Cutthroat and Rainbow Trout written by Daniel P. Drinan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybridization is an important and common evolutionary process that can contribute to diversification, adaptation, and speciation. When species hybridize, divergent genomes are combined through recombination and may result in phenotypic changes. Such phenotypic changes may be the result of differences in chromosomal structure or adaptive divergence between the parental species and may ultimately affect fitness. Understanding how phenotypes change following hybridization, as well as the genetic mechanisms responsible for changes is critical for understanding divergent selection, speciation, and identifying populations that may be at risk from hybridization. Here, the effect of hybridization between cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarkii) and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) on fitness was investigated using three techniques. In the first chapter, fitness influencing traits were compared among individuals at various hybridization levels. In the second chapter, genomic changes that could affect fitness were identified in the hybrid relative to rainbow trout. And, in the third chapter, correlations between reproductive success and hybridization were investigated in a wild population, as well as the genomic and ecological mechanisms responsible for those changes. The first chapter of this dissertation aimed to identify how traits potentially involved in fitness (embryonic survival, ova size, ova energy concentration, sperm motility, burst swimming performance, juvenile survival, and juvenile growth) changed with hybridization between cutthroat and rainbow trout and whether those changes could explain previously observed reductions in reproductive success of individuals with increased rainbow trout ancestry. Using progeny from wild caught fish, differences in phenotypes based on hybridization were observed for embryonic survival, ova energy concentration, juvenile weight, and burst swimming based on ancestry. However, the correlations differed from previously observed patterns of reproductive success and likely do not explain declines in reproductive success associated with hybridization. The second chapter of this dissertation aimed to identify how hybridization affects the genome by identifying genomic regions with changes in recombination rates in the hybrid relative to rainbow trout as well as genomic areas with excess species-specific ancestry in the hybrid. Previous studies of hybridization have observed recombination suppression in genomic regions where structural differences, such as inversions or karyotype differences, exist between parental species. Such regions may retain groups of adaptive alleles. Additionally, adaptive divergence between the parental species may result in alleles that are preferentially selected in the hybrid progeny. Identification of regions with suppressed recombination or excess species-specific ancestry would provide insight into markers that may be important to fitness and that have differentially evolved in each of the parental species. In total, eight and seven chromosomes were identified to have changes in recombination rates in the hybrid female and male relative to O. mykiss. Recombination was suppressed in the hybrids on two chromosomes with known structural differences between the parental species. In addition, changes in recombination rates were observed on five chromosomes with high proportions of duplicated markers and may be due to increased homeologous chromosome pairing. Recombination patterns were similar between the sexes which suggests that hybridization affects recombination in the same way in females and males. Regions of excess species-specific ancestry covered 11 and 10% of the mapped genome in the female and male and regions of excess were evenly split between cutthroat trout and O. mykiss. Genetic drift may be responsible for much of the observed patterns of excess species-specific ancestry, but selection may also play a role. The aim of the third chapter of this dissertation was to identify the fitness consequences of hybridization, mechanisms responsible for the retention of hybridization, and genomic regions correlated with changes in reproductive success in a wild population of westslope cutthroat trout hybridized with non-native rainbow trout. Adult samples from a previous study, collected over a five year period, were sequenced at 3027 loci. Increased admixture from non-native rainbow trout had a strong, negative effect on reproductive success. A decline of 53% was observed for individuals with an increased genetic contribution of 0.20 from rainbow trout. Despite apparent strong selection against rainbow trout ancestry, hybridization appears to be maintained largely by the invasion of rainbow trout from outside populations as well as the relatively high fitness of few hybrid individuals. Ten loci correlated with reproductive success were identified in females. Seven of the ten loci were linked to chromosomes and three were positioned on chromosomes. Loci linked to reproductive success were identified on chromosomes with excess species-specific ancestry in hybrid progeny (RYHyb14 and RYHyb18) as well as chromosomes with a high proportion of duplicated markers (RYHyb02) and known Robertsonian polymorphism (RYHyb20). The research presented in this dissertation will elucidate our understanding of the phenotypic and genetic changes correlated with hybridization between rainbow and cutthroat trout as well as identify genetic and ecological mechanisms that may be responsible for those changes. In addition, results from this study provide insight into differences in adaptive divergence and markers that may be involved in the early stages of speciation in the wild. Results could be used by managers to identify populations that are at risk from hybridization.

Naturally Occurring Hybridization and Introgression Between Westslope Cutthroat (Oncorhynchus Clarki Lewisi) and Native Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Within Three Tributaries of the Middle Fork Salmon River, Idaho

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (576 download)

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Book Synopsis Naturally Occurring Hybridization and Introgression Between Westslope Cutthroat (Oncorhynchus Clarki Lewisi) and Native Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Within Three Tributaries of the Middle Fork Salmon River, Idaho by : Michael Patrick Peterson

Download or read book Naturally Occurring Hybridization and Introgression Between Westslope Cutthroat (Oncorhynchus Clarki Lewisi) and Native Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Within Three Tributaries of the Middle Fork Salmon River, Idaho written by Michael Patrick Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Genomic Consequences of Hybridization Between Rainbow and Cutthroat Trout

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Genomic Consequences of Hybridization Between Rainbow and Cutthroat Trout by : Carl O. Ostberg

Download or read book Genomic Consequences of Hybridization Between Rainbow and Cutthroat Trout written by Carl O. Ostberg and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introgressive hybridization creates novel gene combinations that may generate important evolutionary novelty and thus contribute to biological complexity and diversification. On the other hand, hybridization with introduced species can threaten native species, such as cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) following the introduction of rainbow trout (O. mykiss). While rainbow trout introgression in cutthroat trout is well documented, neither the evolutionary consequences nor conservation implications are well understood. Hybridization between rainbow and cutthroat trout occurs in the context of substantial chromosomal rearrangement, as well incompletely re-diploidized genomes. Rainbow and cutthroat trout are descended from an autopolyploid ancestor, and extensive chromosome arm rearrangements have occurred between the species following their divergence from the last common ancestor. Evidence for incomplete re-diploidization includes the occasional formation of multivalents and duplicated loci occasionally exhibit a mixture of disomic and tetrasomic inheritance. Thus, transmission genetics may be complicated by recombination between homeologs. Here, I evaluated the phenotypic and genetic consequences of introgression between rainbow trout and Yellowstone cutthroat trout (O. clarkii bouvieri) to provide insights into genome processes that may help explain how introgression affects hybrid genome evolution. The overall aim of the first part of this dissertation (Chapters 1 and 2) was to evaluate phenotypic variation and gene expression among parental species and hybrids to gain insight into the genetic basis of hybrid and parental morphologies. We constructed seven line crosses: both parental species, both reciprocal F1 hybrids, first-generation backcrosses, and F2 hybrids. In Chapter 1, we aimed to assess the role of introgression on growth (length and weight gain), morphology, and developmental instability among these seven crosses. Growth was related to the proportion of rainbow trout genome contained within crosses. Rainbow and cutthroat trout were morphologically divergent: rainbow trout were generally robust whereas cutthroat trout were typically more slender and their hybrids tended to be morphologically intermediate, although backcrosses were morphologically more similar to their backcrossing parental species. These differences in growth and body morphology may be maintained, in part, through the regulation of muscle growth-related genes. Therefore, in Chapter 2, we aimed to characterize the expression of muscle growth-related genes and to describe relationships between gene expression and growth patterns among parental species and hybrids to gain insight into the underlying genetic basis of the difference in their body shapes. Our findings suggest that rainbow and cutthroat trout exhibit differences in muscle growth regulation, that transcriptional networks may be modified by hybridization, and that hybridization disrupts intrinsic relationships between gene expression and growth patterns that may be functionally important for phenotypic adaptations. The overall aim of the second part of this dissertation (Chapters 3 and 4) was to assess the genetic consequences of introgression to determine how the genomic architecture of hybrids affects allelic inheritance, and thus their subsequent evolution. In Chapter 3, we generated a genetic linkage map for rainbow-Yellowstone cutthroat trout hybrids to evaluate genome process that may influence introgression genome evolution in hybrid populations. Our results suggest that few genomic incompatibilities exist between rainbow and cutthroat trout, allowing their to genomes introgress freely, with the exception that differences in chromosome arrangement between the species may act as barriers to introgression and enable large portions of non-recombined chromosomes to persist within admixed populations. In Chapter 4, we aimed to determine the effect of incomplete re-diploidization on transmission genetics in hybrids, compared to pure species. We used the parental gametic phase from existing genetic linkage maps to identify the homeologs that recombine, to characterize this recombination, and to verify meiotic models of residual tetrasomic inheritance in autotetraploids. Recombination between homeologs occurred frequently in hybrids and results in the non-random segregation of alleles across extended chromosomal regions as well as extensive double-reduction in hybrid parental gametes. Taken together, the results from Chapters 3 and 4 suggested that chromosome rearrangements and recombination of homeologs could influence genome evolution in admixed populations. The research presented in this dissertation indicated that the evolutionary fate of hybrid genomes is unpredictable. Some of our findings suggest that introgressions proceeds in a predictable fashion in admixed populations; rainbow and cutthroat genomes freely introgress, with the exception that chromosome rearrangements may suppress recombination across large chromosomal regions. However, homeologous recombination during meiosis in hybrids results in unpredictable segregation of chromosomes, and the segregation of these chromosomes may depend on the hybrid generation of each parent within an admixed population. Furthermore, phenotype and gene expression are quantitative traits, and expression of these traits may depend on hybrid genotypes across transcriptional networks that are controlled by genes distributed over the entire genome. Consequently, hybridization may alter transcriptional regulation of genes, resulting in unpredictable gene expression patterns, which, in turn, contribute to the high phenotypic variation in hybrids.

Conservation and the Genomics of Populations

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192598570
Total Pages : 785 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Conservation and the Genomics of Populations by : Fred W. Allendorf

Download or read book Conservation and the Genomics of Populations written by Fred W. Allendorf and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-10 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relentless loss of biodiversity is among the greatest problems facing the world today. The third edition of this established textbook provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the essential background, concepts, and tools required to understand how genetics can be used to conserve species, reduce threat of extinction, and manage species of ecological or commercial importance. This edition is thoroughly revised to reflect the major contribution of genomics to conservation of populations and species. It includes two new chapters: "Genetic Monitoring" and a final "Conservation Genetics in Practice" chapter that addresses the role of science and policy in conservation genetics. New genomic techniques and statistical analyses are crucial tools for the conservation geneticist. This accessible and authoritative textbook provides an essential toolkit grounded in population genetics theory, coupled with basic and applied research examples from plants, animals, and microbes. The book examines genetic and phenotypic variation in natural populations, the principles and mechanisms of evolutionary change, evolutionary response to anthropogenic change, and applications in conservation and management. Conservation and the Genomics of Populations helps demystify genetics and genomics for conservation practitioners and early career scientists, so that population genetic theory and new genomic data can help raise the bar in conserving biodiversity in the most critical 20 year period in the history of life on Earth. It is aimed at a global market of applied population geneticists, conservation practitioners, and natural resource managers working for wildlife and habitat management agencies. It will be of particular relevance and use to upper undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in conservation biology, conservation genetics, and wildlife management.

Impact of Triploid Rainbow Trout and Naturalized Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) on Recovery of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Henshawi) in the Truckee River Watershed

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (959 download)

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Book Synopsis Impact of Triploid Rainbow Trout and Naturalized Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) on Recovery of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Henshawi) in the Truckee River Watershed by : Veronica Kirchoff

Download or read book Impact of Triploid Rainbow Trout and Naturalized Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) on Recovery of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Henshawi) in the Truckee River Watershed written by Veronica Kirchoff and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically the Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi, LCT) occurred throughout the Truckee River basin, supporting important commercial fisheries and was extirpated in the 1940s due to water diversions, predation, competition and hybridization with non-native trout. To provide angling opportunities, Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, RBT) has been planted, and there is a robust naturalized population throughout the Truckee River. Recovery efforts are underway to reintroduce the threatened LCT back into their native habitat in the Truckee; however, planting LCT sympatric with naturalized RBT can support hybridization between the species and hamper LCT recovery. Since 2004, in an effort to limit hybridization, 90% of the RBT stocked are non-reproductive triploid RBT. Over 3,400 trout samples were collected in the Truckee River and its tributaries from 2007-2010. These trout were identified as pure LCT, pure RBT, LCT/RBT hybrids or triploid RBT using bi-parentally inherited markers that differentiate between RBT and LCT and microsatellite markers that revealed triploidy in a proportion of the RBT. A mitochondrial marker was sequenced in hybrids to determine the maternal contribution to hybridization and to look at spawning success. The highest level of hybridization was found in 2008 from samples in the river tributaries. This correlates to the time period when fry stocked in 2005 and 2006 would reach sexual maturity. Backcrossing of hybrids with RBT was detected, and a low level of introgression indicates that hybridization has been occurring in the river for multiple generations. Mitochondrial sequences show that LCT is successfully competing for spawning gravels; however continued stocking of LCT without the removal of the naturalized RBT will likely lead to a hybrid swarm. Triploidy was successfully identified in the hatchery supplied known triploids; despite high levels of stocking of trpRBT, less than 10% of the RBT sampled in the Truckee River were identified as triploid. The diploid RBT samples represent the naturalized RBT population in the river. The genetic population structure of the naturalized RBT was investigated using 11 microsatellite loci to look for potential RBT eradication units allowing for LCT reintroduction. Barriers along the Truckee River contribute to developing population structure, but these barriers are transient, and structure varies year to year. No clear eradication units or regions of the river to potentially isolate a translocated LCT population from RBT encroachment were identified. Six of the 11 microsatellites cross amplified and showed variation in LCT. Comparison of the LCT and HYB sampled in the Truckee River to the LCT strains stocked indicates that the Pilot Peak Strain of LCT has a higher survivorship in the Truckee River compared to the contemporary Pyramid Lake or Independence Lake strains. Reintroduction of LCT into the Truckee River is possible, but would require the eradication of the reproductive RBT and extensive monitoring to detect hybridization.

Conservation Genetics of the Greenback Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Stomias).

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Conservation Genetics of the Greenback Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Stomias). by :

Download or read book Conservation Genetics of the Greenback Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Stomias). written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conservation genetics of the greenback cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii stomias).

Coastal Habitat Conservation

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323856144
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Coastal Habitat Conservation by : Free Espinosa

Download or read book Coastal Habitat Conservation written by Free Espinosa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-01-18 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal Habitat Conservation: New Perspectives and Sustainable Development of Biodiversity in the Anthropocene offers the latest research and approaches to biodiversity conservation in coastal areas. The book synthesizes the background of foundational conservation views and provides new perspectives and recent strategies within a sustainable development context for coastal species and organic life. Written by a team of international authors with expertise in wide-ranging issues of biodiversity conservation, this book analyzes the challenges of conserving marine habitats and species that humanity faces in the Anthropocene era. Sections explore emerging and unforeseen impacts within a changing world, specifically, the marine-based conservation in the context of global change, coastal urbanization and mitigation of its environmental impacts, marine bioinvasions, conservation strategies for of out-of-sight communities like caves, habitat restoration, and the citizen science and its challenging role in monitoring conservation. Discusses different strategies to deal with various biological and ecological impacts on coastal marine species and habitats Offers new insights into the practices of marine conservation in the Anthropocene Led by editors whose expertise includes marine biodiversity, marine ecology and marine habitat conservation

An Entirely Synthetic Fish

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Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300166869
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis An Entirely Synthetic Fish by : Anders Halverson

Download or read book An Entirely Synthetic Fish written by Anders Halverson and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-02 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anders Halverson provides an exhaustively researched and grippingly rendered account of the rainbow trout and why it has become the most commonly stocked and controversial freshwater fish in the United States. Discovered in the remote waters of northern California, rainbow trout have been artificially propagated and distributed for more than 130 years by government officials eager to present Americans with an opportunity to get back to nature by going fishing. Proudly dubbed an entirely synthetic fish by fisheries managers, the rainbow trout has been introduced into every state and province in the United States and Canada and to every continent except Antarctica, often with devastating effects on the native fauna. Halverson examines the paradoxes and reveals a range of characters, from nineteenth-century boosters who believed rainbows could be the saviors of democracy to twenty-first-century biologists who now seek to eradicate them from waters around the globe. Ultimately, the story of the rainbow trout is the story of our relationship with the natural world--how it has changed and how it startlingly has not.

Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400711891
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout by : Bror Jonsson

Download or read book Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout written by Bror Jonsson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destruction of habitat is the major cause for loss of biodiversity including variation in life history and habitat ecology. Each species and population adapts to its environment, adaptations visible in morphology, ecology, behaviour, physiology and genetics. Here, the authors present the population ecology of Atlantic salmon and brown trout and how it is influenced by the environment in terms of growth, migration, spawning and recruitment. Salmonids appeared as freshwater fish some 50 million years ago. Atlantic salmon and brown trout evolved in the Atlantic basin, Atlantic salmon in North America and Europe, brown trout in Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. The species live in small streams as well as large rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal seas and oceans, with brown trout better adapted to small streams and less well adapted to feeding in the ocean than Atlantic salmon. Smolt and adult sizes and longevity are constrained by habitat conditions of populations spawning in small streams. Feeding, wintering and spawning opportunities influence migratory versus resident lifestyles, while the growth rate influences egg size and number, age at maturity, reproductive success and longevity. Further, early experiences influence later performance. For instance, juvenile behaviour influences adult homing, competition for spawning habitat, partner finding and predator avoidance. The abundance of wild Atlantic salmon populations has declined in recent years; climate change and escaped farmed salmon are major threats. The climate influences through changes in temperature and flow, while escaped farmed salmon do so through ecological competition, interbreeding and the spreading of contagious diseases. The authors pinpoint essential problems and offer suggestions as to how they can be reduced. In this context, population enhancement, habitat restoration and management are also discussed. The text closes with a presentation of what the authors view as major scientific challenges in ecological research on these species.

Life History of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarki Pleuriticus) and the Effects of Introgression with Rainbow Trout (O. Mykiss) and Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout (O. C. Lewisi)

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (838 download)

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Book Synopsis Life History of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarki Pleuriticus) and the Effects of Introgression with Rainbow Trout (O. Mykiss) and Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout (O. C. Lewisi) by : Michael N. McGee

Download or read book Life History of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarki Pleuriticus) and the Effects of Introgression with Rainbow Trout (O. Mykiss) and Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout (O. C. Lewisi) written by Michael N. McGee and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: