Macro Economic Measurement To Consumer Behaviors

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Macro Economic and Micro Economic Measurement to Consumer Behaviors

Author : Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781710723847
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Macro Economic and Micro Economic Measurement to Consumer Behaviors by : Johnny Ch LOK

Download or read book Macro Economic and Micro Economic Measurement to Consumer Behaviors written by Johnny Ch LOK and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-23 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral economy consumptiondesires measurement methodHow to apply behavioral economic theory to measure consumption level or consumption desire to the country? I shall assume that consumption is to be measured by private and public expenditures at constant prices at conventionally defined and all money prices are assumed constant. How to measure real consumption?In fact, consumer behavior has relationship to any country, itself economic growth or recesion in any economic and consumption environment . The purpose of income calculations in practiced affairs to give consumers an indication of the amount which they can consume. It would seem that we ought to define a man's income as the maximum value, which he can consume during a week, and still expect to be well at the end of week as he has at the beginning.An economy which uses money , but uses it is as a neutral link between transactions in real things and real assets and does not want of a better , a real exchange economy with an economy in which money plays a part of its own and affects motives and decisions and as , in short, one of the operative factors in the situation. So that the course of events can not be predicted either in the long period or in the short period, without knowledge of the behavior of money between the first state and last. It is a monetary economy means to influence any country itself consumer behavioral consumption desires change to more or less shopping times.Hence, money matters in both the long and short run. Money affects real decision making and employment and output outcomes to any countries. The economic system is moving through calendar time from an irrevocable past to an uncertain and statistically unpredictable future. Any country's past and present consumption market data do not necessary provide correct signals regarding future outcomes. Ths means that economic data are not necessarily generated by a process. Constrasts denominated in money terms are a human in an entrepreneurial economy. It helps humans efficiently organize time-consuming production and exchange processes in a world of uncertainty.

Difference Between Micro And Macro Economic Measurement To Consumer Behavior

Author : Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781709862045
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Difference Between Micro And Macro Economic Measurement To Consumer Behavior by : Johnny Ch LOK

Download or read book Difference Between Micro And Macro Economic Measurement To Consumer Behavior written by Johnny Ch LOK and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral economy consumption desires measurement methodHow to apply behavioral economic theory to measure consumption level or consumption desire to the country? I shall assume that consumption is to be measured by private and public expenditures at constant prices at conventionally defined and all money prices are assumed constant. How to measure real consumption?In fact, consumer behavior has relationship to any country, itself economic growth or recesion in any economic and consumption environment . The purpose of income calculations in practiced affairs to give consumers an indication of the amount which they can consume. It would seem that we ought to define a man's income as the maximum value, which he can consume during a week, and still expect to be well at the end of week as he has at the beginning.An economy which uses money , but uses it is as a neutral link between transactions in real things and real assets and does not want of a better , a real exchange economy with an economy in which money plays a part of its own and affects motives and decisions and as , in short, one of the operative factors in the situation. So that the course of events can not be predicted either in the long period or in the short period, without knowledge of the behavior of money between the first state and last. It is a monetary economy means to influence any country itself consumer behavioral consumption desires change to more or less shopping times.Hence, money matters in both the long and short run. Money affects real decision making and employment and output outcomes to any countries. The economic system is moving through calendar time from an irrevocable past to an uncertain and statistically unpredictable future. Any country's past and present consumption market data do not necessary provide correct signals regarding future outcomes. Ths means that economic data are not necessarily generated by a process. Constrasts denominated in money terms are a human in an entrepreneurial economy. It helps humans efficiently organize time-consuming production and exchange processes in a world of uncertainty.

Macro Economic Measurement To Consumer Behaviors

Author : Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781710412833
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Macro Economic Measurement To Consumer Behaviors by : Johnny Ch LOK

Download or read book Macro Economic Measurement To Consumer Behaviors written by Johnny Ch LOK and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerning how to examine the impact of legitimate labor market experiences (e.g., unemployment) and sanctions on criminal behavior whether they have relationship question? Broadly speaking, the empirical findings are that (i) poor legitimate labor market opportunities of potential criminals, such as low wages and high rates of unemployment, increases the supply of criminal activities and (ii) sanctions deter crime. Unemployment could be taken to influence the opportunity cost of illegal activity. High rates of unemployment growth could be taken to imply a restriction on the availability of legal activities, and thus serve to ultimately reduce the opportunity cost of engaging in illegal activities. Although theoretically well-defined, most empirical studies of the unemployment-crime relationship have provided mixed evidence. Instead of primarily focusing on crime as a function of unemployment, they use a richer set of controls, like deterrence, employment status, age, education, race and neighbourhood characteristics. One problem with most work and crime models is that they assume bothactivities are mutually exclusive. This may be a problematic assumption when considering disadvantaged youths. The fact that a youth can shift from crime to an unskilled job and back again or can commit crime while holding a legal job means that the supply of youths to crime will be quite elastic with respect to relative rewards from crime vis-a-vis legal work or to the number of criminal opportunities. From the 1970s through the 1990s the labor market prospects for unskilled workers in most OECD countries has deteriorated considerably. In particular, the real earnings of young unskilled men fell, while income inequality rose. This suggests that as the earnings gap widens, relative deprivation increases, which in turn leads toincreases in crime. A substantial problem that has been ignored in the vast majority of empiricalstudies is nonstationarity of crime rates. A time-series is said to be nonstationary if (1)the mean and/or variance does not remain constant over time and (2) covariancebetween observations depends on the time at which they occur. In the US, the indexcrime rate appears strongly nonstationary, for the most part being integrated of orderone with both deterministic and stochastic trends (a random variable whose meanvalue and variance are time-dependent is said to follow a stochastic trend) .The empirical results suggest a long-run equilibrium relationship between crime, prison population, female labor supply and durable consumption.

Macro Economic and Mico Economic Measurement to Consumer Behavior

Author : Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781710414721
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Macro Economic and Mico Economic Measurement to Consumer Behavior by : Johnny Ch LOK

Download or read book Macro Economic and Mico Economic Measurement to Consumer Behavior written by Johnny Ch LOK and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Any country's past and present consumption market data do not necessary provide correct signals regarding future outcomes. Ths means that economic data are not necessarily generated by a process. Constrasts denominated in money terms are a human in an entrepreneurial economy. It helps humans efficiently organize time-consuming production and exchange processes in a world of uncertainty. In any money using entreprensurial economy, entrepreneurs' decisions regarding production and hiring depend on expectations of receiving contractual sales revenues ( cash inflows) in excess of the contractual money costs of production ( cash outflows). Since, the money wage contract is the most efficient oriented contracts, modern economies can be characterized as money-wage contract-based systems.Hence, money processes two essential elasticity that differentiate is from the products of industry. These describe why (a) money does not grow on trees ( money's elasticity of production is zero )and (b) why producible products are not good liquid stores of value ( the elasticity of substitution between liquid assets , such as money and producible products is zero).If money has these elasticity , then unemployment develops, that is to say, because people can not be employed, when the object of desire ( i.e. money, good useful product or good quality product , even shopping enjoyable feeling,) is something which can not produced and the demand of shopping desires are reduced to the country's people.

Macro Economy Measurement TO Consumer Behaviors

Author : Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781651060179
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis Macro Economy Measurement TO Consumer Behaviors by : Johnny Ch Lok

Download or read book Macro Economy Measurement TO Consumer Behaviors written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-26 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How China economic strategymeasures consumer behavior Nowaday, global economic environment is changing rapidly. Some countries are attempting to apply macro and/or micro economic methods to assist themselves countries economiv development in order to raise consumer shopping desire or encourage or persuade their consumption behaviors. I shall indicate China how attempt to implement economic strategy to encourage consumers consumption in itself country.(1)On the online ( ecommerce) transaction market developmentOn the one hand, despite all the ups and downs, the overall theme over the last two decades has been market reform. The online market is one of the least regulated markets and maybe the most competitive in China. This is also a high-tech industry. So most of the companies value transparency and competitiveness in the marketplace. We are known in China as a company driven by mission, vision and value, and a company that aims to do good for the whole society. So, China government is encouraging any online (ecommerce) companies to apply internet high technological platform to attract young consumers to apply internet to buy any things in China consumption market. For example, typical internet company and Alibaba is quite a unique e-commerce company. Of course, in any e-commerce company of the future you have to have a social element. And also for any social networking platform, there is a certain level of e-commerce growing out of that platform. So I think both ecosystems are highly self-sufficient. Still, there are overlaps between the two ecosystems, but these two ecosystems are more or less growing independently.Do you really need to take Alibaba to Europe or, eventually, even the U.S. to continue achieving this growth pace?Alibaba is very interested in building an international trading platform that really benefits countries all over the world including Southeast Asia, India, Africa, in addition to Europe and the U.S. So our expansion is not primarily driven by growth but more by our mission. We have a new global trading system built on a new infrastructure of technology that will benefit tremendously enterprises all over the world. On the other hand, China government also encourage businessmen apply internet tool to carry on gathering more data on people and companies than most Western internet companies. It aims to let any companies can gather data and then analyze to find the most methods to win their competitors in China business market. In micro economy view, it can encourage competition in China business market, but it also increase business failure risk, when some low strategic businesses can not win their competitors in China business market.But that seems to be accepted in China? There is a similar standard in China and the U.S. We do pay attention to internet data privacy. We follow the same standards as Amazon and Google. People in China are also very sensitive about use of their private information. The usage of data is following the international standard of using information at the aggregate level, not selling or disclosing individual information at all.

The Differences Between Macro Economic And Micro Economic Measurement To Consumer Behavior

Author : Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781710421798
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (217 download)

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Book Synopsis The Differences Between Macro Economic And Micro Economic Measurement To Consumer Behavior by : Johnny Ch Lok

Download or read book The Differences Between Macro Economic And Micro Economic Measurement To Consumer Behavior written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - How economic positive and negative impact of the war to higher military spending? Most models show that military spending to divert resources from productive uses, such as consumption and investment, and ultimately slows economic growth and reduces employment. So, it seems war causes disadvantages more than advantages to influence economy growth to any countries in possible.Some economists showed global insight produced a set of projections that compared a scenario with an increase in annual military spending equal to 1.0% of GDP current about $135billions relative to its baseline scenario . This is approximately equal to the increase in defense spending that has taken place compared with the pre-Sept. 11th terrorism Iraq war baseline to US government higher military spending. However, who also indicated military spending is not generally perceived to cost jobs. In standard economic models, war its positive impact can be thought of in the same way as spending on the environment from war bad influence. When tax and emission restrictions are often used to achieve environment protection during and after war. It is also possible to reach environmental targets by paying people to do things that will reduce pollution. For example, it is possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by paying people to buy more fuel efficient cars and appliances, or paying than to install insulation and other energy saving devices. So, during the war period, more greenhouse gas fuel efficient cars will increase demand in car market. Thus, war can reduce air and water pollution cost and encourage greenhouse gas fuel consumption. In the case of both increased military spending and paying people to take steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, resources would be reduced to supply to these countries' domestic market directed uses. In standard economic models, war it's negative impact to this redirection of other resources, due to the original resources are used to increase military spending to manufacturing any new weapons and it will cause this original resources are shortage to prepare for these countries' manufacturing countries. So, these resources shortage challenges will cause these military spending countries' economy to operate less efficiently and therefore lead to slower growth and fewer jobs supplies. Thus, war will bring resource shortage challenges and fewer jobs supplies bad influence. In policy debates, it is important to recognize the potential jobs losses are caused from military spending factor mainly. Also the potential economic costs are often a factor in debates over environment policy.

Macro Or Micro Economic Environment Influences Consumer Behaviors

Author : Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781710728958
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Macro Or Micro Economic Environment Influences Consumer Behaviors by : Johnny Ch Lok

Download or read book Macro Or Micro Economic Environment Influences Consumer Behaviors written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-11-23 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is poor macro economic environment a main root to crime causation Is poor macro economic environment cause crime essentially? Economic Theories indicate the roots of crime are diverse and a discipline like economics, predicated on rational behavior, may be at something of a disadvantage in explaining a phenomenon largely viewed as irrational. A recent survey suggests that three general issues are of central concern in the economics of crime literature: the effects of incentives on criminal behavior, how decisions interact in a market-setting, and the use of cost-benefit analysis to assess alternative policies to reduce crime will focus on the role of incentives on criminal behavior.However, trend in criminal participation rates in most industrialized economies is a difficult task. Many social scientists argue that crime is closely related to work, education and poverty and that truancy, youth unemployment and crime are by products or even measures of social exclusion. "Blue-collar"criminals often have limited education and possess limited labor market skills. These characteristics partly explain the poor employment records and low legitimate earnings of most criminals. These sort of issues originally led economists to examine the relationship between wages and unemployment rates on crime. More recently economists have also considered the benefits and costs of educational programs to reduce crime.A related question concerns the impact of sanctions. For example, does increased imprisonment lower the crime rate? How does the deterrent effect of formal sanctions arise? Although criminologists have been tackling such issues for many years, it is only recently that economists have entered the arena of controversy. This is not surprising given the high levels of crime and the associated allocation of public and private resources towards crime prevention. The expenditure on the criminal justice system (police, prisons, prosecution/defense and courts) is a significant proportion of government budgets. In addition, firms and households are spending increasingly more on private security.The incentive-based economic model of crime is a model of decision making in risky situations.

New Economic Measurement Method

Author : Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis New Economic Measurement Method by : Johnny Ch Lok

Download or read book New Economic Measurement Method written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micro or macro economic method consumer desire measurementThe role of economy can measure consumer behavior, it can be used to analyze and gather social data, e.g. how many different brands of product are selling in the country, how many youth people, working people, old peole age groups are living in the country, how many the kind of product number is sold in the yar, how many average shopping times to the kind product to the country overall consumers number in the year, how long useful time to be replaced another new product, the counry's consumers they use the kind of product. Consequently, economist can conclude the effect of the kind of product sale number, different age of consumers' purchase times and useful time etc. different market data in order to predict whether the kind of product ought be manufactured how many number which is the most suitable number as well as whether the reasonable price level is to achieve the most highest sale income to the country's the kind of brand product next year.In general, consumer behavioral research economists have improved the research task of analysing and predicting econmic change how it can influence consumer behavior. A great deal of econometic work has been devoted to building and testing models, that is systems of relationships designed to how the interdependent variation of a set of variable, and with estimating the constants in these consumer behavioral influence models.Moreover, a system of equations in which the values of some variables appear for consecutive time periods can be used for any countries' consumer behavioral changing prediction purposes, but the predictions which can be dervied express the way in which the system would vary through time if it were allowed to run undistributed. Ths aspect ot the research consumer behavioral changing matter is now recognized and specifies the assumed properties, since they have importance bearing not only in prediction, but also on the estimation, e.g. how and why and when the country's consumer purchase habit will sudden change. Hence, the consumer behavioral research economists' role is to provide the country's market information about the systematic factors at work, so that the variable element of guess-work is reduced as far as possible.All practical economists who are not econometricians will readily assent to this statement as it relates to identities or definitions. No one in his senses will be content with predictions: what the most minimum of income level influences consumer individual shopping desire reduces, what the most minimum of savings level influences general consumers' shopping desires reduce etc. which do not satisfy the usual accounting identifies.Economics is the science which indicates human ( consumer) role is as a relationship between ( achieving sale effect ) and consumers feel scarce to buy the product ( psychological response), because general consumers feel scarce or shortage supplying to the product in themselves coutry market. They will choose to attempt to visit any shops to buy the product immediately. So, scarce or shortage supplying factor may be one important factor to influence general consumers expect to buy the kind of product immediately if they feel the brand of product is shortage to sell to them in any shops in the country. It may be more important to compare cheaper price factor, inflation factor, the shop's geographical location far away to the consumer individual home factor, savings or investment etc. different factors to influence the country's consumers purchase desires to be raise up or fallen down.

The New Role Of Economists Measurement Consumer Behavior

Author : Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781710138979
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (389 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Role Of Economists Measurement Consumer Behavior by : Johnny Ch Lok

Download or read book The New Role Of Economists Measurement Consumer Behavior written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economics is the science which indicates human ( consumer) role is as a relationship between ( achieving sale effect ) and consumers feel scarce to buy the product ( psychological response), because general consumers feel scarce or shortage supplying to the product in themselves coutry market. They will choose to attempt to visit any shops to buy the product immediately. So, scarce or shortage supplying factor may be one important factor to influence general consumers expect to buy the kind of product immediately if they feel the brand of product is shortage to sell to them in any shops in the country. It may be more important to compare cheaper price factor, inflation factor, the shop's geographical location far away to the consumer individual home factor, savings or investment etc. different factors to influence the country's consumers purchase desires to be rised up or fallen down.The economc methods measure consumer behaviors ( purpose to accept primary facts. Hence is on the quantitative side a further type of information. By primary facts, I mean such things as the originating entries in a firm's sale cash book or the quantity of some commodity produced over a particular period. On the other hand, there are many items, similar to primary facts in the actual world, but which are not capable of being in the same simple manner, e.g. the income of an individual or a nation GDP. These data is the best consumer behavioral changing to the country's social consumption market. The principle problems which the answering of questions of fact sets to the economic statisticans can conveniently be analyzed in the familiar terms of demand and supply concerns to research how, why and when the kind of product's consumer shopping desires whether they will like to choose either buy more or less to the kind of product. We first have to decide what we want to know and then consider how we are going to find it out. For the point of view of the user of factual information. The obvious approach to the research how, why and when consumer shopping desires change to the kind of product purchase choice issue. A system for ascertaining facts which worked on this principle, such as how many economic facts are ascertained to the country's consumption market concerns to the kind of product. There is no point in trying to ascertain the national income on some given definition to the nearest pounds or UK dollar measured when in fact no use for the information could be concerned that required it to be accurate to more than the nearest 10 million pound or UK dollar for England, UK GDP ( Gross Domestic Product) income in the year. Hence, GDP is not the most suitable data gathering method to be used to analyze why, how and when consumers behavioral change to the kind of product sale in the country. Because ir is one macro economic view, it is not more accurate to compare micro economic view to measure any country's consumer behavior or shopping desire changes, such as individual income level changes, . Otherwise, these micro economic data, such as firms sale number and sale income changes etc. data they are more suitable to be used in order to measure whether the kind of product's consumption desire will increase or decrease more accurate for the country next year.

Behavioral Economic Measurement Social Changing

Author : Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781710154672
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (546 download)

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Book Synopsis Behavioral Economic Measurement Social Changing by : Johnny Ch LOK

Download or read book Behavioral Economic Measurement Social Changing written by Johnny Ch LOK and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micro or macro economic methodconsumer desire measurementThe role of economy can measure consumer behavior, it can be used to analyze and gather social data, e.g. how many different brands of product are selling in the country, how many youth people, working people, old peole age groups are living in the country, how many the kind of product number is sold in the yar, how many average shopping times to the kind product to the country overall consumers number in the year, how long useful time to be replaced another new product , the counry's consumers they use the kind of product. Consequently, economist can conclude the effect of the kind of product sale number, different age of consumers' purchase times and useful time etc. different market data in order to predict whether the kind of product ought be manufactured how many number which is the most suitable number as well as whether the reasonable price level is to achieve the most highest sale income to the country's the kind of brand product next year.In general, consumer behavioral research economists have improved the research task of analysing and predicting econmic change how it can influence consumer behavior. A great deal of econometic work has been devoted to building and testing models, that is systems of relationships designed to how the interdependent variation of a set of variable, and with estimating the constants in these consumer behavioral influence models.Moreover, a system of equations in which the values of some variables appear for consecutive time periods can be used for any countries' consumer behavioral changing prediction purposes , but the predictions which can be dervied express the way in which the system would vary through time if it were allowed to run undistributed. Ths aspect ot the research consumer behavioral changing matter is now recognized and specifies the assumed properties , since they have importance bearing not only in prediction, but also on the estimation, e.g. how and why and when the country's consumer purchase habit will sudden change. Hence, the consumer behavioral research economists' role is to provide the country's market information about the systematic factors at work , so that the variable element of guess-work is reduced as far as possible.

Micro Or Macro Economic Measurement Marketing Behavioral Changing More Success

Author : Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781710141641
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (416 download)

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Book Synopsis Micro Or Macro Economic Measurement Marketing Behavioral Changing More Success by : Johnny Ch LOK

Download or read book Micro Or Macro Economic Measurement Marketing Behavioral Changing More Success written by Johnny Ch LOK and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To go back to the example of the definitional relationship " income equals consumption plus saving", we can obviously calculate it means that income minus consumption, whereever saving appears in a system of relationships. Thus, reducing the number of variables and of equation. A ny explanation indicates that why micro economic data, e.g. indivdual income variable level, saving variable level is more accuate to be gathered to use for judgement when, why and how the kind of product general consumers behaviors or shopping desires change to compare macro economic data , e.g. the country's GDP in the country. Because we can not build up a theory of human behavior with the aid of definitional relationship alone, in addition we shall need relationship of age groups, such as a individual or a young age group, working age group, old age group different age consumers or occupation groups, e.g. professional occupation, such as teacher, doctor, lawyer , or low educational level occupation, such as factory worker etc. different age or occupation consumer groups of a consumption behaviouristic or consumer group character telling us something of the way in which the different individuals or consumer groups behavr or indicating the technical relationships which subsist between, say the input of factors of production and the output of product. Example of such relationships are: The familiar demand and supply to the brand product relationships; the relationship connecting saving to the individual income or general young age group income or old age group income or working people income in the society, and the rate of interest to the country's bank system; a relationship indicating the presence or absence of price control to gas issue concerns how to influence car buyers' purchase cars demands or driving desires. All of these any one of micro economic relationship is the influence of as aspect of the consumer behavioral changing or consumer desire changing system highly relevant to general macro economic behavioral change system to the country.Is these any advantage in operate with structural equations? The answer is " yes" for the following reasons. In the case of relationship expressing behavior these may be expected to ahve the highest possible degree of performance, since they reflect the behavior of only one type of entity in the system, such as sales and price information equations just mentioned, depend for their stability on the constant responses not of one but of two or more types of entity, in the example both buyers ( the kind of product consumers or buyers ) and sellers ( the kind of product sellers). Thus, if we can assume that the buyers' responses , through not the sellers' responses will remain constant over a period, we can express ( or forecast) the quantity transacted by using one equation if we adopt the demand equation. Whereas, we shall need to least two if we adopt that sales equation. Thus, in micro economic view, equation method , such as gathering the kind of sale and price their information, it may help the seller measure whether it ought set up how much sale price to the product to let many consumers feel the most reasonable in order to increase its sale number in the country's consumption market.

The New Role Of Micro Economic Measures Consumer Behavior

Author : Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781671048799
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (487 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Role Of Micro Economic Measures Consumer Behavior by : Johnny Ch Lok

Download or read book The New Role Of Micro Economic Measures Consumer Behavior written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The national income accounting measurement is one good method to help any development countries to research whether what issues are their weaknesses or strengths is order to improve their economic development challenge. The central concept in national accouting is to measure the total output of products or services of the country's economy over a given time period.The measure is known or gross domestic product (GDP). Output is produced by employing various factors of production ( mainly labor and captial), and the revenue from sale of output of used to make payments to these factors of production. The value of output is identified, to the value of income paidout, or what is known as national income. Since the output produced is sold ( or added to stocks), the value of output is also equal to the value of expenditure.Hence, GDP can bre regarded as the value of output produced ( appregate supply), the total value of expenditure on output ( aggregate demand) or the total value of income in producing the output (real income). So, any developing countries can find whether how much or amout different industries value of output produced from and the real aggregate demand from consumers for different industries' products sale number or services demand in order find whether what factors cause the kind of industry's total GDP product sale number and real income reduction amount. For example, last year, the developing country's cloth industry sale number has 600,000 pieces and real GDP income has US$5 million. But, this year, its cloth industry sale number has 400,000 pieces and real GDP income has US$ 2 million. Hence, the developing countries can know its current year overall cloth industry sale number and GDP real income must reduce. Then, this country can attempt to find any factors had influenced itself cloth industry why this country itself cloth buyers number and their wearing demand has reduced. the reasons may include overall cloths price is exceed the normal price level or too high to compare its other foreign cloth sellers ( overall local cloths price is exceed foreign cloth sellers' price extremely, or overall cloth fashion is not update or not attractive or quality is poor, or import cloth material producing price is too high to cause overall cloth sellers' cloth sale prices are needed to rise in order to earn balance profit or avoid reducing profit, or this developing country's cloth sellers' loyalties or brands are not famous to influence overall local cloth buyers know to choose to buy in itself country. Hence, this developing country can attempt to apply macroeconomic behavioral method to find whether what it/are the main factor(s) to cause its overall cloth industry's real GDP income and sale number is influenced to fall down suddenly in this year.This macroeconomic country income measurement method can also measure why or what factors cause its any industries' overall supply and demand imbalance problem existence or cause. The reader will notice that the aggregate supply curve (AS) is drawn with an upward slope from left or right. So that at higher price levels more output is provided obviously, there will be a point when, given fixed amount of captial, labor and technology, output can not be increased in the short term. This represents the full employment level, and at this point, the aggregrate suply curve will become vertical. The aggregate demand cuve simply shows the relationship between the total amount of products and services consumers desire and the price level. For one developing country's overall computer industry example, if it had overall aggregate supply of computer manufacturing number is one million pieces last year, but this year, it's aggregate supply of computer supply of computer manufacturing number is only five hundred thousand pieces. Hence, its overall computer aggregate manufacturing number fell down half pieces in this year.

Macro and Micro Economic Measurement to Consumer Behaviors

Author : Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781710734188
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis Macro and Micro Economic Measurement to Consumer Behaviors by : Johnny Ch LOK

Download or read book Macro and Micro Economic Measurement to Consumer Behaviors written by Johnny Ch LOK and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-23 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic Theories of Crime What is economic theories of crime ?This brief literature review highlights three key economic frameworks that can be used to explain a persistent social problem in modern society, crime and delinquency: the rational model, the present-oriented or myopic model, and the radical political economic model. Based on a cost-benefit analysis, an individuals decision to engage in crime in the rational model is consistent in the short-and long-term. Present-oriented individuals, however, focus on the short-term benefits without particular concern for the long-term consequences of their actions. The radical political economic model focuses on the following key political and socio-economic factors that sustain crime: relative deprivation, poverty and inequality, unemployment, and class conflict.The conclusion includes a conceptual map integrating the three frameworks.Some economists and crime psychologists believe that crime is not limited to certain areas or to certain socioeconomic classes of society. Criminal activities take many forms, including theft, homicide,assault, fraud, embezzlement, and blackmail. So why does crime persist? Are there underlying factors that can explain criminal behavior? Can we lowerthe incentives for criminal behavior? Do criminals take opportunity costs of committing a crime into account? The social science field has long been interested in these questions.

The Relationship Between Macro Economy Measurement And

Author : Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781710110487
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Macro Economy Measurement And by : Johnny Ch Lok

Download or read book The Relationship Between Macro Economy Measurement And written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is economic theories of crime ?This brief literature review highlights three key economic frameworks that can be used to explain a persistent social problem in modern society, crime and delinquency: the rational model, the present-oriented or myopic model, and the radical political economic model. Based on a cost-benefit analysis, an individuals decision to engage in crime in the rational model is consistent in the short-and long-term. Present-oriented individuals, however, focus on the short-term benefits without particular concern for the long-term consequences of their actions. The radical political economic model focuses on the following key political and socio-economic factors that sustain crime: relative deprivation, poverty and inequality, unemployment, and class conflict.The conclusion includes a conceptual map integrating the three frameworks.Some economists and crime psychologists believe that crime is not limited to certain areas or to certain socioeconomic classes of society. Criminal activities take many forms, including theft, homicide, assault, fraud, embezzlement, and blackmail. So why does crime persist? Are there underlying factors that can explain criminal behavior? Can we lowerthe incentives for criminal behavior? Do criminals take opportunity costs of committing a crime into account? The social science field has long been interested in these questions.This literature review focuses on the discipline of economics and its assumptions about individual decisions to commit crime. The standard assumption is that individuals who commit crimes are rational decision makers who expect to gain something from criminal activity, and this gain is greater than the expected costs associated with being caught. Most of the research in this area focuses on the effects of incentives to engage in criminal behavior and on the use of cost-benefit analysis to assess alternative policies to reduce crime. However, not all crime can be categorized as rational behavior. Socioeconomic factors are also assumed to affect crime, and alternative theories to explain criminal activities are used to challenge the standard assumption of rational behavior.The main objective of this review is to identify the key economic frameworks that are used to explain crime and delinquency. The three key frameworks include the rational model of crime, the present-oriented or myopic model of crime, and the radical political economic model of crime

Improving the Measurement of Consumer Expenditures

Author : Christopher D. Carroll
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022612665X
Total Pages : 517 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Improving the Measurement of Consumer Expenditures by : Christopher D. Carroll

Download or read book Improving the Measurement of Consumer Expenditures written by Christopher D. Carroll and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-06-16 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robust and reliable measures of consumer expenditures are essential for analyzing aggregate economic activity and for measuring differences in household circumstances. Many countries, including the United States, are embarking on ambitious projects to redesign surveys of consumer expenditures, with the goal of better capturing economic heterogeneity. This is an appropriate time to examine the way consumer expenditures are currently measured, and the challenges and opportunities that alternative approaches might present. Improving the Measurement of Consumer Expenditures begins with a comprehensive review of current methodologies for collecting consumer expenditure data. Subsequent chapters highlight the range of different objectives that expenditure surveys may satisfy, compare the data available from consumer expenditure surveys with that available from other sources, and describe how the United States’s current survey practices compare with those in other nations.

Behavioral Economic Measurement Consumer Psychology

Author : Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781710733150
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (331 download)

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Book Synopsis Behavioral Economic Measurement Consumer Psychology by : Johnny Ch Lok

Download or read book Behavioral Economic Measurement Consumer Psychology written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-11-23 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The national income accounting measurement is one good method to help any development countries to research whether what issues are their weaknesses or strengths is order to improve their economic development challenge. The central concept in national accounting is to measure the total output of products or services of the country's economy over a given time period.The measure is known or gross domestic product (GDP). Output is produced by employing various factors of production ( mainly labor and capital), and the revenue from sale of output of used to make payments to these factors of production. The value of output is identified, to the value of income paidout, or what is known as national income. Since the output produced is sold ( or added to stocks), the value of output is also equal to the value of expenditure.Hence, GDP can be regarded as the value of output produced ( aggregate supply), the total value of expenditure on output ( aggregate demand) or the total value of income in producing the output (real income). So, any developing countries can find whether how much or amout different industries value of output produced from and the real aggregate demand from consumers for different industries' products sale number or services demand in order find whether what factors cause the kind of industry's total GDP product sale number and real income reduction amount. For example, last year, the developing country's cloth industry sale number has 600,000 pieces and real GDP income has US$5 million. But, this year, its cloth industry sale number has 400,000 pieces and real GDP income has US$ 2 million. Hence, the developing countries can know its current year overall cloth industry sale number and GDP real income must reduce. Then, this country can attempt to find any factors had influenced itself cloth industry why this country itself cloth buyers number and their wearing demand has reduced. the reasons may include overall cloths price is exceed the normal price level or too high to compare its other foreign cloth sellers ( overall local cloths price is exceed foreign cloth sellers' price extremely, or overall cloth fashion is not update or not attractive or quality is poor, or import cloth material producing price is too high to cause overall cloth sellers' cloth sale prices are needed to rise in order to earn balance profit or avoid reducing profit, or this developing country's cloth sellers' loyalties or brands are not famous to influence overall local cloth buyers know to choose to buy in itself country. Hence, this developing country can attempt to apply macroeconomic behavioral method to find whether what it/are the main factor(s) to cause its overall cloth industry's real GDP income and sale number is influenced to fall down suddenly in this year.This macroeconomic country income measurement method can also measure why or what factors cause its any industries' overall supply and demand imbalance problem existence or cause.

The New Role of Economic Measurement Methods

Author : Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781712755884
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (558 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Role of Economic Measurement Methods by : Johnny Ch LOK

Download or read book The New Role of Economic Measurement Methods written by Johnny Ch LOK and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principle problems which the answering of questions of fact sets to the economic statisticans can conveniently be analyzed in the familiar terms of demand and supply concerns to research how, why and when the kind of product's consumer shopping desires whether they will like to choose either buy more or less to the kind of product. We first have to decide what we want to know and then consider how we are going to find it out. For the point of view of the user of factual information. The obvious approach to the research how, why and when consumer shopping desires change to the kind of product purchase choice issue. A system for ascertaining facts which worked on this principle, such as how many economic facts are ascertained to the country's consumption market concerns to the kind of product. There is no point in trying to ascertain the national income on some given definition to the nearest pounds or UK dollar measured when in fact no use for the information could be concerned that required it to be accurate to more than the nearest 10 million pound or UK dollar for England, UK GDP ( Gross Domestic Product) income in the year. Hence, GDP is not the most suitable data gathering method to be used to analyze why , how and when consumers behavioral change to the kind of product sale in the country. Because ir is one macro economic view, it is not more accurate to compare micro economic view to measure any country's consumer behavior or shopping desire changes , such as individual income level changes,. Otherwise, these micro economic data ,such as firms sale number and sale income changes etc. data they are more suitable to be used in order to measure whether the kind of product's consumption desire will increase or decrease more accurate for the country next year.On economics, we meet with a number of different kinds of mathematical relationship. Perhaps the simplest is the definitional relationship which certains only variables linked together which certains only variables linked together by the arithmatic. Examples of such relationships are: Income equals consumption plus saving, the sim of saving by each sector of the economy equals the total saving of economy, the quantity of some commodity sold multiplied by average selling price equals the expenditure on the commodity. These equations do not tell use anything about the behavior of economic agents e.g. consumer behavior: they imply indicate the defined relationships between certain terms. When relationships of this kind form part of a system of equations. They may be used to eliminate certain variable from the system and thus reduce the degrees of freedom of the system.