Luminescence Applied in Sensor Science

Download Luminescence Applied in Sensor Science PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642194192
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Luminescence Applied in Sensor Science by : Luca Prodi

Download or read book Luminescence Applied in Sensor Science written by Luca Prodi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Logic Gates and Luminescent Sensors Based on Photoinduced Electron Transfer, by A. Prasanna de Silva and S. Uchiyama; Luminescent Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, and Screening Using Upconverting Nanoparticles, by D. E. Achatz, R. Ali, and O. S. Wolfbeis; Luminescence Amplification Strategies Integrated with Microparticle and Nanoparticle Platforms, by S. Zhu, T. Fischer, W. Wan, A. B. Descalzo, and K. Rurack; Luminescent Chemosensors Based on Silica Nanoparticles, by S. Bonacchi, D. Genovese, R. Juris, M. Montalti, L. Prodi, E. Rampazzo, M. Sgarzi, and N. Zaccheroni; Fluorescence Based Sensor Arrays, by R. Paolesse, D. Monti, F. Dini, and C. Di Natale; Enantioselective Sensing by Luminescence, by A. Accetta, R. Corradini, and R. Marchelli

Luminescence Thermometry

Download Luminescence Thermometry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081020309
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Luminescence Thermometry by : Miroslav Dramićanin

Download or read book Luminescence Thermometry written by Miroslav Dramićanin and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-04-21 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Luminescence Thermometry: Methods, Materials, and Applications presents the state-of-the art applications of luminescence thermometry, giving a detailed explanation of luminescence spectroscopic schemes for the read-out of temperature, while also describing the diverse materials that are capable of sensing temperature via luminescence. Chapters cover the fundamentals of temperature, traditional thermometers and their figures of merit, a concise description of optical thermometry methods, luminescence and instrumentation, and an explanation of the ways in which increases in temperature quench luminescence. Additional sections focus on materials utilized for luminescence thermometry and the broad range of applications for luminescence thermometry, including temperature measurement at the nanoscale and the application of multifunctional luminescent materials. Provides an overview of luminescence thermometry applications, including high-temperature, biomedical, nanoscale and multifunctional Delves into luminescence thermometry by materials group, including Rare-earth and transition Metal Ion Doped, Semiconductors, Quantum Dots and Organic materials Gives a concise introduction of the latest methods of temperature measurement, including luminescence spectroscopic schemes and methods of analysis

Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing

Download Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319207806
Total Pages : 794 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing by : Alexander P. Demchenko

Download or read book Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing written by Alexander P. Demchenko and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluorescence is the most popular technique in chemical and biological sensing and this book provides systematic knowledge of basic principles in the design of fluorescence sensing and imaging techniques together with critical analysis of recent developments. Its ultimate sensitivity, high temporal and spatial resolution and versatility enables high resolution imaging within living cells. It develops rapidly in the directions of constructing new molecular recognition units, new fluorescence reporters and in improving sensitivity of response, up to the detection of single molecules. Its application areas range from the control of industrial processes to environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics. Being a guide for students and young researchers, it also addresses professionals involved in basic and applied research. Making a strong link between education, research and product development, this book discusses prospects for future progress.

Bio- and Chemi-Luminescent Sensors

Download Bio- and Chemi-Luminescent Sensors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814498041
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Bio- and Chemi-Luminescent Sensors by : L J Blum

Download or read book Bio- and Chemi-Luminescent Sensors written by L J Blum and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1997-06-27 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is aimed at scientists, technologists, engineers, and undergraduate and graduate students involved in analytical and process biochemistry and biotechnology. It reviews the potentialities of light-emitting reaction associated with the sensor approach. The book introduces the concepts of sensors and biosensors and places bio- and chemi-luminescent sensors in the general context of biosensors. It then briefly describes luminescence phenomena and provides some basic knowledge necessary for understanding and exploiting light-emitting reactions. These luminescence reactions, important from an analytical standpoint, are described. Also the applications of bio- and chemi-luminescence which make use of immobilized reagents are explained. Finally, there is discussion of bio- and chemi-luminescent sensors, most of them including fiber optics. Contents:IntroductionA Survey of BiosensorsLuminescence PrinciplesLight-Emitting Reactions for Analytical PurposesBio- and Chemi-Luminescence Analysis with Immobilized ReagentsBioluminescence-Based Fiberoptic SensorsChemiluminescence-Based Fiberoptic SensorsConcluding Remarks and Prospects Readership: Students and researchers in biotechnology and engineering. keywords:Process;Analytical;Biochemistry;Biotechnology;Sensors;Biosensors;Bioluminescence;Chemiluminescence

Metal Nanoclusters in Catalysis and Materials Science: The Issue of Size Control

Download Metal Nanoclusters in Catalysis and Materials Science: The Issue of Size Control PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080555004
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Metal Nanoclusters in Catalysis and Materials Science: The Issue of Size Control by : Benedetto Corain

Download or read book Metal Nanoclusters in Catalysis and Materials Science: The Issue of Size Control written by Benedetto Corain and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-11 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Nanoclusters in Catalysis and Materials Science: The Issue of Size Control deals with the synthesis of metal nanoclusters along all known methodologies. Physical and chemical properties of metal nanoclusters relevant to their applications in chemical processing and materials science are covered thoroughly. Special attention is given to the role of metal nanoclusters size and shape in catalytic processes and catalytic applications relevant to industrial chemical processing.An excellent text for expanding the knowledge on the chemistry and physics of metal nanoclusters. Divided in two parts; Part I deals with general aspects of the matter and Part II has to be considered a useful handbook dealing with the production of metal nanoclusters, especially from their size-control point of view. * Divided into two parts for ease of reference: general and operational * Separation of synthetic aspects, physical properties and applications* Specific attention is given to the task of metal nanoclusters size-control

Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing

Download Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140209003X
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing by : Alexander P. Demchenko

Download or read book Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing written by Alexander P. Demchenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-21 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluorescence sensing is a rapidly developing field of research and technology. Its target is nearly the whole world of natural and synthetic compounds being detected in different media including living bodies. The application area range from control of industrial processes to environment monitoring and clinical diagnostics. Among different detection methods fluorescence techniques are distinguished by ultimate sensitivity, high temporal and spatial resolution and versatility that allows not only remote detection of different targets but their imaging within the living cells. The basic mechanism of sensing is the transmission of the signal produced by molecular interaction with the target to fluorescent molecules, nanoparticles and nanocomposites with the detection by devices based on modern electronics and optics. In this interdisciplinary field of research and development the book is primarily intended to be a guide for students and young researchers. It is also addressed to professionals involved in active research and product development serving as a reference for the recent achievements. The users of these products will find description of principles that could allow proper selection of sensors for particular needs. Making a strong link between education, research and product development, this book discusses future directions.

Luminescent Metal Nanoclusters

Download Luminescent Metal Nanoclusters PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0323886418
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Luminescent Metal Nanoclusters by : Sabu Thomas

Download or read book Luminescent Metal Nanoclusters written by Sabu Thomas and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-06-28 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Luminescent Metal Nanoclusters: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications provides a comprehensive accounting of various protocols used for the synthesis of metal nanoclusters, their characterization techniques, toxicity evaluation and various applications and future prospects. The book provides detailed experimental routes, along with mechanisms on the formation of benign metallic clusters using biomaterials and a comprehensive review regarding the preparation, properties and prospective applications of these nano clusters in various fields, including therapeutic applications. Various methods to protect nanocluster materials to increase their stability are emphasized, including the incorporation of ligands (protein, small molecule, DNA, thiols). This book addresses a gap in the current literature by bringing together the preparation, characterization and applications of all the possible types of reported metal nanoclusters and their hybrids. It is suitable for materials scientists and engineers in academia and those working in research and development in industry. It may also be of interest to those working in the interdisciplinary nanotechnology community, such as physical chemists. Covers the most relevant material categories of luminescent nanoclusters such as metal nanoclusters, nano composites and alloy nanoclusters Provides a comprehensive overview of the various available methods used for the protection of nanoclusters Discusses the latest advances and future opportunities in addressing challenges in producing benign nanomaterials such as toxicity and stability

Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers

Download Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527836853
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (278 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers by : Seiichi Uchiyama

Download or read book Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers written by Seiichi Uchiyama and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-04-03 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers Understand a vital new bioanalytical technique with this comprehensive introduction to measuring temperature on the cellular scale Most organisms have highly controlled body temperatures, fluctuations in which are therefore sensitive indicators of changes in body function. In recent years, the development of fluorescent molecular thermometers and related intracellular temperature probes has enabled researchers to track these fluctuations at the cellular rather than the organismic level, opening up a whole new field of study in cell and molecular biology. Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers provides bioanalytical researchers with an introduction to these technologies and their current and future applications. Starting off with a discussion of temperature as a key factor in biological regulation, it provides an authoritative overview of available fluorescent temperature probes, their characteristics and potential applications. Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers readers will also find: Step by step instructions for constructing an intracellular thermometry experiment and validating results Comprehensive discussion of existing applications A vision for the future development of thermal biology as an independent discipline Authored by a pioneer in the field of intracellular thermometry, Intracellular Thermometry with Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers is ideal for researchers in analytical chemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, biophysics, or any related subjects.

Upconverting Nanomaterials

Download Upconverting Nanomaterials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498707750
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Upconverting Nanomaterials by : Claudia Altavilla

Download or read book Upconverting Nanomaterials written by Claudia Altavilla and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-03 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Upconverting Nanomaterials: Perspectives, Synthesis, and Applications serves as a powerful instrument that explores cutting-edge research knowledge on the topic of upconverting nanosystems, while simultaneously providing the necessary fundamental background for nonspecialist readers. The various aspects of upconverting materials are approached both from a theoretical point of view, particularly upconverting phenomenon, and a practical one. By presenting synthetic strategies, functionalization, production of core shell structures and nanocomposites, this book supplies PhD students, researchers, and scientists with a wealth of ideas they can apply to different fields of research. Thirty-five renowned scientists from around the world have collaborated to produce 11 chapters that help to "make a voyage" through the most important aspects of UPNPs, including syntheses, mechanism, functionalization, and applications.

Nanophotocatalysis and Environmental Applications

Download Nanophotocatalysis and Environmental Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030126196
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanophotocatalysis and Environmental Applications by : Inamuddin

Download or read book Nanophotocatalysis and Environmental Applications written by Inamuddin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-07 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will be a guiding path to understand the photocatalytic process and mechanism for the deterioration of heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants and pathogens from wastewater. Environmental remediation is of crucial importance in the context of human sustainability in the present and future times. The unplanned anthropogenic activities and revolutionary industrialization end up in environmental contamination with noxious organic-inorganic and biogenic pollutants. The photocatalytic disinfection and detoxification is the only solution to preserve and restore the ecological balance. The main emphasis is to explore and enhance the photocatalytic potentials of solar active-materials.

Nanosensors for Smart Cities

Download Nanosensors for Smart Cities PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128199237
Total Pages : 962 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanosensors for Smart Cities by : Baoguo Han

Download or read book Nanosensors for Smart Cities written by Baoguo Han and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-02-13 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanosensors for Smart Cities covers the fundamental design concepts and emerging applications of nanosensors for the creation of smart city infrastructures. Examples of major applications include logistics management, where nanosensors could be used in active transport tracking devices for smart tracking and tracing, and in agri-food productions, where nanosensors are used in nanochips for identity, and food inspection, and smart storage. This book is essential reading for researchers working in the field of advanced sensors technology, smart city technology and nanotechnology, and stakeholders involved in city management. Nanomaterials based sensors (nanosensors) can offer many advantages over their microcounterparts, including lower power consumption, high sensitivity, lower concentration of analytes, and smaller interaction distance between object and sensor. With the support of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, neural networks, and ambient-intelligence, sensor systems are becoming smarter. Provides information on the fabrication and fundamental design concepts of nanosensors for intelligent systems Explores how nanosensors are being used to better monitor and maintain infrastructure services, including street lighting, traffic management and pollution control Assesses the challenges for creating nanomaterials-enhanced sensors for mass-market consumer products

Smart Sensors for Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring

Download Smart Sensors for Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642370063
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Smart Sensors for Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring by : Subhas C Mukhopadhyay

Download or read book Smart Sensors for Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring written by Subhas C Mukhopadhyay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-17 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensors are being utilized to increasing degrees in all forms of industry. Researchers and industrial practitioners in all fields seek to obtain a better understanding of appropriate processes so as to improve quality of service and efficiency. The quality of water is no exception, and the water industry is faced with a wide array of water quality issues being present world-wide. Thus, the need for sensors to tackle this diverse subject is paramount. The aim of this book is to combine, for the first time, international expertise in the area of water quality monitoring using smart sensors and systems in order that a better understanding of the challenges faced and solutions posed may be available to all in a single text.

Advances in Biosensors Vol.1, b/w

Download Advances in Biosensors Vol.1, b/w PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 8469734679
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (697 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Biosensors Vol.1, b/w by : Sergey Yurish

Download or read book Advances in Biosensors Vol.1, b/w written by Sergey Yurish and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2017-07-04 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every research and development in biosensors (as well as in any other research fields) is started from a state-of-the-art review. Such review is one of the most labor- and time-consuming parts of research, especially in high echnological areas as biosensors and chemical sensors. It is strongly necessary to take into account and reflect in the review the current stage of development, including existing sensing principles, methods of measurements, technologies and existing devices. Many PhD students and researchers working in the same area must make (and do it)the same type of work. A researcher must find appropriate references, to read it and make a critical analysis to determine what was done well before and what was not solved till now, and determine and formulate his future scientific aim and objectives. To help researchers save time and taxpayers money, we have started to publish 'Advances in Biosensors: Reviews' Book Series. The 1st volume contains 7 chapters written by 14 authors from 9 countries.

Fabrication and Self-Assembly of Nanobiomaterials

Download Fabrication and Self-Assembly of Nanobiomaterials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0323417353
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (234 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fabrication and Self-Assembly of Nanobiomaterials by : Alexandru Grumezescu

Download or read book Fabrication and Self-Assembly of Nanobiomaterials written by Alexandru Grumezescu and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fabrication and Self-Assembly of Nanobiomaterials presents the most recent findings regarding the fabrication and self-assembly of nanomaterials for different biomedical applications. Respected authors from around the world offer a comprehensive look at how nanobiomaterials are made, enabling knowledge from current research to be used in an applied setting. Recent applications of nanotechnology in the biomedical field have developed in response to an increased demand for innovative approaches to diagnosis, exploratory procedures and therapy. The book provides the reader with a strong grounding in emerging biomedical nanofabrication technologies, covering numerous fabrication routes for specific applications are described in detail and discussing synthesis, characterization and current or potential future use. This book will be of interest to professors, postdoctoral researchers and students engaged in the fields of materials science, biotechnology and applied chemistry. It will also be highly valuable to those working in industry, including pharmaceutics and biotechnology companies, medical researchers, biomedical engineers and advanced clinicians. An up-to-date and highly structured reference source for practitioners, researchers and students working in biomedical, biotechnological and engineering fields A valuable guide to recent scientific progress, covering major and emerging applications of nanomaterials in the biomedical field Proposes novel opportunities and ideas for developing or improving technologies in fabrication and self-assembly

Functional Metallosupramolecular Materials

Download Functional Metallosupramolecular Materials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1782622675
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Functional Metallosupramolecular Materials by : John George Hardy

Download or read book Functional Metallosupramolecular Materials written by John George Hardy and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-07-13 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is great interest in metallosupramolecular materials because of their use in magnetic, photonic and electronic materials. Functional Metallosupramolecular Materials focuses on the applications of these materials covering the chemistry underlying the synthesis of a variety of ligands to coordinate various metal ions and the generation of 2D and 3D materials based on these constructs. The book starts by looking at different metallosupramolecular systems including naturally occurring functional metallosupramolecular materials; DNA-based metallosupramolecular materials; metallopolymers; metallogels as well as functional materials based on MOFs. Subsequent chapters then systematically cover the different applications such as molecular computation, spin-crossover, light harvesting and as photocatalysts for the production of solar fuels. The book provides an overview of functional metallosupramolecular materials that will be of interest to graduate students, academics and industrial chemists interested in supramolecular chemistry, materials science and the materials applications.

Quenched-phosphorescence Detection of Molecular Oxygen

Download Quenched-phosphorescence Detection of Molecular Oxygen PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1788014553
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Quenched-phosphorescence Detection of Molecular Oxygen by : Dmitri B Papkovsky

Download or read book Quenched-phosphorescence Detection of Molecular Oxygen written by Dmitri B Papkovsky and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-05-25 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant progress has been made in recent years in quenched-phosphorescence oxygen sensing, particularly in the materials and applications of this detection technology that are open to commercialization, like uses in brain imaging and food packaging. Prompted by this, the editors have delivered a dedicated book that brings together these developments, provides a comprehensive overview of the different detection methodologies, and representative examples and applications. This book is intended to attract new researchers from various disciplines such as chemistry, physics, biology and medicine, stimulate further progress in the field and assist in developing new applications. Providing a concise summary at the cutting edge, this practical guide for current experts and new potential users will increase awareness of this versatile sensing technology.

Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry II

Download Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry II PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128031999
Total Pages : 4627 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry II by : George W. Gokel

Download or read book Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry II written by George W. Gokel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-22 with total page 4627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry II, Second Edition, Nine Volume Set is a ‘one-stop shop’ that covers supramolecular chemistry, a field that originated from the work of researchers in organic, inorganic and physical chemistry, with some biological influence. The original edition was structured to reflect, in part, the origin of the field. However, in the past two decades, the field has changed a great deal as reflected in this new work that covers the general principles of supramolecular chemistry and molecular recognition, experimental and computational methods in supramolecular chemistry, supramolecular receptors, dynamic supramolecular chemistry, supramolecular engineering, crystallographic (engineered) assemblies, sensors, imaging agents, devices and the latest in nanotechnology. Each section begins with an introduction by an expert in the field, who offers an initial perspective on the development of the field. Each article begins with outlining basic concepts before moving on to more advanced material. Contains content that begins with the basics before moving on to more complex concepts, making it suitable for advanced undergraduates as well as academic researchers Focuses on application of the theory in practice, with particular focus on areas that have gained increasing importance in the 21st century, including nanomedicine, nanotechnology and medicinal chemistry Fully rewritten to make a completely up-to-date reference work that covers all the major advances that have taken place since the First Edition published in 1996