Low Fertility In Advanced Asian Economies

Download Low Fertility In Advanced Asian Economies full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Low Fertility In Advanced Asian Economies ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Low Fertility in Advanced Asian Economies

Author : Shigeki Matsuda
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811507104
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Low Fertility in Advanced Asian Economies by : Shigeki Matsuda

Download or read book Low Fertility in Advanced Asian Economies written by Shigeki Matsuda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the links between family, education, and employment systems in the Asian developed economies, proposing that these three systems and their interrelations are powerful factors causing the low fertility in Asia. The phenomenon of low fertility has been widely observed in developed countries, and the birthrate in Asian countries is among the lowest in the world. Although these countries have implemented measures to counter the falling birthrate, the expected effect has not yet been achieved. Moreover, Asia has seen a rapid decrease in the number of marriages. To promote effective countermeasures, it is necessary to clarify the factors influencing the low birthrate and decline in the number of marriages. Based on a statistical analysis of survey results mainly from Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, this book discusses several important points. First, because the family system is strong, cohabitation and children born to single mothers are not socially accepted. Further, mothers play a strong role in fulfilling expectations for children’s education. Second, the popularization of higher education and intense academic competition, which have been a driving force for rapid economic growth, have led to many parents opting to have fewer children, as the cost of education is high. Lastly, wage disparity is large and employment stability is a matter of concern. These factors increase competition within education and, in turn, make it difficult for the young generation to choose marriage. Within the employment environment, balancing work and family life is problematical, especially for women.

Low Fertility in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore

Author : Shigeki Matsuda
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811528306
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Low Fertility in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore by : Shigeki Matsuda

Download or read book Low Fertility in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore written by Shigeki Matsuda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the low fertility status in three developed Asian countries—Japan, South Korea, and Singapore—and outlines countermeasures for their declining birthrates. Based on the characteristics of each society, the authors discuss why their fertility rates have not yet recovered. Low fertility is a demographic phenomenon that first occurred in Europe and subsequently spread across other countries. Currently, the fertility rates in Europe are relatively stable, while those in developed Asian economies are the lowest worldwide. This may cause labor shortages and weaken their social security systems, undermining Asia’s social and economic sustainability despite its remarkable economic development. In response to low fertility, some Asian countries have implemented countermeasures: Japan has introduced measures based on childcare facilities and work–life balance. Similarly, since the mid-2000s South Korea has established countermeasures to promote a balance between work and child rearing, as well as expanded childcare services. Singapore began introducing countermeasures before the other two countries, including various advanced measures. Yet none of these countries has seen a full recovery in fertility rates. Based on a statistical analysis of survey results from the three countries, this book makes several important points. The first is that the policy has been ineffective in Japan due to a discrepancy between the needs of parents raising children and those who are the targets of the countermeasures. Second, the work–life balance and child-rearing support measures that have been promoted in Japan and South Korea have not affected the number of children that women want to have. Third, Singaporean values tend to place individual emphasis on competition with oneself (education and career status) rather than on married life. This intense competition has lowered fertility rates. To restore these rates, each country must promote policies that better address its specific issues.

Convergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia: Processes, Causes, and Implications

Author : Noriko O. Tsuya
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431557814
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Convergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia: Processes, Causes, and Implications by : Noriko O. Tsuya

Download or read book Convergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia: Processes, Causes, and Implications written by Noriko O. Tsuya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-23 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the trends, underlying factors, and policy implications of fertility declines in three East Asian countries: Japan, South Korea, and China. In contrast to Western countries that have also experienced fertility declines to below-replacement levels, fertility decline in these East Asian countries is most notable in its rapidity and sheer magnitude. After a rapid decline shortly after the war, in which fertility was halved in one decade from 4.5 children per woman in 1947 to 2.1 in 1957, Japan's fertility started to decline to below-replacement levels in the mid-1970s, reaching 1.3 per woman in the early 2000s. Korea experienced one of the most spectacular declines ever recorded, with fertility falling continuously from very high (6.0 per woman) to a below-replacement level (1.6 per woman) between the early 1960s and mid-1980s, reaching 1.1 per woman in 2005. Similarly, after a dramatic decline from very high to low levels in one decade from the early 1970s to early 1980s, China's fertility reached around 1.5 per woman by 2005. Despite differences in timing, tempo, and scale of fertility declines, dramatic fertility reductions have resulted in extremely rapid population aging and foreshadow a long-term population decline in all three countries. This monograph provides a systematic comparison of fertility transitions in these East Asian countries and discusses the economic, social, and cultural factors that may account for their similarities and differences. After an overview of cultural backgrounds, economic transformations, and the evolution of policies, the trends and age patterns of fertility are examined. The authors then investigate changes in women's marriage and childbearing within marriage, the two major direct determinants of fertility, followed by an analysis of the social and economic factors underlying fertility and nuptiality changes, such as education, women's employment, and gender relations at home.

Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia

Author : Paulin Straughan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134032099
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia by : Paulin Straughan

Download or read book Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia written by Paulin Straughan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-09-25 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea and Hong Kong SAR are among the very lowest-fertility countries in the whole world, and even China has reached fertility levels lower than those in many European countries. If these levels continue over long periods East Asia will soon face accelerating population decline in addition the changes in age distributions in such populations raise major new questions for planning of economic and social welfare. This book brings together work by noted experts on the low fertility countries of East Asia with an up-to-date analysis of trends in fertility, what we know about their determinants and consequences, the policy issues and how these are being addressed in the various countries. Its role in bringing together information on policy trends and initiatives of a pro-natalist kind adopted over recent years in these countries is extremely important, as is the fact that the discussion of these pro-natalist policies is set in the context of a thorough analysis of what has driven fertility so low in these countries. Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia is invaluable to students and scholars of East Asian public and social policy, as well as fertility studies more generally.

Low Fertility and Population Aging in Japan and Eastern Asia

Author : Toru Suzuki
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 4431547800
Total Pages : 95 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Low Fertility and Population Aging in Japan and Eastern Asia by : Toru Suzuki

Download or read book Low Fertility and Population Aging in Japan and Eastern Asia written by Toru Suzuki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a unique comparative view of the extremely low fertility and drastic population aging in Eastern Asian countries. After discussing demographic and political developments of Japan in detail as a reference case, accelerated changes in Korea, Taiwan and China are interpreted with a comparative cultural view. In addition to the well-known cultural divide between countries with strong and weak family ties, this book proposes another divide between offspring of the feudal family and that of the Confucian family. Included is a discussion of how the discrepancy between the compressed change in the socioeconomic system and the slow change in the family system has resulted in extremely low fertility in Eastern Asia. A comparison of policy development reveals that the sense of overpopulation has caused difficulty in launching pro-natal policy interventions in Eastern Asia, especially in China. Impacts of fertility decline on population aging, total dependency ratio and the timing of population decline in Eastern Asia are analyzed with a stylized model. The remaining Confucian family pattern is especially important in understanding and predicting political development to cope with accelerated population aging. This book is a valuable resource for researchers who are interested in the latest and most surprising demographic phenomena in the region.

Some Determinants of High and Low Fertility in Four Asian Countries

Author : Population Council
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (76 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Some Determinants of High and Low Fertility in Four Asian Countries by : Population Council

Download or read book Some Determinants of High and Low Fertility in Four Asian Countries written by Population Council and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Low and Lower Fertility

Author : Ronald R. Rindfuss
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319214829
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Low and Lower Fertility by : Ronald R. Rindfuss

Download or read book Low and Lower Fertility written by Ronald R. Rindfuss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-12 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines two distinct low fertility scenarios that have emerged in economically advanced countries since the turn of the 20th century: one in which fertility is at or near replacement-level and the other where fertility is well below replacement. It explores the way various institutions, histories and cultures influence fertility in a diverse range of countries in Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The book features invited papers from the Conference on Low Fertility, Population Aging and Population Policy, held December 2013 and co-sponsored by the East-West Center and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA). It first presents an overview of the demographic and policy implications of the two low fertility scenarios. Next, the book explores five countries currently experiencing low fertility rates: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and South Korea. It then examines three countries that have close to replacement-level fertility: Australia, the Netherlands and the United States. Each country is featured in a separate chapter written by a demographer with expert knowledge in the area. Very low fertility is linked to a number of conditions countries face, including a declining population size. At the same time, low fertility and its effect on the age structure, threatens social welfare policies. This book goes beyond the technical to examine the core institutional, policy and cultural factors behind this increasingly important issue. It helps readers to make cross-country comparisons and gain insight into how diverse institutions, policies and culture shape fertility levels and patterns.

The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia

Author : Takatoshi Ito
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226386880
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia by : Takatoshi Ito

Download or read book The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia written by Takatoshi Ito and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies show that almost all industrial countries have experienced dramatic decreases in both fertility and mortality rates. This situation has led to aging societies with economies that suffer from both a decline in the working population and a rise in fiscal deficits linked to increased government spending. East Asia exemplifies these trends, and this volume offers an in-depth look at how long-term demographic transitions have taken shape there and how they have affected the economy in the region. The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia assembles a group of experts to explore such topics as comparative demographic change, population aging, the rising cost of health care, and specific policy concerns in individual countries. The volume provides an overview of economic growth in East Asia as well as more specific studies on Japan, Korea, China, and Hong Kong. Offering important insights into the causes and consequences of this transition, this book will benefit students, researchers, and policy makers focused on East Asia as well as anyone concerned with similar trends elsewhere in the world.

Low Fertility and Reproductive Health in East Asia

Author : Naohiro Ogawa
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401792267
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Low Fertility and Reproductive Health in East Asia by : Naohiro Ogawa

Download or read book Low Fertility and Reproductive Health in East Asia written by Naohiro Ogawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a unique blend of social and biomedical sciences in the field of low fertility and reproductive health. It offers a significant contribution to understanding the determinants of low fertility mostly in East Asia, including an assessment of the effectiveness of policies that aim to raise fertility. It introduces new analytical tools and methods and shares application of innovative approaches to analyzing cross-sectional and longitudinal survey data and macro socioeconomic data to shed light on changing mechanisms of low fertility in the context of reproductive health. The volume introduces the demographic dividend into the study of fertility, analyzes possible impact of population ageing on the amount of resources allocated to child rearing, i.e. the so called "crowding effect" in social care and public spending between the elderly and children. The book also tests the Low Fertility Trap (LFT) hypothesis, a new important theory regarding fertility trends. The book focuses on East Asia which is numerically large but relatively under-researched with regard to issues covered in various chapters. The relevance of the volume, however, goes beyond countries in East Asia. The book breaks new grounds and reveals little known facts regarding the influence of endocrine disruptors on male fertility through falling sperm counts, the phenomenon of marital sexlessness and about the sexual behavior of adolescents in East Asia.

Economic Pressures, Career Orientations, Traditional Family Values and Low Fertility in East Asia

Author : Yeon Sun Park
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781124616452
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (164 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Economic Pressures, Career Orientations, Traditional Family Values and Low Fertility in East Asia by : Yeon Sun Park

Download or read book Economic Pressures, Career Orientations, Traditional Family Values and Low Fertility in East Asia written by Yeon Sun Park and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of significant population decline in the East Asian countries of the Republic of Korea, Japan and Taiwan, there is considerable interest in understanding factors associated with choices about the number of children couples have. Societal changes in women's participation in the labor market, increased education levels, and the costs of children have provided part of the explanation. However, comparatively less is known about how women's views about career and traditional gender roles relate to reductions in family size within these countries. An important guiding assumption of this study was that the patriarchal and family oriented cultures of these countries make it more difficult for women to achieve a balance between family life and work. This study investigated these issues employing data from ISSP 2005 Work Orientations III Survey; a large, nationally representative cross-sectional data set conducted in South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan in 2005. I created a pooled analysis sample and used OLS regression to examine relationships between measures of career orientation and traditional family values and number of children. Control variables included economic pressure to work as well as other socioeconomic and demographic factors. The results revealed a negative association between both economic pressures and career-orientation and the number children. Contrary to expectations however, women traditional family values were associated with fewer children. Unlike patterns found in the West and Developing Countries, the results showed that on average, women in higher income households had more children than their counterparts with lower economic resources. The paper concludes with the policy recommendations for increasing fertility and improving the balance between childbearing and work.

Family Demography in Asia

Author : Stuart Gietel-Basten
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1785363557
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (853 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Family Demography in Asia by : Stuart Gietel-Basten

Download or read book Family Demography in Asia written by Stuart Gietel-Basten and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demographic future of Asia is a global issue. As the biggest driver of population growth, an understanding of patterns and trends in fertility throughout Asia is critical to understand our shared demographic future. This is the first book to comprehensively and systematically analyse fertility across the continent through the perspective of individuals themselves rather than as a consequence of top-down government policies.

Population Growth and Economic Development in Low Income Countries

Author : Ansley Johnson Coale
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781258303228
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Population Growth and Economic Development in Low Income Countries by : Ansley Johnson Coale

Download or read book Population Growth and Economic Development in Low Income Countries written by Ansley Johnson Coale and published by . This book was released on 2012-04 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Some Determinants of High and Low Fertility in Four Asian Countries

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Some Determinants of High and Low Fertility in Four Asian Countries by :

Download or read book Some Determinants of High and Low Fertility in Four Asian Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Perception of Family and Work in Low-Fertility East Asia

Author : Junji Kageyama
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819938597
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Perception of Family and Work in Low-Fertility East Asia by : Junji Kageyama

Download or read book Perception of Family and Work in Low-Fertility East Asia written by Junji Kageyama and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-30 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first of its kind to incorporate subjective well-being (SWB) data to comprehensively explore perceptional factors that relate to fertility behavior in East Asia. The advantage of SWB data lies in the accessibility to rich information regarding perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. With this advantage, the book inquires into the perceptions toward family and work and explores the attitudes that lead to low fertility in the region. To this end, first a comparative analysis with international cross-sectional data is performed and the East Asian characteristics of family and work perceptions are documented. Then, three democracies in the region are focused on—Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan—to investigate the relationships between cultural orientations, work–life balance, and fertility outcomes with panel data. In addition, East Asian results are compared with those in India, which has also been experiencing a rapid transition from a traditional society to an industrial one. The results support the idea that the friction between persistent gender-based role divisions and socioeconomic transformation in East Asia makes it difficult for women to balance family and work, prompting fertility decline to the lowest-low level in the region.

Fertility Trends and Prospects in East and South-east Asian Countries and Implications for Policies and Programmes

Author : Richard Leete
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Fertility Trends and Prospects in East and South-east Asian Countries and Implications for Policies and Programmes by : Richard Leete

Download or read book Fertility Trends and Prospects in East and South-east Asian Countries and Implications for Policies and Programmes written by Richard Leete and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The "Population Problem" in Pacific Asia

Author : Stuart Gietel-Basten
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199361088
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The "Population Problem" in Pacific Asia by : Stuart Gietel-Basten

Download or read book The "Population Problem" in Pacific Asia written by Stuart Gietel-Basten and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-07 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the twenty-first century's often being referred to as the Asian Century-indicating hope for economic growth and the rebalancing of the global order-population aging and stagnation present an existential threat to the success of China and other territories of Pacific Asia (namely Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea). This book argues that the "population problem," rooted in low fertility, has thus far been largely considered in a linear way: low fertility leads to population stagnation and rapid aging, so fixing low fertility should correct the problem. However, a multi-dimensional lens is essential to appreciating the scale and nature of the issue-and, indeed, to determining whether it is an issue at all. Stuart Gietel-Basten examines how the issue of low fertility has been constructed, how blame has been apportioned, and why policies designed to tackle it have yielded few results. Drawing on an array of primary and secondary sources as well as examples from scholarly and popular literature, The "Population Problem" in Pacific Asia takes a comparative approach to fertility in the region and locates mainland China in its regional context. It serves as a useful resource for government workers, stakeholders, and students and scholars in sociology, demography, geography, economics, and area studies.

Population and Development

Author : Geoffrey Hawthorn
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136882987
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Population and Development by : Geoffrey Hawthorn

Download or read book Population and Development written by Geoffrey Hawthorn and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1978, this book explores the vital global issue of high and low fertility in poorer countries through a series of case studies by contemporary experts in the fields of development and demography. These studies examine such issues as: the relations between fertility rates and income distributions in poor societies; the question of whether or not neo-classical macro-economics are sufficient to understand and to try to engineer relations between economies and populations; and the specifics of the relations between fertility and a variety of socio-economic factors in both South Asia and West Africa. The point of the collection is to explain how very far general models can be taken, and to suggest that they cannot be taken as far as those who have tended to ignore the structural complexities of, and differences between, various societies have implied.