Louis XIV's Architect

Download Louis XIV's Architect PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pen and Sword History
ISBN 13 : 1399054236
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (99 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Louis XIV's Architect by : Richard Ballard

Download or read book Louis XIV's Architect written by Richard Ballard and published by Pen and Sword History. This book was released on 2023-12-30 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a study of royal absolutism in a most extreme form in modern European history, and of the nature of Louis XIV's concept of personal glory and of the embodiment of France as a new superpower. It is a study of political ideas expressed in architecture to establish Versailles as the centre of French world power and royal prestige. It is also a personal story, full of social, cultural, and economic history of the period as seen in the life and work of Louis Le Vau, from a humble family of craftsmen, who was a self-taught architect in the early history of the profession, skilled in technical craft skills and even grand design. He was a major contributor to the architectural glories of Paris including the Louvre, Vincennes, Versailles and the College of the Four Nations. And all achieved despite interference from the great magnates of the age like Mazarin and Colbert and constant mind-changing by the King who wanted every feature in the buildings to reflect his concept of personal, royal, prestige. Le Vau was Louis XIV's First Architect from 1654 until his death and disgrace in 1670. The social, cultural, economic and political backdrop is striking with court intrigue, scandal, corruption, luxury, indulgence and the rise of a rich bourgeoisie, but the main thrust of the story concerns Louis XIV and the royal personal ambition, and the work of a stone-cutter's son who became the Sun King's instrument. The study is good on the more technical features of architectural history - reminiscent of Pevsner's marvellous Buildings of England series.

The Sovereign Artist

Download The Sovereign Artist PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781911300052
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Sovereign Artist by : Wolf Burchard

Download or read book The Sovereign Artist written by Wolf Burchard and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph examines the wide artistic production of Louis XIV's most prolific and powerful artist, Charles Le Brun (1619-1690), illustrating the magnificence of his paintings and focusing particularly on the interiors and decorative art works produced according to his designs. In his joint capacities of Premier peintre du roi, director of the Gobelins manufactory and rector of the Acad mie royale de peinture et de sculpture, Le Brun exercised a previously unprecedented influence on the production of the visual arts - so much so that some scholars have repeatedly described him as 'dictator' of the arts in France. The Sovereign Artist explores how Le Brun operated in his diverse fields of activities, linking and juxtaposing his portraiture, history painting and pictorial theory with his designs for architecture, tapestries, carpets and furniture. It argues that Le Brun sought to create a repeatable and easily recognizable visual language associated with Louis XIV, in order to translate the king's political claims for absolute power into a visual form. How he did this is discussed through a series of individual case studies ranging from Le Brun's lost equestrian portrait of Louis XIV, and his involvement in the Querelle du coloris at the Acad mie, to his scheme for 93 Savonnerie carpets for the Grande Galerie at the Louvre, his Histoire du roy tapestry series, his decoration of the now destroyed Escalier des Ambassadeurs at Versailles and the dramatic destruction of the Sun King's silver furniture. One key theme is the relation between the unity of the visual arts, to which Le Brun aspired, and the strong hierarchical distinctions he made between the liberal arts and the mechanical crafts: while his lectures at the Acad mie advocated a visual and conceptual unity in painting and architecture, they were also a means by which he attempted to secure the newly gained status of painting as a liberal art, and therefore to distinguish it from the mechanical crafts which he oversaw the production of at the Gobelins. His artistic and architectural aspirations were comparable to those of his Roman contemporary Gianlorenzo Bernini, summoned to Paris in 1665 to design the Louvre's East fa ade and to create a portrait bust of Louis XIV. Bernini's failure to convince the king and Colbert of his architectural scheme offered new opportunities for Le Brun and his French contemporaries to prove themselves capable of solving the architectural problems of the Louvre and to transform it into a palace appropriate "to the grandeur and the magnificence of the prince who was] to inhabit it" (Jean-Baptiste Colbert to Nicolas Poussin in 1664). The comparison between Le Brun and Bernini not only illustrates how France sought artistic supremacy over Italy during the second half of the 17th century, but further helps to demonstrate how Le Brun himself wanted to be perceived: beyond acting as a translator of the king's artistic ambition, the artist appears to have sought his own sovereign authority over the visual arts.

The Fountain of Latona

Download The Fountain of Latona PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812298373
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Fountain of Latona by : Thomas F. Hedin

Download or read book The Fountain of Latona written by Thomas F. Hedin and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2022-05-27 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ovid tells the story of Latona, the mother by Jupiter of Apollo and Diana. In her flight from the jealous Juno, she arrives faint and parched on the coast of Asia Minor. Kneeling to sip from a pond, Latona is met by the local peasants, who not only deny her effort but muddy the water in pure malice. Enraged, Latona calls a curse down upon the stingy peasants, turning them to frogs. In his masterful study, Thomas F. Hedin reveals how and why a fountain of this strange legend was installed in the heart of Versailles in the 1660s, the inaugural decade of Louis XIV’s patronage there. The natural supply of water was scarce and unwieldy, and it took the genius of the king’s hydraulic engineers, working in partnership with the landscape architect André Le Nôtre, to exploit it. If Ovid’s peasants were punished for their stubborn denial of water, so too the obstacles of coarse nature at Versailles were conquered; the aquatic iconography of the fountain was equivalent to the aquatic reality of the gardens. Latona was designed by Charles Le Brun, the most powerful artist at the court of Louis XIV, and carried out by Gaspard and Balthazar Marsy. The 1660s were rich in artistic theory in France, and the artists of the fountain delivered substantial lectures at the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture on subjects of central concern to their current work. What they professed was what they were visualizing in the gardens. As such, the fountain is an insider’s guide to the leading artistic ideals of the moment. Louis XIV was viewed as the reincarnation of Apollo, the god of creativity, the inspiration of artists and scientists. Hedin’s original argument is that Latona was a double declaration: a glorification of the king and a proud manifesto by artists.

A Royal Passion

Download A Royal Passion PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521586443
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (864 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Royal Passion by : Robert W. Berger

Download or read book A Royal Passion written by Robert W. Berger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-04-28 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Royal Passion is the first in-depth study of the Sun King as a patron of architecture. Surveying such monuments as the Louvre, Versailles, the Invalides, and other buildings that are closely identified with Louis XIV, Robert W. Berger demonstrates why these buildings, gardens, urban spaces, and their decorations were so important to him. Serving as functional necessities, objects of aesthetic delight, and as political statements, his architectural enterprises collectively underscored his absolutist authority. Moreover, by adopting the guise of 'builder-prince', Louis XIV reasserted his kinship with the Roman emperors, whose grandeur he sought both to emulate and to surpass.

Diplomatic Tours in the Gardens of Versailles Under Louis XIV

Download Diplomatic Tours in the Gardens of Versailles Under Louis XIV PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 081224107X
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Diplomatic Tours in the Gardens of Versailles Under Louis XIV by : Robert W. Berger

Download or read book Diplomatic Tours in the Gardens of Versailles Under Louis XIV written by Robert W. Berger and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2008-09-22 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to examine how the vast gardens of Versailles were used as a setting for the receptions of ambassadors, heads of state, and other visiting dignitaries who conducted diplomatic and political business with France.

François Blondel

Download François Blondel PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415491991
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (154 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis François Blondel by : Anthony Gerbino

Download or read book François Blondel written by Anthony Gerbino and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First director of the Académie royale d'architecture, François Blondel established a lasting model for architectural education that helped transform a still largely medieval profession into the one we recognize today. Most well known for his 1676 urban plan of Paris, Blondel is also celebrated as a mathematician, scientist, and scholar. Few figures are more representative of the close affinity between architecture and the "new science" of the seventeenth century. The first full-length study in English to appear on this polymath, this book adds to the scholarship on early modern architectural history and particularly on French classicism under Louis XIV and his minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert. It studies early modern science and technology, Baroque court culture, and the development of the discipline of architecture.

The Sun King at Sea

Download The Sun King at Sea PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Getty Publications
ISBN 13 : 1606067303
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Sun King at Sea by : Meredith Martin

Download or read book The Sun King at Sea written by Meredith Martin and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This richly illustrated volume, the first devoted to maritime art and galley slavery in early modern France, shows how royal propagandists used the image and labor of enslaved Muslims to glorify Louis XIV. Mediterranean maritime art and the forced labor on which it depended were fundamental to the politics and propaganda of France’s King Louis XIV (r. 1643–1715). Yet most studies of French art in this period focus on Paris and Versailles, overlooking the presence or portrayal of galley slaves on the kingdom’s coasts. By examining a wide range of artistic productions—ship design, artillery sculpture, medals, paintings, and prints—Meredith Martin and Gillian Weiss uncover a vital aspect of royal representation and unsettle a standard picture of art and power in early modern France. With an abundant selection of startling images, many never before published, The Sun King at Sea emphasizes the role of esclaves turcs (enslaved Turks)—rowers who were captured or purchased from Islamic lands—in building and decorating ships and other art objects that circulated on land and by sea to glorify the Crown. Challenging the notion that human bondage vanished from continental France, this cross-disciplinary volume invites a reassessment of servitude as a visible condition, mode of representation, and symbol of sovereignty during Louis XIV’s reign.

Architecture in France in the Eighteenth Century

Download Architecture in France in the Eighteenth Century PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300060130
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Architecture in France in the Eighteenth Century by : Wend Graf Kalnein

Download or read book Architecture in France in the Eighteenth Century written by Wend Graf Kalnein and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Architecture in France in the Eighteenth Century Wend von Kalnein French architecture of the eighteenth century - which exhibited great technical ability and refined taste - influenced architectural style throughout Europe. This handsome book is a survey of the French architecture of the period. It begins with the origins of the 'style moderne' under the last years of Louis XIV, discusses the end of Rococo and the return to antiquity, and concludes with the Revolutionary architecture and the house of Madame Récamier. Kalnein describes the development of palace and hôtel architecture by the two great architects de Cotte and Boffrand, discussing such large urban projects as the reconstruction of Rennes and the Places Royales. He traces the return to antiquity (which began when the scholars of the Académie d'Architecture were sent to Rome), the revolutionary architecture with its grand, but never executed, projects, and the shift from neoclassicism to early romanticism. Kalnein also examines the decorative arts of the period, which became even more important than architecture in the Rococo period. Focusing on such architects as Boffrand, Gabriel, and Redoux, he shows how a study of their building decoration illuminates the evolution of 'style moderne,' the battle between Rococo and Neoclassicism, and the dissemination of French styles throughout Europe.

Louis XIV's Architect

Download Louis XIV's Architect PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pen and Sword History
ISBN 13 : 139905421X
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (99 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Louis XIV's Architect by : Richard Ballard

Download or read book Louis XIV's Architect written by Richard Ballard and published by Pen and Sword History. This book was released on 2023-12-30 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a study of royal absolutism in a most extreme form in modern European history, and of the nature of Louis XIV's concept of personal glory and of the embodiment of France as a new superpower. It is a study of political ideas expressed in architecture to establish Versailles as the centre of French world power and royal prestige. It is also a personal story, full of social, cultural, and economic history of the period as seen in the life and work of Louis Le Vau, from a humble family of craftsmen, who was a self-taught architect in the early history of the profession, skilled in technical craft skills and even grand design. He was a major contributor to the architectural glories of Paris including the Louvre, Vincennes, Versailles and the College of the Four Nations. And all achieved despite interference from the great magnates of the age like Mazarin and Colbert and constant mind-changing by the King who wanted every feature in the buildings to reflect his concept of personal, royal, prestige. Le Vau was Louis XIV's First Architect from 1654 until his death and disgrace in 1670. The social, cultural, economic and political backdrop is striking with court intrigue, scandal, corruption, luxury, indulgence and the rise of a rich bourgeoisie, but the main thrust of the story concerns Louis XIV and the royal personal ambition, and the work of a stone-cutter's son who became the Sun King's instrument. The study is good on the more technical features of architectural history - reminiscent of Pevsner's marvellous Buildings of England series.

Cultivated Power

Download Cultivated Power PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812204069
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cultivated Power by : Elizabeth Hyde

Download or read book Cultivated Power written by Elizabeth Hyde and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2005-03-07 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cultivated Power explores the collection, cultivation, and display of flowers in early modern France at the historical moment when flowering plants, many of which were becoming known in Europe for the first time, piqued the curiosity of European gardeners and botanists, merchants and ministers, dukes and kings. Elizabeth Hyde reveals how flowers became uniquely capable of revealing the curiosity, reason, and taste of those elite men who engaged in their cultivation. The cultural and increasingly political value of such qualities was not lost on royal panegyrists, who seized upon the new meanings of flowers in celebrating the glory of Louis XIV. Using previously unexplored archival sources, Hyde recovers the extent of floral plantations in the gardens of Versailles and the sophisticated system of nurseries created to fulfill the demands of the king's gardeners. She further examines how the successful cultivation of those flowers made it possible for Louis XIV to demonstrate that his reign was a golden era surpassing even that of antiquity. Cultivated Power expands our knowledge of flowers in European history beyond the Dutch tulip mania, and restores our understanding of the importance of flowers in the French classical garden. The book also develops a fuller perspective on the roles of gender, rank, and material goods in the age of the baroque. Using flowers to analyze the movement of culture in early modern society, Cultivated Power ultimately highlights the influence of curious florists on the taste of the king, and the extension of the cultural into the realm of the political.

Versailles

Download Versailles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penn State University Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Versailles by : Robert W. Berger

Download or read book Versailles written by Robert W. Berger and published by Penn State University Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the author writes, "Versailles is the most famous palace in the world. Its name evokes, more than that of any other monument, the political institution of absolute monarchy and the aesthetic qualities of vast scale and bombastic display--features which are often evident in Baroque art." In 1668 Louis XIV decided to enlarge Versailles by preserving his father's building, the Petit Chateau, and by enclosing it in a new structure, the Envelope. This decision, and the history of indecision that went before and after it, are prominent themes in this book about the new Chateau of Louis XIV and its most important interior spaces. Architect of the Eveloppe Louis Le Vau departed from his usual Italian Baroque sources to draw upon Italian High Renaissance models for the first (and last) time in his career. Inside, the Escalier des Ambassadeurs was designed by Francois d'Orbay, who drew upon a slightly earlier project for a Louvre stair by Claude Perrault. The history of the frescoes in d'Orbay's staircase proves that decorative schemes at Versailles were especially susceptible to bearing imagery directly alluding to or representing contemporary events. Chapters on the Planetary Room and the Galerie des Glaces, then, continue the discussions of decorative themes and the pull between tradition and innovation in design. The palace at Versailles has been the subject of an abundance of published documents and modern art-historical studies; however, the investigator will discover that numerous art-historical problems are unresolved and there are new and fruitful questions to be posed. The author offers new solutions to old problems, explores new questions, and discusses artistic forms within a broader art-historical context than is encountered in past treatments. Though modern scholarship on Versailles has been strengthened by important studies by Alfred Marie, Fiske Kimball, and other who have drawn on both primary published sources and unpublished documents, Professor Berger has discovered that published sources of the late 17th century and the 18th century provide rich material that has as yet been underutilized.

King of the World

Download King of the World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022669092X
Total Pages : 669 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis King of the World by : Philip Mansel

Download or read book King of the World written by Philip Mansel and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Louis XIV was a man in pursuit of glory. Not content to be the ruler of a world power, he wanted the power to rule the world. And, for a time, he came tantalizingly close. Philip Mansel’s King of the World is the most comprehensive and up-to-date biography in English of this hypnotic, flawed figure who continues to captivate our attention. This lively work takes Louis outside Versailles and shows the true extent of his global ambitions, with stops in London, Madrid, Constantinople, Bangkok, and beyond. We witness the importance of his alliance with the Spanish crown and his success in securing Spain for his descendants, his enmity with England, and his relations with the rest of Europe, as well as Asia, Africa, and the Americas. We also see the king’s effect on the two great global diasporas of Huguenots and Jacobites, and their influence on him as he failed in his brutal attempts to stop Protestants from leaving France. Along the way, we are enveloped in the splendor of Louis’s court and the fascinating cast of characters who prostrated and plotted within it. King of the World is exceptionally researched, drawing on international archives and incorporating sources who knew the king intimately, including the newly released correspondence of Louis’s second wife, Madame de Maintenon. Mansel’s narrative flair is a perfect match for this grand figure, and he brings the Sun King’s world to vivid life. This is a global biography of a global king, whose power was extensive but also limited by laws and circumstances, and whose interests and ambitions stretched far beyond his homeland. Through it all, we watch Louis XIV progressively turn from a dazzling, attractive young king to a belligerent reactionary who sets France on the path to 1789. It is a convincing and compelling portrait of a man who, three hundred years after his death, still epitomizes the idea of le grand monarque.

King Louie's Shoes

Download King Louie's Shoes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1481426575
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (814 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis King Louie's Shoes by : D.J. Steinberg

Download or read book King Louie's Shoes written by D.J. Steinberg and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Young readers will learn the hilarious true story of King Louis XIV of France and his famous high-heeled shoes in this picture book that includes 14 historical facts about the king at the end. Full color.

Seventeenth-Century French Ceramic Art

Download Seventeenth-Century French Ceramic Art PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Metropolitan Museum of Art
ISBN 13 : 0870994905
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (79 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Seventeenth-Century French Ceramic Art by : Jessie McNab

Download or read book Seventeenth-Century French Ceramic Art written by Jessie McNab and published by Metropolitan Museum of Art. This book was released on 1987 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Reign of Louis XIV

Download The Reign of Louis XIV PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Reign of Louis XIV by : Paul Sonnino

Download or read book The Reign of Louis XIV written by Paul Sonnino and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Lost Providence

Download Lost Providence PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Arcadia Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1467137243
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (671 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Lost Providence by : David Brussat

Download or read book Lost Providence written by David Brussat and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2017 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dave Brussat has made a significant contribution to the history of Providence. For those interested in that history, Lost Providence is a real find. Providence Journal Providence has one of the nation's most intact historic downtowns and is one of America's most beautiful cities. The history of architectural change in the city is one of lost buildings, urban renewal plans and challenges to preservation. The Narragansett Hotel, a lost city icon, hosted many famous guests and was demolished in 1960. The American classical renaissance expressed itself in the Providence National Bank, tragically demolished in 2005. Urban renewal plans such as the Downtown Providence plan and the College Hill plan threatened the city in the mid-twentieth century. Providence eventually embraced its heritage through plans like the River Relocation Project that revitalized the city's waterfront and the Downcity Plan that revitalized its downtown. Author David Brussat chronicles the trials and triumphs of Providence's urban development.

European Porcelain in The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Download European Porcelain in The Metropolitan Museum of Art PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Metropolitan Museum of Art
ISBN 13 : 1588396436
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (883 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis European Porcelain in The Metropolitan Museum of Art by : Jeffrey Munger

Download or read book European Porcelain in The Metropolitan Museum of Art written by Jeffrey Munger and published by Metropolitan Museum of Art. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Porcelain imported from China was the most highly coveted new medium in sixteenth- and early seventeenth-­century Europe. Its pure white color, translucency, and durability, as well as the delicacy of decoration, were impossible to achieve in European earthenware and stoneware. In response, European ceramic factories set out to discover the process of producing porcelain in the Chinese manner, with significant artistic, technical, and commercial ramifications for Britain and the Continent. Indeed, not only artisans, but kings, noble patrons, and entrepreneurs all joined in the quest, hoping to gain both prestige and profit from the enterprises they established. This beautifully illustrated volume showcases ninety works that span the late sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century and reflect the major currents of European porcelain production. Each work is illustrated with glorious new photography, accompanied by analysis and interpretation by one of the leading experts in European decorative arts. Among the wide range of porcelains selected are rare blue-and-white wares and figures from Italy, superb examples from the Meissen factory in Germany and the Sèvres factory in France, and ceramics produced by leading British eighteenth-century artisans. Taken together, they reveal why the Metropolitan Museum’s holdings in this field are among the finest in the world. p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 14.0px Verdana}