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Loss Of Learning And The Post Covid Recovery In Low Income Countries
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Book Synopsis Loss-of-Learning and the Post-Covid Recovery in Low-Income Countries by : Mr. Edward F Buffie
Download or read book Loss-of-Learning and the Post-Covid Recovery in Low-Income Countries written by Mr. Edward F Buffie and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-02-04 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the medium-term macroeconomic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and associated lock-down measures on low-income countries. We focus on the impact over the medium-run of the degradation of health and human capital caused by the pandemic and its aftermath, exploring the trade-offs between rebuilding human capital and the recovery of livelihoods and macroeconomic sustainability. A dynamic general equilibrium model is calibrated to reflect the structural characteristics of vulnerable low-income countries and to replicate key dimensions of the Covid-19 shock. We show that absent significant and sustained external financing, the persistence of loss-of-learning effects on labor productivity is likely to make the post-Covid recovery more attenuated and more expensive than many contemporary analyses suggest.
Book Synopsis The State of the Global Education Crisis by : UNESCO
Download or read book The State of the Global Education Crisis written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The global disruption to education caused by the COVD-19 pandemic is without parallel and the effects on learning are severe. The crisis brought education systems across the world to a halt, with school closures affecting more than 1.6 billion learners. While nearly every country in the world offered remote learning opportunities for students, the quality and reach of such initiatives varied greatly and were at best partial substitutes for in-person learning. Now, 21 months later, schools remain closed for millions of children and youth, and millions more are at risk of never returning to education. Evidence of the detrimental impacts of school closures on children's learning offer a harrowing reality: learning losses are substantial, with the most marginalized children and youth often disproportionately affected. Countries have an opportunity to accelerate learning recovery and make schools more efficient, equitable, and resilient by building on investments made and lessons learned during the crisis. Now is the time to shift from crisis to recovery - and beyond recovery, to resilient and transformative education systems that truly deliver learning and well-being for all children and youth."--The World Bank website.
Book Synopsis Primary and Secondary Education During Covid-19 by : Fernando M. Reimers
Download or read book Primary and Secondary Education During Covid-19 written by Fernando M. Reimers and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access edited volume is a comparative effort to discern the short-term educational impact of the covid-19 pandemic on students, teachers and systems in Brazil, Chile, Finland, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Singapore, Spain, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. One of the first academic comparative studies of the educational impact of the pandemic, the book explains how the interruption of in person instruction and the variable efficacy of alternative forms of education caused learning loss and disengagement with learning, especially for disadvantaged students. Other direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic diminished the ability of families to support children and youth in their education. For students, as well as for teachers and school staff, these included the economic shocks experienced by families, in some cases leading to food insecurity and in many more causing stress and anxiety and impacting mental health. Opportunity to learn was also diminished by the shocks and trauma experienced by those with a close relative infected by the virus, and by the constrains on learning resulting from students having to learn at home, where the demands of schoolwork had to be negotiated with other family necessities, often sharing limited space. Furthermore, the prolonged stress caused by the uncertainty over the resolution of the pandemic and resulting from the knowledge that anyone could be infected and potentially lose their lives, created a traumatic context for many that undermined the necessary focus and dedication to schoolwork. These individual effects were reinforced by community effects, particularly for students and teachers living in communities where the multifaceted negative impacts resulting from the pandemic were pervasive. This is an open access book.
Book Synopsis From Learning Recovery to Education Transformation Insights and Reflections from the 4th Survey of National Education Responses to COVID-19 School Closures by : OECD
Download or read book From Learning Recovery to Education Transformation Insights and Reflections from the 4th Survey of National Education Responses to COVID-19 School Closures written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2022-09-15 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conducted jointly with UNESCO, UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), UNICEF and the World Bank, the fourth round of the Survey on National Education Responses to COVID-19 School Closures took place in April–July 2022. With responses from Ministries of Education in 93 countries, findings show education systems’ concerted effort to reach out to students and bring them back to school; the reinforcing of digitalised modes of learning; dialogue with families on the quality and cost-benefits of education; and long-term investments in the resilience of education systems.
Book Synopsis COVID-19 and International Development by : Elissaios Papyrakis
Download or read book COVID-19 and International Development written by Elissaios Papyrakis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-13 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current coronavirus pandemic fundamentally reshapes existing debates and processes in international development. The unprecedented (and rapidly evolving) crisis is generating a number of substantial challenges for developing economies. Governments in low-income nations often find it extremely hard to cope with the increased demand for health services, make prompt decisions and put them into action, protect vulnerable segments of society and offer immediate relief to affected economic sectors. This book provides a series of reflective chapters that demonstrate how several areas of international development have been severely affected by the Covid-19 outbreak. It provides an in-depth critical discussion on how the current pandemic influences several development outcomes (in the domains of poverty/inequality, health, education, migration, formal/informal employment, (de)globalisation, the extractive sector, climate change, water and the global financial system). Each chapter draws policy recommendations on relevant interventions that can alleviate the identified negative repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic, especially for the most vulnerable communities in the Global South.
Book Synopsis COVID-19 Learning Losses by : UNESCO
Download or read book COVID-19 Learning Losses written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-08 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the beginning of the pandemic, efforts have been made to monitor both school closures (and re-opening) and the measures put in place to ensure continuity of learning. These include the Survey of Ministries of Education on National Responses to COVID-19, jointly supported by UNESCO, UNICEF and the World Bank. However, to date, no systematic evidence has been available on how students' learning is being affected by the disruptions caused by the pandemic or on the impact of education response measures initiated by governments. This report contributes to filling this evidence gap and includes a series of simulations of potential learning losses due to COVID-19 and exploration of their longer-term implications. The analysis is based on the Enabling learning for all framework, which outlines access, engagement and enabling environment as the three crucial enablers for learning, while the simulation assumptions are informed by the evidence on school closures and governments' education-related responses, collected through the joint survey.
Book Synopsis Collapse and Recovery by : Norbert Schady
Download or read book Collapse and Recovery written by Norbert Schady and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2023-03-16 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has been an enormous shock to mortality, economies, and daily life. But what has received insufficient attention is the impact of the pandemic on the accumulation of human capital—the health, education, and skills—of young people. How large was the setback, and how far are we still from a recovery? Collapse and Recovery estimates the impacts of the pandemic on the human capital of young children, school-age children, and youth and discusses the urgent actions needed to reverse the damage. It shows that there was a collapse of human capital and that, unless that collapse is remedied, it is a time bomb for countries. Specifically, the report documents alarming declines in cognitive and social-emotional development among young children, which could translate into a 25 percent reduction in their earnings as adults. It finds that 1 billion children in low- and middle-income countries missed at least one year of in-person schooling. And despite enormous efforts in remote learning, children did not learn during the unprecedentedly long school closures, which could reduce future lifetime earnings around the world by US$21 trillion. The report quantifies the dramatic drops in employment and skills among youth that resulted from the pandemic as well as the substantial increase in the number of youth neither employed nor enrolled in education or training. In all of these age groups, the impacts of the pandemic were consistently worse for children from poorer backgrounds. These losses call for immediate action. The good news is that evidence-based policies can recover these losses. Collapse and Recovery reviews governments’ responses to the pandemic, assessing why there was a collapse in human capital accumulation, what was missing in the policy architecture to protect human capital during the crisis, and how governments can better prepare to withstand future shocks. It offers concrete policy recommendations to recover losses in human capital—programs that will end up paying for themselves in the long term. To better prepare for future shocks such as climate change and wars, the report emphasizes the need for solutions that bring health, education, and social protection programs together in an integrated human development system. If countries fail to act, the losses in human capital documented in this report will become permanent and last for multiple generations. The time to act is now.
Book Synopsis Macroeconomic Developments and Prospects in Low-Income Countries - 2022 by : International Monetary
Download or read book Macroeconomic Developments and Prospects in Low-Income Countries - 2022 written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-12-08 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Russia’s war in Ukraine and the related fallout have created a challenging external environment for the post-pandemic recovery of low-income countries (LICs). Food and commodity prices linger at elevated level with worsening food security. Global financial conditions tighten as major economies are fighting against inflation. The delay in LICs’ income per capita convergence to that of advanced economies (AEs) is expected to last into the medium term.
Book Synopsis Post Covid 19 Learning Recovery by : S. Veena
Download or read book Post Covid 19 Learning Recovery written by S. Veena and published by Shanlax Publications. This book was released on with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covid-19 has impacted and changed the education sector to a different level. Due to the widespread effects of COVID-19, schools and other educational institutions had to close. In an effort to lessen the effects of COVID-19, the majority of governments first chose to temporarily close schools.Children's learning has suffered as a result of the pandemic's prolonged school closures. In this way, a whole school year has passed with little to no curriculum learning in the present class. However, this is merely one type of learning loss. The pervasive problem of pupils "forgetting" what they learned in a previous session is equally concerning because it represents a setback in their academic learning. This involves losing fundamental skills that are the cornerstone of additional learning, such reading comprehension and addition and multiplication, which they had previously mastered. Systemic, diverse, and well-coordinated activities are necessary for learning recovery. In addition to focusing on teacher capacity and support and disseminating ideas that all instructors can apply, the strategy needs to be comprehensive and long-term. For learning recovery to be effective, equitable, and long-lasting, it must also be transformational. The foundation of curriculum reform is meaningful learning and teaching, coupled with an awareness of the system's capacity to implement the reform stages as effectively as possible. Curriculum reform is not a stand-alone process. Whether it's a learner-centered, spiral, technology-centered, or curriculum for the twenty-first century, any curriculum that adheres to pedagogy is appreciated. It is vital to plan and organise the shift so that it incorporates the core topics of reading and numeracy and also establishes a connection between the learner and his or her surroundings and culture. By putting such strategies into practice, the failure factors of curricular reform will be slowed down. The idea that the present is the best predictor of the future will help support groups choose and create a curriculum that equips kids to deal with the fallout from challenging circumstances such as the pandemic and others of a similar nature. Long-term gains in children's learning, however, depend on pre-service teachers' education being of higher quality. Children's learning may be enhanced by strengthening the ICT environment for instruction, but only if teachers' ICT competencies are also improved. To connect the learning of children with the professional development of teachers, more study is required. Students' learning may benefit from increased teacher motivation brought about by certification programmes, pay structure modifications, improved school leadership, and more transparent evaluation procedures. As a result, the book covers a wide range of important subjects pertaining to education in the post-pandemic era, such as how to establish a strong rapport between students and teachers, systemic interventions that reframe teachers' roles as "edupreneurs," the effects of digital technology on the teaching-learning process, techniques for filling in knowledge gaps in curricula, pedagogy, and assessments, and safeguards for private school sustainability. All those with an interest in the post-pandemic recovery of schools, with a focus on creating a fair, inclusive, and comprehensive national education system, may find the book to be a useful resource.
Book Synopsis Revisiting Covid Scarring in Emerging Markets by : Chris Jackson
Download or read book Revisiting Covid Scarring in Emerging Markets written by Chris Jackson and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-08-04 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Covid-19 pandemic is expected to result in large and persistent losses in economic output, known as scarring. These losses were expected to be more severe in Emerging Markets than in Advanced Economies. This paper examines the impact of Covid on output in Emerging Markets so far and its implications for projections of economic scarring. While Covid has had a material impact on activity, the recovery has been stronger than initially expected. We find that these positive data surprises have over time been treated increasingly as transitory rather than a signal for the state of scarring. Second, we show that the composition of output losses has been qualitatively different from past last shocks. History suggests that the main driver of scarring is weak productivity. Covid losses, however, have so far been more skewed to employment with a smaller than usual impact on productivity. We argue that these findings suggest that scarring, while substantial, may be ultimately less severe than initially feared, at least over the medium term. We provide alternative sets of medium-term projections to indicate potential magnitudes.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309455405 Total Pages :529 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Promoting the Educational Success of Children and Youth Learning English by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Promoting the Educational Success of Children and Youth Learning English written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-08-25 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Educating dual language learners (DLLs) and English learners (ELs) effectively is a national challenge with consequences both for individuals and for American society. Despite their linguistic, cognitive, and social potential, many ELsâ€"who account for more than 9 percent of enrollment in grades K-12 in U.S. schoolsâ€"are struggling to meet the requirements for academic success, and their prospects for success in postsecondary education and in the workforce are jeopardized as a result. Promoting the Educational Success of Children and Youth Learning English: Promising Futures examines how evidence based on research relevant to the development of DLLs/ELs from birth to age 21 can inform education and health policies and related practices that can result in better educational outcomes. This report makes recommendations for policy, practice, and research and data collection focused on addressing the challenges in caring for and educating DLLs/ELs from birth to grade 12.
Book Synopsis World Development Report 2018 by : World Bank Group
Download or read book World Development Report 2018 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year, the World Bank’s World Development Report (WDR) features a topic of central importance to global development. The 2018 WDR—LEARNING to Realize Education’s Promise—is the first ever devoted entirely to education. And the time is right: education has long been critical to human welfare, but it is even more so in a time of rapid economic and social change. The best way to equip children and youth for the future is to make their learning the center of all efforts to promote education. The 2018 WDR explores four main themes: First, education’s promise: education is a powerful instrument for eradicating poverty and promoting shared prosperity, but fulfilling its potential requires better policies—both within and outside the education system. Second, the need to shine a light on learning: despite gains in access to education, recent learning assessments reveal that many young people around the world, especially those who are poor or marginalized, are leaving school unequipped with even the foundational skills they need for life. At the same time, internationally comparable learning assessments show that skills in many middle-income countries lag far behind what those countries aspire to. And too often these shortcomings are hidden—so as a first step to tackling this learning crisis, it is essential to shine a light on it by assessing student learning better. Third, how to make schools work for all learners: research on areas such as brain science, pedagogical innovations, and school management has identified interventions that promote learning by ensuring that learners are prepared, teachers are both skilled and motivated, and other inputs support the teacher-learner relationship. Fourth, how to make systems work for learning: achieving learning throughout an education system requires more than just scaling up effective interventions. Countries must also overcome technical and political barriers by deploying salient metrics for mobilizing actors and tracking progress, building coalitions for learning, and taking an adaptive approach to reform.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Policy and Development by : Vitor Gaspar
Download or read book Fiscal Policy and Development written by Vitor Gaspar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-01-23 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this paper is to estimate the additional annual spending required for meaningful progress on the SDGs in these areas. Our estimates refer to additional spending in 2030, relative to a baseline of current spending to GDP in these sectors. Toward this end, we apply an innovative costing methodology to a sample of 155 countries: 49 low- income developing countries, 72 emerging market economies, and 34 advanced economies. And we refine the analysis with five country studies: Rwanda, Benin, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Guatemala.
Book Synopsis Broader, Bolder, Better by : Elaine Weiss
Download or read book Broader, Bolder, Better written by Elaine Weiss and published by Harvard Education Press. This book was released on 2021-02-23 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Broader, Bolder, Better, authors Elaine Weiss, of the Broader, Bolder Approach to Education campaign, and Paul Reville, former Massachusetts secretary of education, make a compelling case for a fundamental change in the way we view education. The authors argue for a large-scale expansion of community-school partnerships in order to provide holistic, integrated student supports (ISS) from cradle to career, including traditional wraparound services like health, mental health, nutrition, and family supports, as well as expanded access to opportunities such as early childhood education, afterschool activities, and summer enrichment programs. The book builds on nearly a decade of research by the Broader, Bolder Approach to Education, a national initiative endorsed by more than sixty policy experts and leaders from across the country, and draws on the work of Harvard’s Education Redesign Lab. It pulls from case studies of effective ISS efforts in twelve diverse communities to illustrate the variety of strategies that can be adopted locally. A call to action that also provides examples of communities that are successfully leveling the playing field for poor children, this book offers a detailed vision for building—through field work, mobilization, and financing—comprehensive systems to prepare all children for success.
Book Synopsis The Impact of School Infrastructure on Learning by : Peter Barrett
Download or read book The Impact of School Infrastructure on Learning written by Peter Barrett and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-02-04 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The Impact of School Infrastructure on Learning: A Synthesis of the Evidence provides an excellent literature review of the resources that explore the areas of focus for improved student learning, particularly the aspiration for “accessible, well-built, child-centered, synergetic and fully realized learning environments.†? Written in a style which is both clear and accessible, it is a practical reference for senior government officials and professionals involved in the planning and design of educational facilities, as well as for educators and school leaders. --Yuri Belfali, Head of Division, Early Childhood and Schools, OECD Directorate for Education and Skills This is an important and welcome addition to the surprisingly small, evidence base on the impacts of school infrastructure given the capital investment involved. It will provide policy makers, practitioners, and those who are about to commission a new build with an important and comprehensive point of reference. The emphasis on safe and healthy spaces for teaching and learning is particularly welcome. --Harry Daniels, Professor of Education, Department of Education, Oxford University, UK This report offers a useful library of recent research to support the, connection between facility quality and student outcomes. At the same time, it also points to the unmet need for research to provide verifiable and reliable information on this connection. With such evidence, decisionmakers will be better positioned to accurately balance the allocation of limited resources among the multiple competing dimensions of school policy, including the construction and maintenance of the school facility. --David Lever, K-12 Facility Planner, Former Executive Director of the Interagency Committee on School Construction, Maryland Many planners and designers are seeking a succinct body of research defining both the issues surrounding the global planning of facilities as well as the educational outcomes based on the quality of the space provided. The authors have finally brought that body of evidence together in this well-structured report. The case for better educational facilities is clearly defined and resources are succinctly identified to stimulate the dialogue to come. We should all join this conversation to further the process of globally enhancing learning-environment quality! --David Schrader, AIA, Educational Facility Planner and Designer, Former Chairman of the Board of Directors, Association for Learning Environments (A4LE)
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis absenteeism and beyond: instructional time loss and consequences by : Helen Abadzi
Download or read book absenteeism and beyond: instructional time loss and consequences written by Helen Abadzi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Studies have shown that learning outcomes are related to the amount of time students engage in learning tasks. However, visits to schools have revealed that students are often taught for only a fraction of the intended time, particularly in lower-income countries. Losses are due to informal school closures, teacher absenteeism, delays, early departures, and sub-optimal use of time in the classroom. A study was undertaken to develop an efficient methodology for measuring instructional time loss. Thus, instructional time use was measured in sampled schools in Tunisia, Morocco, Ghana, and the Brazilian state of Pernambuco. The percentage of time that students were engaged in learning vis-à-vis government expectations was approximately 39 percent in Ghana, 63 percent in Pernambuco, 71 percent in Morocco, and 78 percent in Tunisia. Instructional time use is a mediator variable that is challenging to measure, so it often escapes scrutiny. Research suggests that merely financing the ingredients of instruction is not enough to produce learning outcomes; students must also get sufficient time to process the information. The quantity-quality tradeoff that often accompanies large-scale enrollments may be partly due to instructional time restrictions. Time wastage also distorts budgetary outlays and teacher salary rates. To achieve the Millennium Development Goals students must get more of the time that governments, donors, and parents pay for.
