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Long Term Mine Planning In Presence Of Grade Uncertainty
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Book Synopsis Long-term Mine Planning in Presence of Grade Uncertainty by : Behrang Koushavand
Download or read book Long-term Mine Planning in Presence of Grade Uncertainty written by Behrang Koushavand and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Open-pit mining is widely used to extract natural resources. Low cut-off grades and large operations can make open-pit mining profitable. An important challenge is to determine the optimum production schedule. Usually the goal is to maximize the net present value of the project while delivering ore to the plant at full capacity. The best production plan would require complete knowledge of the orebody and all other engineering and economic parameters. An estimated block model is often used to determine the production schedule. Uncertainty is inevitable with widely spaced drill holes. The open-pit production schedule based on estimated models may be suboptimal and affected dramatically by grade uncertainty. The research documented herein develops, implements and verifies four mixed integer optimization frameworks for long-term production scheduling in the presence of grade uncertainty. The main contributions of this research are (1) consideration of cost of grade uncertainty to influence the production plan, (2) accounting for the linear and nonlinear effects of the grade uncertainty on the long-term mine planning, (3) development of a mixed integer linear programming model that maximizes NPV and minimizes the cost of the grade uncertainty by considering a stockpile, and finally (4) implementation of a quadratic optimization model accounts for grade uncertainty in the long-term production plan.
Book Synopsis Advances in Applied Strategic Mine Planning by : Roussos Dimitrakopoulos
Download or read book Advances in Applied Strategic Mine Planning written by Roussos Dimitrakopoulos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-17 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a collection of papers on topics in the field of strategic mine planning, including orebody modeling, mine-planning optimization and the optimization of mining complexes. Elaborating on the state of the art in the field, it describes the latest technologies and related research as well as the applications of a range of related technologies in diverse industrial contexts.
Book Synopsis The Optimization of Mine Planning Aspects Under Uncertainty by : Rein Dirkx
Download or read book The Optimization of Mine Planning Aspects Under Uncertainty written by Rein Dirkx and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mining operations typically face critical operational decisions based on uncertain information. This uncertainty is inherent to the mining process and cannot be overcome, as materials have to be extracted from underground, which can never be fully explored. This thesis addresses two pertinent aspects of many mining operations while directly incorporating this inherent uncertainty into the optimization. The uncertainty is used to our advantage by minimizing the resulting downside risk while maximizing the upside potential. The first aspect, addressed in Chapter 2, is the optimization of infill drilling schemes, a decision faced by every single mining operation on various scales. The second aspect, addressed in Chapter 3, focuses on the stochastic optimization of a production schedule of a block caving operation, a popular mass mining alternative to open pit mines. The optimization of infill drilling is based on a multi-armed bandit (MAB) framework. The novelty of this approach is the application of an advanced machine learning method like MAB to find an elegant solution to the infill drilling problem. The method is applied to a case study of a gold mining complex. The main issue in this mining complex is the uncertainty in their long-term, multi-element stockpiles on which the infill drilling optimization is performed. Stockpiles are often very variable, but their uncertainty can be quantified using conventional stochastic orebody modelling. Although the infill drilling optimization is applied to a stockpile, the proposed method is more general and can be applied to any deposit. The approach proposed in Chapter 3 is the first stochastic optimization approach for scheduling a block cave mine that explicitly includes grade and hang-up uncertainty into the optimization. Hang-up uncertainty is defined as the uncertainty related to ore that clogs the draw points due to aberrant fracturing. The grade uncertainty is incorporated via stochastic orebody simulations, similar to what has been employed for open pit operations in the past, while hang-up uncertainty, the main contribution of this work, is incorporated by tracking and minimizing the delays caused by hang-ups over multiple scenarios. The results of the case study show a reduction of the annual overtime incurred due to delays of 95 % when the hang-up uncertainty is included in the optimization compared to when hang-ups are ignored." --
Book Synopsis Ore Reserve Estimation and Strategic Mine Planning by : Roussos Dimitrakopoulos
Download or read book Ore Reserve Estimation and Strategic Mine Planning written by Roussos Dimitrakopoulos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-15 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mining business faces continual risks in producing metals and raw materials under fluctuating market demand. At the same time, the greatest uncertainty driving the risk and profitability of mining investments is the geological variability of mineral deposits. This supply uncertainty affects the prediction of economic value from the initial valuation of a mining project through mine planning, design and production scheduling. This book is the first of its kind, presenting state-of-the-art stochastic simulation and optimization techniques and step-by-step case studies. Quantification of geological uncertainty through new efficient conditional simulation techniques for large deposits, integration of uncertainty to stochastic optimization formulations for design and production scheduling and the concurrent management of risk are shown to create flexibility, options and oportunities, increase asset value, cashflows and return on investment. New approaches introduced include resource/reserve risk quantification, cost-effective drilling programs, pit design and long-term production scheduling optimization with simulated orebodies, ore reserve classification, geologic risk discounting, waste managing and demand driven scheduling, risk assessment in meeting project production schedules ahead of mining, risk based optimal stope design, options valuation when mining. Applications include commodities such as gold, copper, nickel, iron ore, coal and diamonds.
Book Synopsis The Stochastic Optimization of Long and Short-term Mine Production Schedules Incorporating Uncertainty in Geology and Equipment Performance by : Matthew Quigley
Download or read book The Stochastic Optimization of Long and Short-term Mine Production Schedules Incorporating Uncertainty in Geology and Equipment Performance written by Matthew Quigley and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mine production scheduling consists of defining the extraction sequence and process allocation of mineralized material over some length of time. These decisions can be made at different time steps, which will entail varying objectives subject to different technical and operational constraints. Long-term mine production scheduling usually takes place at an annual scale for the entire life of mine and aims to maximize the net present value of the project while satisfying the mining and processing capacities. Short-term mine production scheduling consists of developing an extraction sequence on a shorter time scale, either months, weeks, or days. The goal is typically to maximize compliance with the production targets imposed by the long-term plan while considering more detailed operational constraints. Historically, these optimization frameworks have relied on the assumption of perfect knowledge of highly uncertain inputs. Developments in the field of stochastic mine planning have shown that incorporating uncertainty into the optimization of mine production schedules can add significant economic value while also minimizing the risk of deviating from production targets. This thesis will explore the benefits that stochastic mine planning can offer when applied to both long and short-term production scheduling problems.For the first exercise, the long-term mine production schedule of a rare earth element (REE) project is generated under geological uncertainty using a stochastic optimization framework. The uncertainty in REE grades is modelled using an efficient joint-simulation technique to preserve the strong cross-element relationships. The proposed approach avoids the use of the conventional total rare earth oxide grade. The stochastic long-term schedule is benchmarked against a deterministic schedule generated using an industry standard optimizer. The stochastic solution generates a 20% increase in expected NPV, ensures better utilization of the processing plant, and delivers a superior ore feed in terms of satisfying mineral and REE blending targets.For the second exercise, a formulation is proposed that simultaneously optimizes the short-term equipment plan and production schedule under both geological and equipment performance uncertainty. The proposed approach rectifies certain limitations of previous work in stochastic short-term planning by: incorporating a location-dependant shovel movement optimization; generating more realistic equipment performance scenarios; developing a new approach to facilitate more practical mine designs; and proposing model improvements to allow for a more efficient optimization of very large problem instances. The model is applied to a large copper mining complex and is compared to a more traditional approach, where the same formulation is implemented using averaged inputs for geology and equipment performance. The stochastic solution is more effective in mitigating the risk of deviating from tonnage targets at each processing destination, and the integration of equipment performance variability allows the stochastic optimizer to generate a block extraction sequence that is far more likely to be achieved." --
Book Synopsis Mining goes Digital by : Christoph Mueller
Download or read book Mining goes Digital written by Christoph Mueller and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-05-22 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conferences on ‘Applications for Computers and Operations Research in the Minerals Industry’ (APCOM) initially focused on the optimization of geostatistics and resource estimation. Several standard methods used in these fields were presented in the early days of APCOM. While geostatistics remains an important part, information technology has emerged, and nowadays APCOM not only focuses on geostatistics and resource estimation, but has broadened its horizon to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the mineral industry. Mining Goes Digital is a collection of 90 high quality, peer reviewed papers covering recent ICT-related developments in: - Geostatistics and Resource Estimation - Mine Planning - Scheduling and Dispatch - Mine Safety and Mine Operation - Internet of Things, Robotics - Emerging Technologies - Synergies from other industries - General aspects of Digital Transformation in Mining Mining Goes Digital will be of interest to professionals and academics involved or interested in the above-mentioned areas.
Book Synopsis A Mine Production-scheduling Model and Critical Path Analysis of Mine Development Work for Long-range Mine Planning by : Adrian J. Mathias
Download or read book A Mine Production-scheduling Model and Critical Path Analysis of Mine Development Work for Long-range Mine Planning written by Adrian J. Mathias and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection - MPES 2019 by : Erkan Topal
Download or read book Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection - MPES 2019 written by Erkan Topal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-29 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference proceedings presents the research papers in the field of mine planning and mining equipment including themes such as mine automation, rock mechanics, drilling, blasting, tunnelling and excavation engineering. The papers presents the recent advancement and the application of a range of technologies in the field of mining industry. It is of interest to the professionals who practice in mineral industry including but not limited to engineers, consultants, managers, academics, scientist, and government staff.
Book Synopsis Mine Planning and Equipment Selection by : Carsten Drebenstedt
Download or read book Mine Planning and Equipment Selection written by Carsten Drebenstedt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-16 with total page 1464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume includes all papers presented at the 22nd International Conference on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection (MPES), Dresden, Germany, 2013. Mineral Resources are needed for almost all processes of modern life, whilst the mining industry is facing strict requirements regarding efficiency and sustainability. The research papers in this volume deal with the latest developments and research results in the fields of mining, machinery, automatization and environment protection.
Book Synopsis Mining Geostatistics by : A. G. Journel
Download or read book Mining Geostatistics written by A. G. Journel and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1978, this complete reference work on mining geostatistics attempts to synthesize the practical experience gained by researchers from the Centre de Morphologie Mathematique in France and by mining engineers and geologists all over the world who contributed their ideas. (Technology & Industrial)
Book Synopsis Novel Optimization Models for Surface and Underground Mine Planning by : Yuksel Asli Sari
Download or read book Novel Optimization Models for Surface and Underground Mine Planning written by Yuksel Asli Sari and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mine planning and optimization affect efficiency, profitability and productivity of operations significantly. Low commodity prices, high resource degredation maintenance costs and high fixed infrastructure costs necessitate the use of optimal decision making tools for mining companies to make profit. All mines have different characteristics and planning phases. In this research, different optimization problems that suit various mining techniques and planning stages are studied. In essential, there are two types of mining: surface mining and underground mining. Surface mining operations are generally long-term because overburden must be removed to access the profitable orebody. This requires strategic long-term planning at the feasibility stage. The first publication in the scope of this research focuses on long-term surface mine planning with environmental considerations. The provided solution optimizes the problem using mixed integer linear programming (MILP). When operation starts and bench sectors are mined on a daily basis, the need for short term planning arises. The second publication addresses the dig-limit optimization problem, which is an important part of short-term planning. With the proposed MILP optimization method, the ore-waste boundaries are delineated with the equipment size constraints. Although underground mining also starts with exploration and resource estimation/simulation stages, the problems that need to be addressed are very different from surface mining techniques and it has its own unique challenges. Special focus is given to the sublevel stoping underground mining technique. Stope optimization is a complex problem, comprised of two sub-problems: stope layout optimization and stope sequencing. MILP formulations of stope layout optimization are impractical because of the large size of the problem. In the third and fourth manuscripts, two different heuristic stope layout optimization algorithms are presented where the former uses a clustering heuristic to identify stopes with high grade concentration and the latter uses a greedy heuristic based on dynamic programming to solve the sub-problems and explore the promising stope combinations. Fifth manuscript tailors the greedy heuristic algorithm to poly-metallic mines with pillars. Both heuristic approaches are shown to be near-optimal through comparing with developed novel MILP formulations case studies in smaller problem instances. When the stope layout is finalized, the sequence can be optimized to yield the optimal project value. In the sixth and final manuscript within the scope of this research, the stope sequencing problem is formulated in MILP. To account for risk emerging from geological uncertainties, chance constrained programming is implemented. This approach maximizes the expected net present value of the operation while minimizing the deviations from the expected value due to ore grade uncertainty. It focuses the search on a unique direction based on the specified desired project risk level." --
Book Synopsis Advanced Analytics in Mining Engineering by : Ali Soofastaei
Download or read book Advanced Analytics in Mining Engineering written by Ali Soofastaei and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-23 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Dr. Soofastaei and his colleagues reveal how all mining managers can effectively deploy advanced analytics in their day-to-day operations- one business decision at a time. Most mining companies have a massive amount of data at their disposal. However, they cannot use the stored data in any meaningful way. The powerful new business tool-advanced analytics enables many mining companies to aggressively leverage their data in key business decisions and processes with impressive results. From statistical analysis to machine learning and artificial intelligence, the authors show how many analytical tools can improve decisions about everything in the mine value chain, from exploration to marketing. Combining the science of advanced analytics with the mining industrial business solutions, introduce the “Advanced Analytics in Mining Engineering Book” as a practical road map and tools for unleashing the potential buried in your company’s data. The book is aimed at providing mining executives, managers, and research and development teams with an understanding of the business value and applicability of different analytic approaches and helping data analytics leads by giving them a business framework in which to assess the value, cost, and risk of potential analytical solutions. In addition, the book will provide the next generation of miners – undergraduate and graduate IT and mining engineering students – with an understanding of data analytics applied to the mining industry. By providing a book with chapters structured in line with the mining value chain, we will provide a clear, enterprise-level view of where and how advanced data analytics can best be applied. This book highlights the potential to interconnect activities in the mining enterprise better. Furthermore, the book explores the opportunities for optimization and increased productivity offered by better interoperability along the mining value chain – in line with the emerging vision of creating a digital mine with much-enhanced capabilities for modeling, simulation, and the use of digital twins – in line with leading “digital” industries.
Book Synopsis Orebody Modelling and Strategic Mine Planning by : Roussos Dimitrakopoulos
Download or read book Orebody Modelling and Strategic Mine Planning written by Roussos Dimitrakopoulos and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mine Planning for Resource Sustainability by : Emmanuel K. Chanda
Download or read book Mine Planning for Resource Sustainability written by Emmanuel K. Chanda and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2023-09-07 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of its kind, this book offers a simple, yet detailed, step-by-step guide on solving traditional and future mine planning problems. It makes a comprehensive contemporary treatment of the needs of practical knowledge in mine planning of students and professionals in the mining industry. Its integration of spreadsheet modelling allows the reader to analyze more meaningful exercises, rather than simply solving traditional assignment type problems.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Optimization of Stope Design and Long-term Underground Mining Production Scheduling for Sublevel Open Stoping Mining Operations by : Matheus Furtado E. Faria
Download or read book Stochastic Optimization of Stope Design and Long-term Underground Mining Production Scheduling for Sublevel Open Stoping Mining Operations written by Matheus Furtado E. Faria and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Underground mine planning defines the design of technically producible economic material volumes and development openings, the sequence of multiple underground activities, and the material destinations within a mineral deposit throughout the mine's life, aiming to maximize the net present value (NPV). Due to the existence of different mining methods and the inherent operational and computational complexities, this planning is commonly performed through a stepwise optimization process in which the stope layout is preliminarily designed. Subsequently, the network of developments interconnecting the production areas is conceived, defining the precedence of underground mining activities. Finally, the strategic underground mine production scheduling is optimized, the only step that accounts for the time value of money. Available optimization methods have been focused separately on each of the planning steps, which do not benefit from the synergies between the planning steps. Additionally, most of the previously mentioned methods are deterministic; that is, they neglect many sources of uncertainty, which has been extensively demonstrated to have a significant impact on the profitability and feasibility of mining operations. Therefore, this thesis proposes stochastic optimization methods for underground mines by employing a sublevel open stoping mining method and ultimately attempts to integrate the mine design and production scheduling into a single optimization framework. The first part of this thesis presents a stochastic optimization method of stope design along with the commonly used sequential underground mine planning framework. A set of geostatistical simulations is used to quantify the variability and uncertainty of grades within the mineral deposit. The proposed method aims to maximize the undiscounted profit while capitalizing on the upside potential in terms of recoverable metal of the generated stope layout. It also accounts for the development costs of potential production levels and stopes. The application of this stochastic approach at an underground gold mine achieved a 40% higher undiscounted profit and 21% recoverable metal when benchmarked against an industry-standard deterministic stope design software tool. The second part of this thesis presents an integrated stochastic optimization of stope design and long-term underground mine production scheduling by integrating time-dependent development costs and production targets. The mathematical model seeks to maximize the NPV from the scheduled stopes, as well as to minimize the shaft, drifts and crosscuts development costs and maintenance costs to keep the levels in operation while managing the risk of failing to meet yearly productions targets. Therefore, an optimal underground mine design is yielded as an output from the optimized production schedule. The method also opens new avenues to account for time-dependent sources of uncertainty that cannot be incorporated into the stope design optimization in the sequential underground mine planning framework. A case study at an underground gold mine demonstrates that the proposed method generates more selective stopes and physically different production levels, which correspond to an 11% higher NPV and a shorter life-of-mine by two years, as compared to the sequential optimization framework"--
Book Synopsis Cut-off Grades and Optimising the Strategic Mine Plan by : Brian Hall
Download or read book Cut-off Grades and Optimising the Strategic Mine Plan written by Brian Hall and published by Spectrum. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth look at an integral part of mining strategy optimisation - cut-off specification.
Book Synopsis Constraint Integer Programming by : Tobias Achterberg
Download or read book Constraint Integer Programming written by Tobias Achterberg and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
