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Location Choices Under Strategic Interactions
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Book Synopsis Location Choices Under Strategic Interactions by : Juan Alcácer
Download or read book Location Choices Under Strategic Interactions written by Juan Alcácer and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The literature on location choices has mostly emphasized the impact of location and firm characteristics. However, most industries with a significant presence of multi-location firms are oligopolistic in nature, which suggests that strategic interaction among firms plays an important role in firms' decision-making processes. This paper explores how strategic interaction among competitors affects firms' geographic expansion across time and markets. Specifically, we build a model in which two firms that differ in their capabilities enter sequentially into two markets with different potentials for profit. The model is solved using game theory under three learning scenarios that capture the ability of a firm to transfer its capabilities across markets: no learning, local learning, and global learning. Three equilibrium strategies arise: accommodate, marginalize, and collocate. We identify how these strategies emerge depending on the tradeoff between the opportunity costs of absence (giving competitors a lead in a market) and the entrenchment benefits (the cost advantage firms develop through learning-by-doing when they enter early). Both the opportunity costs of absence and the entrenchment benefits vary according to initial relative firm capabilities, relative market profitability, and learning rates. Our model offers a comprehensive approach to understanding the drivers of firm location choices by modeling not only the impact of location and firm heterogeneity, but also the strategic interaction among firms.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Models of Establishments Location Choices by : Sabina Buczkowska
Download or read book Quantitative Models of Establishments Location Choices written by Sabina Buczkowska and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is breathing new life into the location choice models of establishments. The need for methodological advances in order to more realistically model the complexity of establishment decision-making processes, such as their optimal location choices, is the key motivation of this thesis. First, location choice models use geo-referenced data, for which choice sets have an explicit spatial component. It is thus critical to understand how to represent spatial aspect in location choice models. The final decision of an establishment seems to be related to the surrounding economic landscape. When accounting for the linkage between neighboring observations, the decision on the spatial weight matrix specification must be made. Yet, researchers overwhelmingly apply the Euclidean metric without realizing its underlying assumptions and its alternatives. This representation has been originally proposed due to scarce data and low computing power, rather than because of its universality. In areas, such as the Paris region, where high congestion or uncrossable physical barriers problems clearly arise, distances purely based on topography may not be the most appropriate for the study of intra-urban location. There are insights to be gained by mindfully reconsidering and measuring distance depending on a problem being analyzed. Rather than locking researchers into a restrictive structure of the weight matrix, this thesis proposes a flexible approach to intimate which distance metric is more likely to correctly account for the nearby markets depending on the sector considered. In addition to the standard Euclidean distance, six alternative metrics are tested: travel times by car (for the peak and off-peak periods) and by public transit, and the corresponding network distances. Second, what makes these location choices particularly interesting and challenging to analyze is that decisions of a particular establishment are interrelated with choices of other players.These thorny problems posed by the interdependence of decisions generally cannot be assumed away, without altering the authenticity of the model of establishment decision making. The conventional approaches to location selection fail by providing only a set of systematic steps for problem-solving without considering strategic interactions between the establishments in the market. One of the goals of the present thesis is to explore how to correctly adapt location choice models to study establishment discrete choices when they are interrelated.Finally, a firm can open a number of units and serve the market from multiple locations. Once again, traditional theory and methods may not be suitable to situations wherein individual establishments, instead of locating independently from each other, form a large orgnization, such as a chain facing a fierce competition from other chains. There is a necessity to incorporate interactions between units within the same and competing firms. In addition, the need to state a clear difference between the daytime and nighttime population has been emphasized. Demand is represented by pedestrian and car flows, the crowd of potential clients passing through the commercial centers, train and subways stations, airports, and highly touristic sites. The Global Survey of Transport (EGT 2010), among others, is of service to reach this objective. More realistically designed location choice models accounting for spatial spillovers, strategic interaction, and with a more appropriate definition of distance and demand can become a powerful and flexible tool to assist in finding a befitting site. An appropriately chosen location in turn can make an implicative difference for the newly-created business. The contents of this thesis provide some useful recommendations for transport analysts, city planners, plan developers, business owners, and shopping center investors.
Book Synopsis Strategic Interaction by : Erving Goffman
Download or read book Strategic Interaction written by Erving Goffman and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 1970 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two essays in this classic work by sociologist Erving Goffman deal with the calculative, gamelike aspects of human interaction. Goffman examines the strategy of words and deeds; he uses the term "strategic interaction" to describe gamelike events in which an individual's situation is fully dependent on the move of one's opponent and in which both players know this and have the wit to use this awareness for advantage. Goffman aims to show that strategic interaction can be isolated analytically from the general study of communication and face-to-face interaction. The first essay addresses expression games, in which a participant spars to discover the value of information given openly or unwittingly by another. The author uses vivid examples from espionage literature and high-level political intrigue to show how people mislead one another in the information game. Both observer and observed create evidence that is false and uncover evidence that is real. In "Strategic Interaction," the book's second essay, action is the central concern, and expression games are secondary. Goffman makes clear that often, when it seems that an opponent sets off a course of action through verbal communication, he really has a finger on your trigger, your chips on the table, or your check in his bank. Communication may reinforce conduct, but in the end, action speaks louder. Those who gamble with their wits, and those who study those who do, will find this analysis important and stimulating.
Book Synopsis Geography, Location, and Strategy by : Juan Alcacer
Download or read book Geography, Location, and Strategy written by Juan Alcacer and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume draws together researchers working in a variety of disciplines in order to explore the many ways that locations matter for firms. The authors draw on newly available data, recently developed theory, and diverse methodology to understand the relationships between firm boundaries, firm activities, and geographic borders.
Book Synopsis Game Theory and Experimental Games by : Andrew M. Colman
Download or read book Game Theory and Experimental Games written by Andrew M. Colman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-06 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Game Theory and Experimental Games: The Study of Strategic Interaction focuses on the development of game theory, taking into consideration empirical research, theoretical formulations, and research procedures involved. The book proceeds with a discussion on the theory of one-person games. The individual decision that a player makes in these kinds of games is noted as influential as to the outcome of these games. This discussion is followed by a presentation of pure coordination games and minimal situation. The ability of players to anticipate the choices of others to achieve a mutually beneficial outcome is emphasized. A favorable social situation is also influential in these kinds of games. The text moves forward by presenting studies on various kinds of competitive games. The research studies presented are coupled with empirical evidence and discussion designed to support the claims that are pointed out. The book also discusses several kinds of approaches in the study of games. Voting as a way to resolve multi-person games is also emphasized, including voting procedures, the preferences of voters, and voting strategies. The book is a valuable source of data for readers and scholars who are interested in the exploration of game theories.
Book Synopsis Behavioral Game Theory by : Colin F. Camerer
Download or read book Behavioral Game Theory written by Colin F. Camerer and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-05 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Game theory, the formalized study of strategy, began in the 1940s by asking how emotionless geniuses should play games, but ignored until recently how average people with emotions and limited foresight actually play games. This book marks the first substantial and authoritative effort to close this gap. Colin Camerer, one of the field's leading figures, uses psychological principles and hundreds of experiments to develop mathematical theories of reciprocity, limited strategizing, and learning, which help predict what real people and companies do in strategic situations. Unifying a wealth of information from ongoing studies in strategic behavior, he takes the experimental science of behavioral economics a major step forward. He does so in lucid, friendly prose. Behavioral game theory has three ingredients that come clearly into focus in this book: mathematical theories of how moral obligation and vengeance affect the way people bargain and trust each other; a theory of how limits in the brain constrain the number of steps of "I think he thinks . . ." reasoning people naturally do; and a theory of how people learn from experience to make better strategic decisions. Strategic interactions that can be explained by behavioral game theory include bargaining, games of bluffing as in sports and poker, strikes, how conventions help coordinate a joint activity, price competition and patent races, and building up reputations for trustworthiness or ruthlessness in business or life. While there are many books on standard game theory that address the way ideally rational actors operate, Behavioral Game Theory stands alone in blending experimental evidence and psychology in a mathematical theory of normal strategic behavior. It is must reading for anyone who seeks a more complete understanding of strategic thinking, from professional economists to scholars and students of economics, management studies, psychology, political science, anthropology, and biology.
Book Synopsis Modeling Strategic Behavior: A Graduate Introduction To Game Theory And Mechanism Design by : George J Mailath
Download or read book Modeling Strategic Behavior: A Graduate Introduction To Game Theory And Mechanism Design written by George J Mailath and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-12-18 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is impossible to understand modern economics without knowledge of the basic tools of gametheory and mechanism design. This book provides a graduate-level introduction to the economic modeling of strategic behavior. The goal is to teach Economics doctoral students the tools of game theory and mechanism design that all economists should know.
Book Synopsis Elevating Repositioning Costs by : Anoop R. Menon
Download or read book Elevating Repositioning Costs written by Anoop R. Menon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper proposes an approach for modeling strategic interactions that incorporates the costs to firms of changing their strategies. The costs associated with strategy modifications, which we term "repositioning costs," constitute a defining feature of strategic choice which is particularly relevant to interactions involving grand strategies. Repositioning costs can critically affect competitive dynamics by making strategies "sticky" and, consequently, the implications of strategic interaction for strategic choice. And yet, while the organization and strategy literatures broadly recognize the importance of repositioning costs, game-theoretic treatments at the grand strategy level with very limited exceptions have not focused on them. In this paper we argue for greater recognition of repositioning costs, provide a repositioning cost typology, and demonstrate the fertility of this approach with a simple model of inter-firm competitive interaction in which repositioning costs increase with the length of time that a firm has been executing its current strategy.
Book Synopsis Strategic Choice and International Relations by : David A. Lake
Download or read book Strategic Choice and International Relations written by David A. Lake and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strategic-choice approach has a long pedigree in international relations. In an area often rent by competing methodologies, editors David A. Lake and Robert Powell take the best of accepted and contested knowledge among many theories. With the contributors to this volume, they offer a unifying perspective, which begins with a simple insight: students of international relations want to explain the choices actors make--whether these actors be states, parties, ethnic groups, companies, leaders, or individuals. This synthesis offers three new benefits: first, the strategic interaction of actors is the unit of analysis, rather than particular states or policies; second, these interactions are now usefully organized into analytic schemes, on which conceptual experiments may be based; and third, a set of methodological "bets" is then made about the most productive ways to analyze the interactions. Together, these elements allow the pragmatic application of theories that may apply to a myriad of particular cases, such as individuals protesting environmental degradation, governments seeking to control nuclear weapons, or the United Nations attempting to mobilize member states for international peacekeeping. Besides the editors, the six contributors to this book, all distinguished scholars of international relations, are Jeffry A. Frieden, James D. Morrow, Ronald Rogowski, Peter Gourevitch, Miles Kahler, and Arthur A. Stein. Their work is an invaluable introduction for scholars and students of international relations, economists, and government decision-makers.
Book Synopsis The Economy as a Complex Spatial System by : Pasquale Commendatore
Download or read book The Economy as a Complex Spatial System written by Pasquale Commendatore and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license. This collected volume represents the final outcome of the COST Action IS1104 “The EU in the new complex geography of economic systems: models, tools and policy evaluation”. Visualizing the EU as a complex and multi-layered network, the book is organized in three parts, each of them dealing with a different level of analysis: At the macro-level, Part I considers the interactions within large economic systems (regions or countries) involving trade, workers migration, and other factor movements. At the meso-level, Part II discusses interactions within specific but wide-ranging markets, with a focus on financial markets and banking systems. Lastly, at the micro-level, Part III explores the decision-making of single firms, especially in the context of location decisions.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Competition on Retail Firm Location by : Isabelle M. Nilsson
Download or read book The Influence of Competition on Retail Firm Location written by Isabelle M. Nilsson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Store location is regarded as a primary driver of retail competition and one of the most important factors in a consumer's store choice decision. In order to explain differences in the relative location between competing retailers a game theoretic model is applied to the study of firm location choices under varying degrees of strategic interaction. The theoretical results contribute to the existing literature by explaining why certain types of retailers may want to locate in close proximity to their competition despite increased price competition. While theoretical results are dependent on the assumptions made, realized outcomes of firms’ location decisions provide insights regarding underlying location behaviors. For this purpose a multivariate spatial statistic is developed aimed at identifying different interaction patterns between competing stores. In order to define when two outlets are located relatively close to each other, a topological proximity criterion is derived based on the theoretical framework. Multivariate spatial statistic has received relatively little attention in the literature when compared to univariate methods. Therefore the statistic developed in this thesis not only proposes a new methodology aimed at distinguishing between different firm location behaviors, it also contributes to the existing literature on multivariate point pattern methods. The proposed statistic has asymptotic properties, and its distribution is approximately normal for larger samples. Tests of finite sample properties and robustness checks are conducted through simulations by varying assumptions with regards to population size, expected values, as well as interactions between categories of points and underlying spatial processes. The simulation results confirm that the proposed statistic has the ability to capture not only asymmetrical relationship but also distinguish pairwise categorical associations from clustering in the joint population. To demonstrate the usefulness of the statistic, it is applied to competing stores in two different retail sectors in order to detect any differences in the relative location between competitors. The application of the statistic to real world location data shows that observed patterns are effectively captured by the proposed statistic and easily interpreted using presented theory. This dissertation also examines whether access to transportation infrastructure may induce retailers to locate in close proximity to one another. For this analysis the statistic is applied to measure whether there is a significant difference in interaction patterns between competing outlets located in proximity to important transportation infrastructure and those that are not. The results suggest that transportation infrastructure affects the nature of the location behavior of retail firms with respect to the relative location of their competitors. The findings from this dissertation suggest that public policy has different welfare effects depending on the demand conditions in different retail sectors. Therefore broader impacts arise from establishing theoretical and empirical evidence that not only improves our understanding of difference in relative location between competitors in different retail sectors but also clarifies the consequences of public policy.
Book Synopsis Strategic Location Choice Under Dynamic Oligopolistic Competition and Spillovers by : Luca Colombo
Download or read book Strategic Location Choice Under Dynamic Oligopolistic Competition and Spillovers written by Luca Colombo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economic Geography by : Pierre-Philippe Combes
Download or read book Economic Geography written by Pierre-Philippe Combes and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2008-09-08 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic Geography is the most complete, up-to-date textbook available on the important new field of spatial economics. This book fills a gap by providing advanced undergraduate and graduate students with the latest research and methodologies in an accessible and comprehensive way. It is an indispensable reference for researchers in economic geography, regional and urban economics, international trade, and applied econometrics, and can serve as a resource for economists in government. Economic Geography presents advances in economic theory that explain why, despite the increasing mobility of commodities, ideas, and people, the diffusion of economic activity is very unequal and remains agglomerated in a limited number of spatial entities. The book complements theoretical analysis with detailed discussions of the empirics of the economics of agglomeration, offering a mix of theoretical and empirical research that gives a unique perspective on spatial disparities. It reveals how location continues to matter for trade and economic development, yet how economic integration is transforming the global economy into an economic space in which activities are performed within large metropolitan areas exchanging goods, skills, and information. Economic Geography examines the future implications of this evolution in the spatial economy and relates them to other major social and economic trends. Provides a complete introduction to economic geography Explains the latest theory and methodologies Covers the empirics of agglomeration, from spatial concentration measurement to structural estimations of economic geography models Includes history and background of the field Serves as a textbook for students and a resource for professionals
Book Synopsis Strategic Interaction Among County Governments in the Choice of Local Economic Development Programs and Public Services by : Afia Boadiwaa Yamoah
Download or read book Strategic Interaction Among County Governments in the Choice of Local Economic Development Programs and Public Services written by Afia Boadiwaa Yamoah and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates strategic interaction among county governments in local economic development and in the provision of public services. Decentralization of welfare has given counties the added responsibility of providing income and jobs for residents. Localization of economic development and decentralization of welfare programs may intensify intergovernmental competition among local governments. County governments in the United States may act strategically by setting lower welfare benefit levels, and by offering business incentives to new firms, thus resulting in the possible under-provision of local public services. Key objectives of this study are to implement an empirical model for measuring whether localization of economic development activities and devolution of welfare program administration leads to heightened aggressiveness of the economic development activities of county governments. Also, the study investigates whether redistributive services provided by county governments are influenced by interjurisdictional competition and other attributes of counties. County-level data from 46 states in the United States are used in the analyses. Spatial econometric models are used to test the hypothesis that county governments choose economic development activities interdependently. The hypothesis that devolution of welfare leads to heightened interjurisdictional competition for economic development and a race to the bottom in the provision of local public services is also tested. The empirical analysis reveals that localization of economic development activities and devolution of welfare programs lead to heightened aggressiveness in the economic development activities of county governments. Economic development activities in one community affect the economic development activities in neighboring communities. Although there are spatial interactions between county governments in their economic development activities, devolution of welfare programs does not lead to increased aggressiveness in economic development. The results indicate that the presence of an economic development professional on staff and the existence of an industrial park lead to increased aggressiveness in economic development activities of county governments. The analysis does not show evidence of a race to the bottom in the provision of local public services.
Book Synopsis Negotiating the Institutions of Democracy by : David Stark
Download or read book Negotiating the Institutions of Democracy written by David Stark and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Systematic Differences in Beliefs About Others in Strategic Interactions by : A. Yesim Orhun
Download or read book Systematic Differences in Beliefs About Others in Strategic Interactions written by A. Yesim Orhun and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals' preferences for outcomes and their expectations about other players' choices that influence the outcome govern strategic interactions. The common assumption that expectations about others are mutually consistent across players allows researchers to infer preferences from observed strategic decisions. In this paper, I show how players beliefs about other players choices systematically depart from this assumption and explain the consequences for the inference of preferences based on strategic choices. In the context of altruistic preferences, I document a relationship between an individual's preferences and his (implicit or explicit) expectations of others' actions in modified dictator games. This relationship is beyond what false consensus or a simple correlation between beliefs and preferences can account for and is consistent with a more fundamental account of projection of preferences. I study the impact of systematic belief differences on players strategic actions in a trust-dictator game. I show that preference incongruencies across different roles in a trust-dictator game are in line with preference projection. Finally, I demonstrate biases in the estimation of preferences from decisions in this strategic game under the assumption of mutually consistent beliefs.
Book Synopsis Taxing Choices for Managing Natural Resources, the Environment, and Global Climate Change by : Anwar Shah
Download or read book Taxing Choices for Managing Natural Resources, the Environment, and Global Climate Change written by Anwar Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-21 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews taxing choices to protect the local and global environment and preserve and sustain natural resources. Alternative economic instruments such as carbon taxes and tradable permits to combat global climate change are also examined. Strategies and practices for the managing and sharing of revenues from natural resources are highlighted. Also, roles of various orders of government in managing, taxing, and sharing natural resources in selected countries are documented to highlight the impact of such division of responsibilities in preserving natural resources and the environment. The susceptibility of resource revenue dependent economies to corruption and malfeasance, and the Dutch disease, is also highlighted. This book could serve as a supplementary reference book for graduate and undergraduate courses and as a sourcebook for journalists, researchers, policymakers, and government practitioners.
