Location Cache Design And Performance Analysis For Chip Multiprocessors

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Location Cache Design and Performance Analysis for Chip Multiprocessors

Author : Jason Nemeth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (258 download)

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Book Synopsis Location Cache Design and Performance Analysis for Chip Multiprocessors by : Jason Nemeth

Download or read book Location Cache Design and Performance Analysis for Chip Multiprocessors written by Jason Nemeth and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As it becomes increasingly difficult to improve the performance of a microprocessor by simply increasing its clock speed, chip makers are looking towards parallelism in the form of Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) to increase performance. Indeed, recent research at Intel suggests that chips with hundreds of cores are possible in the not-so-distant future. As the number of cores grows, so does the size of the cache systems required to allow them to operate efficiently. Caches have grown to consume a significant percentage of the power utilized by a processor. In this research, we extend the concept of a location cache to support CMP systems in combination with low-power L2 caches based upon the gated-ground technique. The combination of these two techniques allows for reductions in both dynamic and leakage power consumption. In this work we will present an analysis of the power savings provided by utilizing location caches in a CMP system. The performance of the cache system is evaluated by extending the capability of CACTI and Simics using the SPLASH-2 and ALPBench benchmark suites. These simulation results demonstrate that the utilization of location caches in CMP systems is capable of saving a significant amount of power over equivalent CMP systems that lack location caches.

Design and Analysis of Location Cache in a Network-on-chip Based Multiprocessor System

Author : Divya Ramakrishnan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Design and Analysis of Location Cache in a Network-on-chip Based Multiprocessor System by : Divya Ramakrishnan

Download or read book Design and Analysis of Location Cache in a Network-on-chip Based Multiprocessor System written by Divya Ramakrishnan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the direction of research to improve the performance of computing systems is focused toward chip multiprocessor (CMP) designs with multiple cores and shared caches integrated on a single chip. To meet the increased demand for data, large on-chip caches are being embedded on the chip, shared between the multiple cores. The traditional bus-based interconnect architectures are non-scalable for large caches and cannot support the higher cache demand from multiple cores, which motivates the design of a network-on-chip (NoC) interconnect structure for shared non-uniform cache architecture (NUCA). The concept of NUCA caches proposes the division of the cache into multiple banks connected by a switched network that can support the simultaneous transport of multiple packets. The larger on-chip cache designs also result in higher power consumption which is a serious concern as fabrication scales down to the nano-technologies. This research focuses on the implementation of the location cache design in a NoC-based NUCA system with multiple cores, in combination with low-leakage L2 cache based on the gated-ground technique. This system architecture helps to reduce the power of L2 cache along with the performance benefit of the on-chip network. The CMP cache system is implemented on a NoC-NUCA framework with a write-through coherency protocol. The features of CACTI and GEMS are extended to support a complete power and performance estimation of the system. A full-system simulation is performed on scientific and multimedia workloads to characterize the NoC-based system. An analysis of the power and performance of the proposed system is presented in comparison with the traditional cache structure in different configurations. The simulation results show that the NoC-based system with the location cache results in significantly saving the energy of the cache system over the traditional bus-based system in any configuration and also the NoC-based system without a location cache. The system also provides better performance compared to a bus-based system, emphasizing the need to shift to a network-based cache interconnect design which can scale to a large number of cores.

Performance Analysis of Location Cache for Low Power Cache System

Author : Bin Qi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Performance Analysis of Location Cache for Low Power Cache System by : Bin Qi

Download or read book Performance Analysis of Location Cache for Low Power Cache System written by Bin Qi and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In modern microprocessors, more memory hierarchy and larger caches are integrated on chip to bridge the performance gap between high-speed CPU core and low speed memory. Large set-associative L2 caches draw a lot of power, generate a large amount of heat, and reduce the overall yield of the chip. As a result, large power consumption of the cache memory system has become a new bottleneck for many microprocessors. In this research, we analyze the performance of a location cache which works with a low power L2 cache system implemented by the drowsy cache technique. A small direct-mapped location cache is added to the traditional L2 cache system. It caches the way location information for the L2 cache access. With this way location information, the L2 cache can be accessed as direct-mapped cache to save both dynamic and leakage power consumption. Detailed mathematical analysis of the location cache power saving rate is presented in this work. To evaluate the power consumption of the location cache system on real world workloads, both SPEC CPU2000 and SPEC CPU2006 benchmark applications are simulated with the reference input set. Simulation results demonstrate that the location cache system can save a significant amount of power for all benchmark applications in L1 write through policy, and save power for benchmark applications with high L1 miss rate in L1 write back policy.

Multi-Core Cache Hierarchies

Author : Rajeev Balasubramonian
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303101734X
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Multi-Core Cache Hierarchies by : Rajeev Balasubramonian

Download or read book Multi-Core Cache Hierarchies written by Rajeev Balasubramonian and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key determinant of overall system performance and power dissipation is the cache hierarchy since access to off-chip memory consumes many more cycles and energy than on-chip accesses. In addition, multi-core processors are expected to place ever higher bandwidth demands on the memory system. All these issues make it important to avoid off-chip memory access by improving the efficiency of the on-chip cache. Future multi-core processors will have many large cache banks connected by a network and shared by many cores. Hence, many important problems must be solved: cache resources must be allocated across many cores, data must be placed in cache banks that are near the accessing core, and the most important data must be identified for retention. Finally, difficulties in scaling existing technologies require adapting to and exploiting new technology constraints. The book attempts a synthesis of recent cache research that has focused on innovations for multi-core processors. It is an excellent starting point for early-stage graduate students, researchers, and practitioners who wish to understand the landscape of recent cache research. The book is suitable as a reference for advanced computer architecture classes as well as for experienced researchers and VLSI engineers. Table of Contents: Basic Elements of Large Cache Design / Organizing Data in CMP Last Level Caches / Policies Impacting Cache Hit Rates / Interconnection Networks within Large Caches / Technology / Concluding Remarks

Design and Analysis of High Performance Cache Memories for Shared Memory Multiprocessor Systems

Author : Gunjan K. Sinha
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Design and Analysis of High Performance Cache Memories for Shared Memory Multiprocessor Systems by : Gunjan K. Sinha

Download or read book Design and Analysis of High Performance Cache Memories for Shared Memory Multiprocessor Systems written by Gunjan K. Sinha and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Performance Analysis of Cache Memories for Vector- and Multi-processors

Author : Jurang Huang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Performance Analysis of Cache Memories for Vector- and Multi-processors by : Jurang Huang

Download or read book Performance Analysis of Cache Memories for Vector- and Multi-processors written by Jurang Huang and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Design and Analysis of Spatially-partitioned Shared Caches

Author : Nathan Zachary Beckmann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Design and Analysis of Spatially-partitioned Shared Caches by : Nathan Zachary Beckmann

Download or read book Design and Analysis of Spatially-partitioned Shared Caches written by Nathan Zachary Beckmann and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data movement is a growing problem in modern chip-multiprocessors (CMPs). Processors spend the majority of their time, energy, and area moving data, not processing it. For example, a single main memory access takes hundreds of cycles and costs the energy of a thousand floating-point operations. Data movement consumes more than half the energy in current processors, and CMPs devote more than half their area to on-chip caches. Moreover, these costs are increasing as CMPs scale to larger core counts. Processors rely on the on-chip caches to limit data movement, but CMP cache design is challenging. For efficiency reasons, most cache capacity is shared among cores and distributed in banks throughout the chip. Distribution makes cores sensitive to data placement, since some cache banks can be accessed at lower latency and lower energy than others. Yet because applications require sufficient capacity to fit their working sets, it is not enough to just use the closest cache banks. Meanwhile, cores compete for scarce capacity, and the resulting interference, left unchecked, produces many unnecessary cache misses. This thesis presents novel architectural techniques that navigate these complex tradeoffs and reduce data movement. First, virtual caches spatially partition the shared cache banks to fit applications' working sets near where they are used. Virtual caches expose the distributed banks to software, and let the operating system schedule threads and their working sets to minimize data movement. Second, analytical replacement policies make better use of scarce cache capacity, reducing expensive main memory accesses: Talus eliminates performance cliffs by guaranteeing convex performance, and EVA uses planning theory to derive the optimal replacement metric under uncertainty. These policies improve performance and make qualitative contributions: Talus is cheap to predict, and so lets cache partitioning techniques (including virtual caches) work with high-performance cache replacement; and EVA shows that the conventional approach to practical cache replacement is sub-optimal. Designing CMP caches is difficult because architects face many options with many interacting factors. Unlike most prior caching work that employs best-effort heuristics, we reason about the tradeoffs through analytical models. This analytical approach lets us achieve the performance and efficiency of application-specific designs across a broad range of applications, while further providing a coherent theoretical framework to reason about data movement. Compared to a 64-core CMP with a conventional cache design, these techniques improve end-to-end performance by up to 76% and an average of 46%, save 36% of system energy and reduce cache area by 10%, while adding small area, energy, and runtime overheads.

A Performance Analysis of Multiprocessors Using Two-level Caches

Author : Daniel James Colglazier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis A Performance Analysis of Multiprocessors Using Two-level Caches by : Daniel James Colglazier

Download or read book A Performance Analysis of Multiprocessors Using Two-level Caches written by Daniel James Colglazier and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis proposes a two-level cache organization for multiprocessors. The first level of cache consists of a private cache per processor. The second level of caches is shared by all processors. The main memory is also similarly shared. A cache coherence solution is proposed for such an organization. The performance of the proposed multi-processor is evaluated with analytical methods. The factors that affect the performance are quantitatively discussed. A variation of the proposed coherence algorithm is presented to improve the performance. Keywords: High reliability; Cache memories; Mathematical analysis. (Author).

Hardware and Compiler-directed Cache Coherence in Large-scale Multiprocessors

Author : Lynn Choi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Hardware and Compiler-directed Cache Coherence in Large-scale Multiprocessors by : Lynn Choi

Download or read book Hardware and Compiler-directed Cache Coherence in Large-scale Multiprocessors written by Lynn Choi and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "In this paper, we study a hardware-supported, compiler-directed (HSCD) cache coherence scheme, which can be implemented on a large-scale multiprocessor using off-the-shelf microprocessors, such as the Cray T3D. The scheme can be adapted to various cache organizations, including multi-word cache lines and byte-addressable architectures. Several system related issues, including critical sections, inter-thread communication, and task migration have also been addressed. The cost of the required hardware support is minimal and proportional to the cache size. The necessary compiler algorithms, including intra- and interprocedural array data flow analysis, have been implemented on the Polaris parallelizing compiler [33]. From our simulation study using the Perfect Club benchmarks [5], we found that in spite of the conservative analysis made by the compiler, the performance of the proposed HSCD scheme can be comparable to that of a full-map hardware directory scheme. Given its comparable performance and reduced hardware cost, the proposed scheme can be a viable alternative for large-scale multiprocessors such as the Cray T3D, which rely on users to maintain data coherence."

Sector Cache Design and Performance

Author : Jeffrey B. Rothman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (416 download)

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Book Synopsis Sector Cache Design and Performance by : Jeffrey B. Rothman

Download or read book Sector Cache Design and Performance written by Jeffrey B. Rothman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "The IBM 360/85, possibly the first commercially available CPU with a cache memory, used a cache with a sector design, by which the cache consisted of sectors (with address tags) and subsectors (or blocks, with valid bits). It rapidly became clear that superior performance could be obtained with the now familiar set-associative cache design. Because of changes in technology, the time has come to revisit the design of sector caches. Sector caches have the feature that large numbers of bytes can be tagged using relatively small numbers of tag bits, while still only transferring small blocks when a miss occurs. This suggests the use of sector caches for multilevel cache designs. In such a design, the cache tags can be placed at a higher level (e.g., on the processor chip) and the cache data array can be placed at a lower level (e.g., off-chip). In this paper, we present a thorough analysis of the design and use of uniprocessor sector caches. We start by creating a standard workload and then we calculate miss ratios for a wide range of sector cache designs. Those miss ratios are transformed into Design Target Miss Ratios, which are intended to be 'typical' miss ratios, suitable for use for design purposes ('design targets'). The miss ratios are then used to estimate performance, using typical timings, for a variety of one level and two level cache designs. We find that for single level caches, sector caches are seldom advantageous. For multilevel cache designs with small amounts of storage at the first level caches, as would be the case for small on-chip caches, sector caches can yield significant performance improvements. For multilevel designs with large amounts of first level storage, sector caches provide relatively small improvements."

On-Chip Instruction Caches for High Performance Processors

Author : Anant Agarwal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis On-Chip Instruction Caches for High Performance Processors by : Anant Agarwal

Download or read book On-Chip Instruction Caches for High Performance Processors written by Anant Agarwal and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continued increases in clock rates of VLSI processors demand a reduction in the frequency of expensive off-chip memory references. Without such a reduction, the chip crossing time and the constraints of external logic will severely impact the clock cycle. By absorbing a large fraction of instruction references, on-chip caches substantially reduce off-chip communication. Minimizing the average instruction access time with a limited silicon budget requires careful analysis of both cache architecture and implementation. This paper examines some important design issues and tradeoffs that maximize the performance of on-chip instruction caches, while retaining implementation ease. Our discussion focuses on the instruction cache design for MIPS-X, a pipelined, 32-bit, reduced instruction set, 20 MIPS peak, CMOS processor designed at Stanford. The on-chip instruction cache is 2K bytes and allows single-cycle instruction accesses. Trace driven simulations show that the cache has an average miss rate of 12 percent resulting in an average instruction access time of 1.24 cycles. Reprints.

Analysis of Cache Performance in Vector Processors and Multiprocessors

Author : Jeffrey David Gee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Cache Performance in Vector Processors and Multiprocessors by : Jeffrey David Gee

Download or read book Analysis of Cache Performance in Vector Processors and Multiprocessors written by Jeffrey David Gee and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Analysis of Cache Performance for Operating Systems and Multiprogramming

Author : Agarwal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461316235
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Cache Performance for Operating Systems and Multiprogramming by : Agarwal

Download or read book Analysis of Cache Performance for Operating Systems and Multiprogramming written by Agarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we continue to build faster and fast. er computers, their performance is be coming increasingly dependent on the memory hierarchy. Both the clock speed of the machine and its throughput per clock depend heavily on the memory hierarchy. The time to complet. e a cache acce88 is oft. en the factor that det. er mines the cycle time. The effectiveness of the hierarchy in keeping the average cost of a reference down has a major impact on how close the sustained per formance is to the peak performance. Small changes in the performance of the memory hierarchy cause large changes in overall system performance. The strong growth of ruse machines, whose performance is more tightly coupled to the memory hierarchy, has created increasing demand for high performance memory systems. This trend is likely to accelerate: the improvements in main memory performance will be small compared to the improvements in processor performance. This difference will lead to an increasing gap between prOCe880r cycle time and main memory acce. time. This gap must be closed by improving the memory hierarchy. Computer architects have attacked this gap by designing machines with cache sizes an order of magnitude larger than those appearing five years ago. Microproce880r-based RISe systems now have caches that rival the size of those in mainframes and supercomputers.

Cache Memory Design and Performance Issues in Shared-memory Multiprocessors

Author : Farnaz Mounes-Toussi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Cache Memory Design and Performance Issues in Shared-memory Multiprocessors by : Farnaz Mounes-Toussi

Download or read book Cache Memory Design and Performance Issues in Shared-memory Multiprocessors written by Farnaz Mounes-Toussi and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Multiprocessor Systems on Chip

Author : Torsten Kempf
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441981535
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Multiprocessor Systems on Chip by : Torsten Kempf

Download or read book Multiprocessor Systems on Chip written by Torsten Kempf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-11 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the design challenges of MPSoC platforms, focusing on early design space exploration. It defines an iterative methodology to increase the abstraction level so that evaluation of design decisions can be performed earlier in the design process. These techniques enable exploration on the system level before undertaking time- and cost-intensive development.

VLSI Design and Test

Author : Brajesh Kumar Kaushik
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811074704
Total Pages : 820 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis VLSI Design and Test by : Brajesh Kumar Kaushik

Download or read book VLSI Design and Test written by Brajesh Kumar Kaushik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on VLSI Design and Test, VDAT 2017, held in Roorkee, India, in June/July 2017. The 48 full papers presented together with 27 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 246 submissions. The papers were organized in topical sections named: digital design; analog/mixed signal; VLSI testing; devices and technology; VLSI architectures; emerging technologies and memory; system design; low power design and test; RF circuits; architecture and CAD; and design verification.

Network and Parallel Computing

Author : James J. Park
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642356060
Total Pages : 665 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Network and Parallel Computing by : James J. Park

Download or read book Network and Parallel Computing written by James J. Park and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-09 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the 9th IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing, NPC 2012, held in Gwangju, Korea, in September 2012. The 38 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 136 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: algorithms, scheduling, analysis, and data mining; network architecture and protocol design; network security; paralel, distributed, and virtualization techniques; performance modeling, prediction, and tuning; resource management; ubiquitous communications and networks; and web, communication, and cloud computing. In addition, a total of 37 papers selected from five satellite workshops (ATIMCN, ATSME, Cloud&Grid, DATICS, and UMAS 2012) are included.