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Load Sequence Effects On Graphite Epoxy 352s Laminates
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Book Synopsis Load Sequence Effects on Graphite/Epoxy [±35]2s Laminates by : DL. Jones
Download or read book Load Sequence Effects on Graphite/Epoxy [±35]2s Laminates written by DL. Jones and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of load sequence on the fatigue behavior of composite materials is contributed by (1) the difference in residual strength when fatigue fracture occurs, referred to as the boundary effect, and (2) the material memory effect with respect to previously experienced loads. A theoretical fatigue model previously developed by the authors is generalized herein to include the memory effect. The present model permits isolation of the memory effect from the boundary effect, thus the extent of the memory effect can be identified using residual strength test results under dual-level fatigue loadings. An experimental test program using graphite/epoxy [±35]2s laminates under high-low and low-high load sequences has been conducted to generate statistical residual strength data. It is shown that the material memory effect does exist for Gr/E [±35]2s laminates, as predicted by the model. The correlation between the test results and the theoretical predictions of the median residual strength and the expected percentage of fatigue failures under dual loading is very good. However, the statistical dispersion of the residual strength test results is much smaller than that of the static ultimate strength and that predicted by the model.
Book Synopsis Stacking Sequence Effects and Delamination Growth in Graphite/Epoxy Laminates Under Compression-Dominated Fatigue Loading by : JP. Komorowski
Download or read book Stacking Sequence Effects and Delamination Growth in Graphite/Epoxy Laminates Under Compression-Dominated Fatigue Loading written by JP. Komorowski and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of free-edge stresses on the fatigue of graphite/epoxy laminates was evaluated numerically and experimentally. Reported are results of static and compression-dominated (R = -3.75) fatigue tests on AS4/3501-6 and IM6/5245C using unnotched specimens. Two different stacking sequences of 18-ply laminates were tested. The lamination was (0°/45°/90°) (44.4%, 44.4%, 11.1%). Damage development was monitored using ultrasonic C-scans, photoelastic coatings, and optical microscopy.
Book Synopsis Fatigue of Graphite/Epoxy [0/90/45/-45]s Laminates Under Dual Stress Levels by : JN. Yang
Download or read book Fatigue of Graphite/Epoxy [0/90/45/-45]s Laminates Under Dual Stress Levels written by JN. Yang and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A model previously developed by the authors to predict the effect of loading sequence on the statistical distribution of the fatigue life and residual strength of composite materials has been generalized and applied to graphite/epoxy [0/90/45/-45]s laminates. The load sequence effects have been shown to be caused in general by the difference in residual strength when failure occurs (boundary effect) and the effect of previously applied loads (memory effect). The present model permits isolation of the memory effect from the boundary effect and estimations of the magnitude of the memory effect under dual levels of fatigue loadings. The model parameters were evaluated from baseline data, including static strength, fatigue life, and residual strength tests. Predictions of the material response were then made and verified with additional fatigue life and residual strength testing. It was shown that the material memory effect is insignificant for this material and correlations between predictions of the number of early failures agreed quite well with the verification tests. Predictions of the fatigue life and residual strength degradation under dual stress levels were also in good agreement with the test results.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the Effects of Stacking Sequence and Thickness on the Fatigue Life of Quasi-isotropic Graphite/epoxy Laminates by :
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Effects of Stacking Sequence and Thickness on the Fatigue Life of Quasi-isotropic Graphite/epoxy Laminates written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Frequency and Stacking Sequence on the Fatigue Behavior of Unnotched Quasi-isotrophic Graphite-epoxy Laminates by : Mangesh Hoskote
Download or read book The Effects of Frequency and Stacking Sequence on the Fatigue Behavior of Unnotched Quasi-isotrophic Graphite-epoxy Laminates written by Mangesh Hoskote and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of High Load on the Fatigue Behavior of Unnotched Graphite/Epoxy Laminates by : C. T. Sun
Download or read book Effect of High Load on the Fatigue Behavior of Unnotched Graphite/Epoxy Laminates written by C. T. Sun and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research program is to verify experimentally the theoretical prediction for the effect of the high load on the fatigue behavior of unnotched composite laminates. A three-parameter fatigue and residual strength degradation model has been used to derive the number of load cycles a specimen can survive and the statistical distributions of the fatigue life and the residual strength after the specimen has survived an initial high load or periodic high loads. One set of the static ultimate strength data and one set of the fatigue scan data were generated to determine the three-parameter values appearing in the theoretical model.
Book Synopsis Damage Development Mechanisms in Notched Graphite Epoxy Composite Laminates During Compressive Fatigue Loading by : Norman Frederick Black
Download or read book Damage Development Mechanisms in Notched Graphite Epoxy Composite Laminates During Compressive Fatigue Loading written by Norman Frederick Black and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Truncation of a Predominantly Compression Load Spectrum on the Life of a Notched Graphite/epoxy Laminate by :
Download or read book Effects of Truncation of a Predominantly Compression Load Spectrum on the Life of a Notched Graphite/epoxy Laminate written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Compressive Loading on the Fatigue Lifetime of Graphite/Epoxy Laminates by : J. T. Ryder
Download or read book The Effect of Compressive Loading on the Fatigue Lifetime of Graphite/Epoxy Laminates written by J. T. Ryder and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this research investigation was the effect of compressive loading on the fatigue response of graphite epoxy laminates as influenced by a circular hole and an aggressive environment. The investigation was undertake n in order to further characterize the behavior of graphite/epoxy laminates under fatigue loading. The primary emphasis of the program was on the accumulation of a statistically significant data base. Unnotched coupon properties of a quasi-isotropic and a 67% 0 degrees fiber laminate were investigated in a 82.2 degrees C (180 degrees F), 90% R.H. environment after prior conditioning in that environment. The interactional effects of absorbed moisture and fatigue loading on the fatigue lifetime of coupons containing a circular hole was investigated at room temperature and at 82.2 degrees C (180 degrees F), 90% R.H. using the quasi-isotropic laminate. The test program consisted of static tension and compression tests; tension-tension and tension-compression fatigue tests; and static tension and compression residual strength tests of coupons prior tested either under tension-tension or tension-compression fatigue loading. (Author).
Book Synopsis Effect of Time at Load on Fatigue Response of [(0/ ± 45/90)s]2 T300/5208 Graphite-Epoxy Laminate by : GP. Sendeckyj
Download or read book Effect of Time at Load on Fatigue Response of [(0/ ± 45/90)s]2 T300/5208 Graphite-Epoxy Laminate written by GP. Sendeckyj and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of an experimental program, designed to test a time at load fatigue failure hypothesis for composites, are discussed. In order to minimize the influence of various test and material variables, testing was performed using a trapezoidal loading waveform with constant loading rates and sufficiently long hold times at load to minimize the effect of hysteresis heating. The results indicate that the fatigue life of [(0/ ±45/90)s]2 T300/5208 graphite-epoxy specimens can be explained by using time at load as a fatigue criterion.
Book Synopsis Load History-Edge Damage Studies in Two Quasi-lsotropic Graphite Epoxy Laminates by : DO. Stalnaker
Download or read book Load History-Edge Damage Studies in Two Quasi-lsotropic Graphite Epoxy Laminates written by DO. Stalnaker and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this investigation was to observe and document the details of edge damage initiation, growth, and interaction as a function of load history and determine the effect of the damage state on material properties. Quasi-isotropic graphite/epoxy specimens with two different stacking sequences were selected to study the damage behavior under both tensile and compressive out-of-plane normal stresses. Observations were made using a replication technique which allows for recording the damage detail along the edge of the stressed specimen.
Book Synopsis Composite Materials by : H. Thomas Hahn
Download or read book Composite Materials written by H. Thomas Hahn and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1989 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Proceedings of a symposium on [title] held April 1987, Cincinnati, OH. The majority of papers deal with composite systems of thermosetting epoxies. Some attention is given to more recent thermoplastic systems. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Book Synopsis Effect of Low-Velocity Impact Damage on the Fatigue Behavior of Graphite/Epoxy Laminates by : RL. Ramkumar
Download or read book Effect of Low-Velocity Impact Damage on the Fatigue Behavior of Graphite/Epoxy Laminates written by RL. Ramkumar and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses an experimental program that addressed the effect of low-velocity impact damage on the fatigue behavior of two laminates, fabricated from AS/3501-6 graphite/epoxy unidirectional tapes, with lay-ups representative of high-performance fighter aircraft wing skin lay-ups. Prior to testing, specimens from these laminates were subjected to one of two types of low-velocity impact damage. The first type was created using a blunt-tipped (1.6-cm tip diameter) impactor, and the impact energy was chosen to induce internal damage, approximately 5 cm in diameter, with no visible sign of damage on the outer surfaces. The second type of damage was created using a sharp (tetrahedral-tipped) impactor, with visible signs of damage on the impacted and opposite surfaces. Subsequent to introducing low-velocity impact damage, test specimens were subjected to static and constant amplitude fatigue loading. In the presence of compressive loads, lateral knife-edge supports were placed near the outer edge, for specimen stability, permitting unconstrained delamination growth elsewhere. Static tension and compression tests were conducted initially, and significant strength reductions due to the impact damages were measured. Fatigue load amplitudes were chosen to be fractions, S, of the static strengths. The behavior of impact-damaged specimens was investigated under tension-tension (R ? 0), tension-compression (R = -1), and compression-compression (R -> -?) fatigue loads. During fatigue, the growth in the impact damage was monitored by means of ultrasonic pulse-echo records. Fatigue life data for the various laminate-damage-loading combinations were obtained in the form of S-N curves. Interesting damage growth patterns were observed, and the criticality of each type of impact damage on the fatigue behavior of the tested laminates was assessed.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the Effects of Stacking Sequence and Thickness on the Fatigue Life of Quasi-Isotropic Graphite/Epoxy Laminates by : CE. Harris
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Effects of Stacking Sequence and Thickness on the Fatigue Life of Quasi-Isotropic Graphite/Epoxy Laminates written by CE. Harris and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A test program has been conducted in which the effect of specimen thickness on the fatigue lives of quasi-isotropic, graphite/epoxy lamintes was investigated. Three replicate specimens for each notched and unnotched geometry at 16, 32, and 64-ply thicknesses of a [90/45/0/-45]ns and [45/0/-45/90]ns laminate were tested in compression-compression fatigue. The fatigue lives of the notched specimens did not appear to be a strong function of laminate stacking sequence or specimen thickness. The stress concentration at the hole dominated over the interlaminar stresses at the straight free edge. The unnotched specimens of the [90/45/0/-45]ns laminate with tensile interlaminar normal stresses delaminated more readily than did the [45/0/-45/90]ns laminate with compressive interlaminar normal stress. The life of the 16-ply unnotched specimens was lower than was the life of the 32 and 64-ply specimens. Delaminations were located at the interface where the maximum ?xz shear stress occurred regardless of the sense of magnitude of the interlaminar normal stress. Finally, a specially designed antibuckling fixture was found to be effective in preventing out-of-plane motion without overconstraining the specimen.
Book Synopsis The Development of Fatigue Damage Around Fastener Holes in Thick Graphite/Epoxy Composite Laminates by : D. S. Saunders
Download or read book The Development of Fatigue Damage Around Fastener Holes in Thick Graphite/Epoxy Composite Laminates written by D. S. Saunders and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the mechanisms by which damage develops and grows around countersunk fastener holes in composite laminates under fatigue loading conditions. Experiments have shown that the erosion of material between ply layers nucleates delaminations which then grow through the laminate under the action of the fatigue loads. The damage at the hole bore surface produces sites for the nucleation of delaminations. The morphology of the delaminations and ply cracking was mapped extensively and from these maps it was found that the volume of material around the fastener hole, .damaged by the fatigue loading, adopted a characteristic shape, the volume of damaged laminate increased towards the faying surface of the laminate and (metal) fixture. This characteristic damage volume was generated by the fastener rocking under the fatigue loads. Growth of the delaminations has been shown to be preceded by intraply cracking and, as fatigue loading proceeded, more delaminations were generated at the hole bore surface. The interfacial region between the composite laminate and the fixture also provided the nucleation site for fatigue cracks in the fasteners. The effects of initial fastener-hole clearances on damage nucleation and growth, . did not appear to follow any clear pattern. However, coupons with excessive initial hole clearances did appear to exhibit greater than expected damage growth after only one sequence block. Composite materials, Mechanically fastened joints, Fatigue loading, Fatigue damage, Damage development, Damage mechanisms, Thick laminates, Graphite/epoxy.
Book Synopsis Effect of Stacking Sequence on Damage Propagation and Failure Modes in Composite Laminates by : HP. Kan
Download or read book Effect of Stacking Sequence on Damage Propagation and Failure Modes in Composite Laminates written by HP. Kan and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of stacking sequence on damage growth and failure modes in composite laminates is discussed. Tests were conducted on AS/3501-6 graphite/epoxy coupons with four different stacking sequences. All laminates had the same percentage of 0, 90, and ±45 degree plies. Constant amplitude fatigue tests were performed at R (minimum to maximum stress ratio) = -1.0 and -?. The specimens were periodically taken out of the testing machine and subjected to nondestructive inspection using X-ray radiography with diiodobutane.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Loading Parameters on Fatigue of Composite Laminates by : H. Thomas Han
Download or read book The Effect of Loading Parameters on Fatigue of Composite Laminates written by H. Thomas Han and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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