Libya And Nuclear Proliferation

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Libya and Nuclear Proliferation

Author : Wyn Q. Bowen
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351225529
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis Libya and Nuclear Proliferation by : Wyn Q. Bowen

Download or read book Libya and Nuclear Proliferation written by Wyn Q. Bowen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-03 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Adelphi Paper examines the motives behind Libya‘s pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability, from Gadhafi‘s rise to power in 1969 through to the end of 2003. It also assesses the proliferation pathways that the regime followed during this period, including early dependence on Soviet technology and assistance, subsequently relying on technological infusions from the A.Q. Khan network. Wyn Q. Bowen clearly analyzes the decision to give up the quest for nuclear weapons, focusing on the main factors that influenced the Gadhafi regime‘s calculations, including the perceived need to re-engage, both politically and economically, with the international community, particularly the United States. It explores the process of dismantling the nuclear programme and the question of whether Libya constitutes amodel for addressing the challenges posed by other proliferators.

Libya's Nuclear Disarmament

Author : Norman L. Cigar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Libya's Nuclear Disarmament by : Norman L. Cigar

Download or read book Libya's Nuclear Disarmament written by Norman L. Cigar and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent events in Libya have already had a significant effect on the region and beyond, and perhaps one of the most compelling results has been the potential impact on regional powers for the future course of nuclear proliferation. Libya's nuclear disarmament experience has provided lessons learned for those states who have themselves acquired nuclear weapons recently, may be in the process of developing that capability, or may be considering the possibility of doing so. This study argues that the lessons learned from the Libyan case of disarmament will confirm the decision of those countries that have already acquired nuclear weapons and add momentum to the efforts of those countries on their way to developing or considering the acquisition of nuclear weapons as a means of enhancing national and regime security. This dynamic, not surprisingly, will thereby complicate future efforts at nonproliferation and denuclearization. In light of the impact of the Libyan experience on other countries, the author offers several recommendations as the international community pursues nonproliferation and counterproliferation policies, including paying sufficient attention to both material and symbolic rewards to cooperative countries, placing less emphasis on public calls for regime change, and modifying the regional threat environment.

Unclear Physics

Author : Målfrid Braut-Hegghammer
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501706454
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Unclear Physics by : Målfrid Braut-Hegghammer

Download or read book Unclear Physics written by Målfrid Braut-Hegghammer and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2016-08-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many authoritarian leaders want nuclear weapons, but few manage to acquire them. Autocrats seeking nuclear weapons fail in different ways and to varying degrees—Iraq almost managed it; Libya did not come close. In Unclear Physics, Malfrid Braut-Hegghammer compares the two failed nuclear weapons programs, showing that state capacity played a crucial role in the trajectory and outcomes of both projects. Braut-Hegghammer draws on a rich set of new primary sources, collected during years of research in archives, fieldwork across the Middle East, and interviews with scientists and decision makers from both states. She gained access to documents and individuals that no other researcher has been able to consult. Her book tells the story of the Iraqi and Libyan programs from their origins in the late 1950s and 1960s until their dismantling.This book reveals contemporary perspectives from scientists and regime officials on the opportunities and challenges facing each project. Many of the findings challenge the conventional wisdom about clandestine weapons programs in closed authoritarian states and their prospects of success or failure. Braut-Hegghammer suggests that scholars and analysts ought to pay closer attention to how state capacity affects nuclear weapons programs in other authoritarian regimes, both in terms of questioning the actual control these leaders have over their nuclear weapons programs and the capability of their scientists to solve complex technical challenges.

Libya's Nuclear Disarmament

Author : Norman L. Cigar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (776 download)

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Book Synopsis Libya's Nuclear Disarmament by : Norman L. Cigar

Download or read book Libya's Nuclear Disarmament written by Norman L. Cigar and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent events in Libya have already had a significant effect on the region and beyond, and perhaps one of the most compelling results has been the potential impact on regional powers for the future course of nuclear proliferation. Libya's nuclear disarmament experience has provided lessons learned for those states who have themselves acquired nuclear weapons recently, may be in the process of developing that capability, or may be considering the possibility of doing so. This study argues that the lessons learned from the Libyan case of disarmament will confirm the decision of those countries that have already acquired nuclear weapons and add momentum to the efforts of those countries on their way to developing or considering the acquisition of nuclear weapons as a means of enhancing national and regime security. This dynamic, not surprisingly, will thereby complicate future efforts at nonproliferation and denuclearization. In light of the impact of the Libyan experience on other countries, the author offers several recommendations as the international community pursues nonproliferation and counterproliferation policies, including paying sufficient attention to both material and symbolic rewards to cooperative countries, placing less emphasis on public calls for regime change, and modifying the regional threat environment.

Seeking the Bomb

Author : Vipin Narang
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691172625
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Seeking the Bomb by : Vipin Narang

Download or read book Seeking the Bomb written by Vipin Narang and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first systematic look at the different strategies that states employ in their pursuit of nuclear weapons Much of the work on nuclear proliferation has focused on why states pursue nuclear weapons. The question of how states pursue nuclear weapons has received little attention. Seeking the Bomb is the first book to analyze this topic by examining which strategies of nuclear proliferation are available to aspirants, why aspirants select one strategy over another, and how this matters to international politics. Looking at a wide range of nations, from India and Japan to the Soviet Union and North Korea to Iraq and Iran, Vipin Narang develops an original typology of proliferation strategies—hedging, sprinting, sheltered pursuit, and hiding. Each strategy of proliferation provides different opportunities for the development of nuclear weapons, while at the same time presenting distinct vulnerabilities that can be exploited to prevent states from doing so. Narang delves into the crucial implications these strategies have for nuclear proliferation and international security. Hiders, for example, are especially disruptive since either they successfully attain nuclear weapons, irrevocably altering the global power structure, or they are discovered, potentially triggering serious crises or war, as external powers try to halt or reverse a previously clandestine nuclear weapons program. As the international community confronts the next generation of potential nuclear proliferators, Seeking the Bomb explores how global conflict and stability are shaped by the ruthlessly pragmatic ways states choose strategies of proliferation.

Nuclear Logics

Author : Etel Solingen
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400828023
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Logics by : Etel Solingen

Download or read book Nuclear Logics written by Etel Solingen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-09 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Logics examines why some states seek nuclear weapons while others renounce them. Looking closely at nine cases in East Asia and the Middle East, Etel Solingen finds two distinct regional patterns. In East Asia, the norm since the late 1960s has been to forswear nuclear weapons, and North Korea, which makes no secret of its nuclear ambitions, is the anomaly. In the Middle East the opposite is the case, with Iran, Iraq, Israel, and Libya suspected of pursuing nuclear-weapons capabilities, with Egypt as the anomaly in recent decades. Identifying the domestic conditions underlying these divergent paths, Solingen argues that there are clear differences between states whose leaders advocate integration in the global economy and those that reject it. Among the former are countries like South Korea, Taiwan, and Japan, whose leaders have had stronger incentives to avoid the political, economic, and other costs of acquiring nuclear weapons. The latter, as in most cases in the Middle East, have had stronger incentives to exploit nuclear weapons as tools in nationalist platforms geared to helping their leaders survive in power. Solingen complements her bold argument with other logics explaining nuclear behavior, including security dilemmas, international norms and institutions, and the role of democracy and authoritarianism. Her account charts the most important frontier in understanding nuclear proliferation: grasping the relationship between internal and external political survival. Nuclear Logics is a pioneering book that is certain to provide an invaluable resource for researchers, teachers, and practitioners while reframing the policy debate surrounding nonproliferation.

Nonproliferation Norms

Author : Maria Rost Rublee
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 0820335894
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Nonproliferation Norms by : Maria Rost Rublee

Download or read book Nonproliferation Norms written by Maria Rost Rublee and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2010-01-25 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Too often, our focus on the relative handful of countries with nuclear weapons keeps us from asking an important question: Why do so many more states not have such weapons? More important, what can we learn from these examples of nuclear restraint? Maria Rost Rublee argues that in addition to understanding a state's security environment, we must appreciate the social forces that influence how states conceptualize the value of nuclear weapons. Much of what Rublee says also applies to other weapons of mass destruction, as well as national security decision making in general. The nuclear nonproliferation movement has created an international social environment that exerts a variety of normative pressures on how state elites and policymakers think about nuclear weapons. Within a social psychology framework, Rublee examines decision making about nuclear weapons in five case studies: Japan, Egypt, Libya, Sweden, and Germany. In each case, Rublee considers the extent to which nuclear forbearance resulted from persuasion (genuine transformation of preferences), social conformity (the desire to maximize social benefits and/or minimize social costs, without a change in underlying preferences), or identification (the desire or habit of following the actions of an important other). The book offers bold policy prescriptions based on a sharpened knowledge of the many ways we transmit and process nonproliferation norms. The social mechanisms that encourage nonproliferation-and the regime that created them-must be preserved and strengthened, Rublee argues, for without them states that have exercised nuclear restraint may rethink their choices.

Shopping for Bombs

Author : Gordon Corera
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195375238
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Shopping for Bombs by : Gordon Corera

Download or read book Shopping for Bombs written by Gordon Corera and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-10 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is the riveting, inside story of the rise and fall of A.Q. Khan and his role in the devastating spread of nuclear technology over the last thirty years. Drawing on exclusive interviews with key players in Islamabad, London, and Washington, as well as with members of Khan's own network, BBC journalist Gordon Corera paints a truly unsettling picture of the nuclear arms bazaar. Corera reveals how Khan operated within a world of shadowy deals amongst rogue states and how his privileged position in Pakistan protected his unique and deadly business empire.

Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation

Author : Allan S. Krass
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100020054X
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation by : Allan S. Krass

Download or read book Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation written by Allan S. Krass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1983, this book presents both the technical and political information necessary to evaluate the emerging threat to world security posed by recent advances in uranium enrichment technology. Uranium enrichment has played a relatively quiet but important role in the history of efforts by a number of nations to acquire nuclear weapons and by a number of others to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. For many years the uranium enrichment industry was dominated by a single method, gaseous diffusion, which was technically complex, extremely capital-intensive, and highly inefficient in its use of energy. As long as this remained true, only the richest and most technically advanced nations could afford to pursue the enrichment route to weapon acquisition. But during the 1970s this situation changed dramatically. Several new and far more accessible enrichment techniques were developed, stimulated largely by the anticipation of a rapidly growing demand for enrichment services by the world-wide nuclear power industry. This proliferation of new techniques, coupled with the subsequent contraction of the commercial market for enriched uranium, has created a situation in which uranium enrichment technology might well become the most important contributor to further nuclear weapon proliferation. Some of the issues addressed in this book are: A technical analysis of the most important enrichment techniques in a form that is relevant to analysis of proliferation risks; A detailed projection of the world demand for uranium enrichment services; A summary and critique of present institutional non-proliferation arrangements in the world enrichment industry, and An identification of the states most likely to pursue the enrichment route to acquisition of nuclear weapons.

Weapons of Mass Destruction

Author : Kenneth R. Timmerman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Weapons of Mass Destruction by : Kenneth R. Timmerman

Download or read book Weapons of Mass Destruction written by Kenneth R. Timmerman and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Clandestine Building of Libya's Chemical Weapons Factory

Author : Thomas C. Wiegele
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Clandestine Building of Libya's Chemical Weapons Factory by : Thomas C. Wiegele

Download or read book The Clandestine Building of Libya's Chemical Weapons Factory written by Thomas C. Wiegele and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 1980 to 1989, Libya acquired the necessary ingredients to construct an elaborate chemical weapons production facility. Although the United States and other nations opposed this acquisition, Libya's Middle Eastern neighbors supported it. Yet the primary physical assistance came from West German firms that willingly allowed their products to be assembled into a facility to produce chemical weapons. This riveting account by Thomas C. Wiegele, whose incisive research was supported by a grant from the United States Institute of Peace, documents Libya's successful clandestine effort. The United States was reluctant to provide detailed public information regarding Libya's quest, and Libya refused to reveal any definitive information, insisting that it was not building the facility. In the end, it was West Germany and its commercial firms that, after initially withholding information, released official documentation regarding their involvement with Libya. Wiegele analyzes the elaborate scheme used to funnel chemical-processing equipment from western Europe to Libya, drawing on press revelations and a lengthy report issued by the Kohl government. This report proved to be a key document as it revealed German knowledge of Libyan chemical weapons activities through information generated by Bonn's own intelligence and diplomatic agencies. According to Wiegele, one of the problems in controlling the development and proliferation of chemical weapons is the ready availability of the substances used to create the weapons. Since many of these substances are used to produce nonmilitary commodities, such as pharmaceutical, fertilizer, petrochemical, and pesticide products, they can be easily bought through common commercial channels. Wiegele wisely treats the Libyan case as a critical international situation and not as a crisis. He views Libya's quest as a serious and prolonged action that has had no immediate effect on power distribution in the international community and has not yet posed a direct challenge to the security of any individual nation. Nevertheless, he stresses Libya's potentially destabilizing effect in the Middle East and elsewhere. He is likewise aware that important connections, both operational and theoretical, may exist between Libya's attempt to build a chemical weapons factory and the events in Iraq that resulted in the war in the Middle East in January 1991. Turning to a broader arena, Wiegele explores the concept of deception and lying in international affairs. He believes that it is critical for students of international relations to develop a more comprehensive literature about and an understanding of the concept of deception because deception seems likely to play an increasingly important role in the high-technology orientation of present-day international relations.

Countering WMD

Author : Robert G. Joseph
Publisher : National Institute for Public Policy
ISBN 13 : 9780977622191
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (221 download)

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Book Synopsis Countering WMD by : Robert G. Joseph

Download or read book Countering WMD written by Robert G. Joseph and published by National Institute for Public Policy. This book was released on 2009 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ambassador Joseph, the director of the National Security Council's counterproliferation activities, provides a firsthand account of the events that led to Libya's decision to abandon its nuclear and chemical weapon programs.

Sanctions, Statecraft, and Nuclear Proliferation

Author : Etel Solingen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107378575
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Sanctions, Statecraft, and Nuclear Proliferation by : Etel Solingen

Download or read book Sanctions, Statecraft, and Nuclear Proliferation written by Etel Solingen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some states have violated international commitments not to develop nuclear weapons. Yet the effects of international sanctions or positive inducements on their internal politics remain highly contested. How have trade, aid, investments, diplomacy, financial measures and military threats affected different groups? How, when and why were those effects translated into compliance with non-proliferation rules? Have inducements been sufficiently biting, too harsh, too little, too late or just right for each case? How have different inducements influenced domestic cleavages? What were their unintended and unforeseen effects? Why are self-reliant autocracies more often the subject of sanctions? Leading scholars analyse the anatomy of inducements through novel conceptual perspectives, in-depth case studies, original quantitative data and newly translated documents. The volume distils ten key dilemmas of broad relevance to the study of statecraft, primarily from experiences with Iraq, Libya, Iran and North Korea, bound to spark debate among students and practitioners of international politics.

To Join Or Not to Join the Nuclear Club

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis To Join Or Not to Join the Nuclear Club by :

Download or read book To Join Or Not to Join the Nuclear Club written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The current debate revolving around Iranian and North Korean nuclear programs highlights the need to foster a more complete understanding of the multidimensionality of states' decision-making process on whether to acquire and retain nuclear weapons. Case studies from the greater Middle East region offer the opportunity to examine the factors such states take into consideration when determining which path to follow. Such factors include threat perceptions, the interpretation of lessons learned from the experience of other countries, the calculus of perceived costs and benefits for national security, the envisioned modes of employment of nuclear weapons (political and military), and the legal/ethical considerations -- all from the perspective of regional actors. Furthermore, a country's specific political decisionmaking process and its institutions are also key factors in understanding how actual and potential regional nuclear powers make decisions on the nuclear issue. As such, an understanding of the motivations and of the perceived utility of nuclear weapons from the perspective of recent and potential nuclear powers can help senior leaders craft more effective U.S. and multilateral nonproliferation, counterproliferation, and deterrence strategies. The two papers included in this monograph offer insights into the differing paths taken by two countries in the greater Middle East region -- Libya and Pakistan -- with the former relinquishing its nuclear program and the latter acquiring a military nuclear capability."--Page [4] pf cover.

Disarmament of Libya's Weapons of Mass Destruction

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Human Rights
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Disarmament of Libya's Weapons of Mass Destruction by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Human Rights

Download or read book Disarmament of Libya's Weapons of Mass Destruction written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Human Rights and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Iran's Perilous Pursuit of Nuclear Weapons

Author : David Albright
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Iran's Perilous Pursuit of Nuclear Weapons by : David Albright

Download or read book Iran's Perilous Pursuit of Nuclear Weapons written by David Albright and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Institute of Science and International Security’s new book Iran’s Perilous Pursuit of Nuclear Weapons chronicles the Islamic Republic of Iran’s efforts to build nuclear weapons. The book draws from original Iranian documents seized by Israel’s Mossad in 2018 in a dramatic overnight raid in Tehran. The “Nuclear Archive” allows deep insight into the country’s effort to secretly build nuclear weapons. The book relies on unprecedented access to archive documents, many translated by the Institute into English for the first time. The first part of the book concentrates on Iran’s crash nuclear weapons program in the early 2000s to build five nuclear weapons and an industrial complex to produce many more. By 2003, responding to growing pressure from European powers to freeze its publicly known nuclear programs and fearing a possible U.S. military attack, Iran’s leaders decided to downsize, but not stop, their secret nuclear weapons effort. The second part of the book discusses Iran’s nuclear path post-2003, revealing a careful plan to continue nuclear weapons work, overcome bottlenecks and better camouflage nuclear weapons development activities. Since 2003, the Islamic Republic’s nuclear scientists and weaponeers have concentrated on establishing capabilities to make weapon-grade uranium and developing more reliable, longer-range ballistic missiles."--Publisher description.

A Middle East Free of Weapons of Mass Destruction

Author : Seyed Hossein Mousavian
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000071952
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis A Middle East Free of Weapons of Mass Destruction by : Seyed Hossein Mousavian

Download or read book A Middle East Free of Weapons of Mass Destruction written by Seyed Hossein Mousavian and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-17 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The establishment of a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons, a concept more recently broadened to cover all weapons of mass destruction (WMD), has been before the international community for decades. In this book, two experts from the region explore why the matter remains unresolved, and outline a comprehensive yet achievable roadmap to a Middle East free of WMD. Weapons of mass destruction pose an existential threat to global peace and security. But nowhere is it more urgent to stem their spread than in the Middle East, a region fraught with mistrust and instability. Accounting for these geopolitical realities, including the ongoing talks to curb Iran’s nuclear program, the authors present a practical and innovative strategy to a Middle East free of weapons of mass destructions (WMD). They outline a phased approach toward disarmament in the region, prescribing confidence-building measures and verification tools to create trust among the region’s governments. Their vision also sees the realization of a WMD-free zone within a broader regional agenda for security and cooperation to advance socioeconomic and political progress. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of international relations, politics and security studies in the Middle East.