The Osama Bin Laden Files

Download The Osama Bin Laden Files PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Skyhorse Publishing Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1620873826
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Osama Bin Laden Files by : The Combating Terrorism Center

Download or read book The Osama Bin Laden Files written by The Combating Terrorism Center and published by Skyhorse Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2012-06-15 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collects the seventeen declassified letters found in Osama bin Laden's compound by the SEAL team that took him down.

Messages to the World

Download Messages to the World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1789603064
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (896 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Messages to the World by : Osama bin Laden

Download or read book Messages to the World written by Osama bin Laden and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the saturation of global media coverage, Osama bin Laden's own writings have been curiously absent from analysis of the "war on terror." Over the last ten years, bin Laden has issued a series of carefully tailored public statements, from interviews with Western and Arabic journalists to faxes and video recordings. These texts supply evidence crucial to an understanding of the bizarre mix of Quranic scholarship, CIA training, punctual interventions in Gulf politics and messianic anti-imperialism that has formed the programmatic core of Al Qaeda. In bringing together the various statements issued under bin Laden's name since 1994, this volume forms part of a growing discourse that seeks to demythologize the terrorist network. Newly translated from the Arabic, annotated with a critical introduction by Islamic scholar Bruce Lawrence, this collection places the statements in their religious, historical and political context. It shows how bin Laden's views draw on and differ from other strands of radical Islamic thought; it also demonstrates how his arguments vary in degrees of consistency, and how his evasions concerning the true nature and extent of his own group, and over his own role in terrorist attacks, have contributed to the perpetuation of his personal mythology.

Osama bin Laden Files

Download Osama bin Laden Files PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1620874970
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Osama bin Laden Files by :

Download or read book Osama bin Laden Files written by and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “An intriguing glimpse into the aging al-Qaeda leader’s thoughts as his life neared its end.” —Washington Post “A sort of anthropology of a terror network.” —The New York Times “A rare, often fascinating glimpse of al-Qaeda and its leadership.” —BBC News On May 2, 2011, US Navy SEALs and CIA operatives raided the secret compound of Osama bin Laden, killing the founder of the jihadist militant group al-Qaeda, which was responsible for the tragedies of September 11, 2001. A year after his death, documents and personal correspondence by bin Laden found in the compound have been made public for the first time, offering a rare glimpse into the mind of one of the most infamous terrorists in world history. A treasure trove of documents, including correspondence between bin Laden and other al-Qaeda leaders, have been translated from Arabic, accompanied by analysis and background information from members of the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. The Osama bin Laden Diaries details the decision making behind one of the most nefarious terrorist organizations of all time.

Letters to Osama

Download Letters to Osama PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1462801897
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (628 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Letters to Osama by : D. Alexander Holiday

Download or read book Letters to Osama written by D. Alexander Holiday and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2003-12-22 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In I Use To Fall Down, his first major compi-lation of his poems, which was favorably received, Mr. Holiday took the reader on a whirlwind of emotional topics, from nuclear proliferation(Washerwoman Blues) to starving children in Somalia (Il Walad), from police bru-tality (Rest In Peace, Cop Killers, and When the Cops Drive By) to reflections on his twenty-one years under the New York City foster care system(Somehow, Mama Knew, Stop Laughing At Me, and What Dad Might Have Said). He has attempted to be honest, some have said too brutally honest, about abuse, the very abuse he has experienced at the hands of care-takers and that abuse which he sees perpetrated by man against man. With Letters to Osama..., Mr. Holiday runs the gambit, again, of topics as current as the war over Iraq, the ugliness of 9-ll, and he continues to be brutally honest in his criticisms and observations of the Bush Administration, the UN, and other world leaders and the roles they play in the worlds conflicts(foreign and domestic). D. Alexander Holiday is a native New Yorker, raised in foster care and was stricken with Gillian Barre Syndrome (also called Ascending Paralysis) at the age of ten. He holds a Master of Arts degree from the State University of New York at Albany. He is currently working on his autobiography, In the Care of Strangers: The Autobiography of A Foster Child. His work can be found on the web at: www.feelingandform.com, www.albanypoets.com, and www.poetix.net/columbia.htm

Harmony and Disharmony: Exploiting al-Qa'ida's Organizational Vulnerabilities

Download Harmony and Disharmony: Exploiting al-Qa'ida's Organizational Vulnerabilities PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Good Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (64 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Harmony and Disharmony: Exploiting al-Qa'ida's Organizational Vulnerabilities by : Combating Terrorism Center

Download or read book Harmony and Disharmony: Exploiting al-Qa'ida's Organizational Vulnerabilities written by Combating Terrorism Center and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2021-04-11 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Harmony and Disharmony..."a study, conducted by the faculty and research fellows of the Combating Terrorism Center (CTC) at West Point, serves multiple purposes, the most important of which is contributing to the depth of knowledge about the terrorist al-Qa'ida movement. Evidence supporting the conclusions and recommendations provided in this report is drawn from a collection of newly-released al-Qa'ida documents captured during recent operations in support of the Global War on Terror and maintained in the Department of Defense's Harmony database. In the text of these documents, readers will see how explicit al-Qa'ida has been in its internal discussions covering a range of organizational issues, particularly regarding the internal structure and functioning of the movement as well as with tensions that emerged within the leadership.

The Killing of Osama Bin Laden

Download The Killing of Osama Bin Laden PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1784784389
Total Pages : 115 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (847 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Killing of Osama Bin Laden by : Seymour M Hersh

Download or read book The Killing of Osama Bin Laden written by Seymour M Hersh and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrifying investigation of White House lies about the assassination of Osama bin Laden In 2011, an elite group of US Navy SEALS stormed an enclosure in the Pakistani city of Abbottabad and killed Osama bin Laden, the man the United States had begun chasing before the devastating attacks of 9/11. The news did much to boost President Obama’s first term and played a major part in his reelection victory of the following year. But much of the story of that night, as presented to the world, was incomplete, or a lie. The evidence of what actually went on remains hidden. At the same time, the full story of the United States’ involvement in the Syrian civil war has been kept behind a diplomatic curtain, concealed by doublespeak. It is a policy of obfuscation that has compelled the White House to turn a blind eye to Turkey’s involvement in supporting ISIS and its predecessors in Syria. This investigation, which began as a series of essays in the London Review of Books, has ignited a firestorm of controversy in the world media. In his introduction, Hersh asks what will be the legacy of Obama’s time in office. Was it an era of “change we can believe in” or a season of lies and compromises that continued George W. Bush’s misconceived War on Terror? How did he lose the confidence of the general in charge of America’s forces who acted in direct contradiction to the White House? What else do we not know?.

Osama

Download Osama PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307427161
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Osama by : Jonathan Randal

Download or read book Osama written by Jonathan Randal and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2007-12-18 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How is it possible for one middle-aged Saudi millionaire to threaten the world's only superpower? This is the question at the center of Jonathan Randal's riveting, timely account of Osama bin Laden's life and role in the rise of terrorism in the Middle East. Randal traces the current sources of Osama's money and tells us why the Iraq war has played into the hands of the terrorists, while also providing essential insight and background on the history of American involvement in the Middle East. With his long-maintained sources in the Middle East and his intimate understanding of the region, Randal gives us a clearer explanation than any we have had of the whys and wherefores of the world's most prominent and feared terrorist.

Manhunt

Download Manhunt PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Doubleday Canada
ISBN 13 : 0385676786
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (856 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Manhunt by : Peter L. Bergen

Download or read book Manhunt written by Peter L. Bergen and published by Doubleday Canada. This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the author of the New York Times bestselling Holy War, Inc., this is the definitive account of the decade-long manhunt for the world's most wanted man, Osama bin Laden. Al Qaeda expert and CNN national security analyst Peter Bergen paints a multidimensional picture of the hunt for Osama bin Laden over the past decade, including the operation that killed him. Other key elements of the book will include: - A careful account of Obama's decision-making process as the raid was planned - The fascinating story of a group of women CIA analysts who never gave up assembling the tiniest clues about bin Laden's whereabouts - The untold and action-packed history of the Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) and the SEALs - An analysis of what the death of bin Laden means for Al Qaeda and for Obama's legacy Just as Hugh Trevor-Roper's The Last Days of Hitler was the definitive account of the death of the Nazi dictator, Manhunt is the authoritative, immersive account of the death of the man who organized the largest mass murder in American history.

The Clash of Fundamentalisms

Download The Clash of Fundamentalisms PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Verso
ISBN 13 : 9781859844571
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (445 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Clash of Fundamentalisms by : Tariq Ali

Download or read book The Clash of Fundamentalisms written by Tariq Ali and published by Verso. This book was released on 2003-04-17 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this timely and important book, new in paperback, Tariq Ali is lucid, eloquent, literary and painfully honest as he dissects both Islamic and Western fundamentalism.

2015 Osama Bin Laden's Bookshelf

Download 2015 Osama Bin Laden's Bookshelf PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781521402696
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (26 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis 2015 Osama Bin Laden's Bookshelf by : Office of Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)

Download or read book 2015 Osama Bin Laden's Bookshelf written by Office of Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-30 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book provides a complete compendium reproduction of over 100 declassified documents and letters recovered during the raid on the compound used to hide Usama bin Ladin, released by the Office of Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) on May 20, 2015. The letters and documents cover everything from mundane matters to terrorism strategies, threats to the United States, and much more. There are also lists of documents and books found in the compound: Publicly Available U.S. Government Documents, English Language Books, Material Published by Violent Extremists and Terror Groups, Materials Regarding France, Media Articles, Other Religious Documents, Think Tank and Other Studies, Software and Technical Manuals, Other Miscellaneous Documents, and Documents Probably Used by Other Compound Residents. In addition, earlier releases include the complete set of declassified English-translated internal letters from Osama bin Laden from his hideout in Abbottabad, Pakistan, and a comprehensive report from the West Point Combating Terrorism Center with analysis of the al Qaeda communications. The introduction to the report, Letters from Abbottabad, states: This report is a study of 17 de-classified documents captured during the Abbottabad raid and released to the Combating Terrorism Center (CTC). They consist of electronic letters or draft letters, totaling 175 pages in the original Arabic and 197 pages in the English translation. The earliest is dated September 2006 and the latest April 2011. These internal al-Qa`ida communications were authored by several leaders, most prominently Usama bin Ladin. In contrast to his public statements that focused on the injustice of those he believed to be the "enemies" of Muslims, namely corrupt "apostate" Muslim rulers and their Western "overseers," the focus of Bin Ladin's private letters is Muslims' suffering at the hands of his jihadi "brothers". He is at pain advising them to abort domestic attacks that cause Muslim civilian casualties and focus on the United States, "our desired goal." Bin Ladin's frustration with regional jihadi groups and his seeming inability to exercise control over their actions and public statements is the most compelling story to be told on the basis of the 17 de-classified documents. "Letters from Abbottabad" is an initial exploration and contextualization of 17 documents that will be the grist for future academic debate and discussion. As a bonus, this compilation includes an important CRS report on Al Qaeda and its affiliates deals with historical perspectives, global presence, and implications for U.S. policy. There is extensive coverage of al Qaeda in the Arabian peninsula (AQAP), North Africa/Sahel: Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), East Africa, Somalia, Al Qaeda and Radical Islamist Extremists in Southeast Asia, Al Qaeda's Global Strategy and Implications for U.S. Policy, and more.

The Rise and Fall of Al-Qaeda

Download The Rise and Fall of Al-Qaeda PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0199790655
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Rise and Fall of Al-Qaeda by : Fawaz A. Gerges

Download or read book The Rise and Fall of Al-Qaeda written by Fawaz A. Gerges and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2011-09-14 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author re-evaluates the threat posed by Al-Qaeda following a decade of war.

The Rise and Fall of Osama Bin Laden

Download The Rise and Fall of Osama Bin Laden PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1982170530
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (821 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Rise and Fall of Osama Bin Laden by : Peter L. Bergen

Download or read book The Rise and Fall of Osama Bin Laden written by Peter L. Bergen and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2022-08-02 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world’s leading expert on Osama bin Laden delivers for the first time the “riveting” (The New York Times) definitive biography of a man who set the course of American foreign policy for the 21st century and whose ideological heirs we continue to battle today. In The Rise and Fall of Osama bin Laden, Peter Bergan provides the first reevaluation of the man responsible for precipitating America’s long war with al-Qaeda and its decedents, capturing bin Laden in all the dimensions of his life: as a family man, as a zealot, as a battlefield commander, as a terrorist leader, and as a fugitive. The book sheds light on his many contradictions: he was the son of a billionaire yet insisted his family live like paupers. He adored his wives and children, depending on his two wives, both of whom had PhDs, to make critical strategic decisions. Yet, he also brought ruin to his family. He was fanatically religious but willing to kill thousands of civilians in the name of Islam. He inspired deep loyalty, yet, in the end, his bodyguards turned against him. And while he inflicted the most lethal act of mass murder in United States history, he failed to achieve any of his strategic goals. In his final years, the lasting image we have of bin Laden is of an aging man with a graying beard watching old footage of himself, just as another dad flipping through the channels with his remote. In the end, bin Laden died in a squalid suburban compound, far from the front lines of his holy war. And yet, despite that unheroic denouement, his ideology lives on. Thanks to exclusive interviews with family members and associates, and documents unearthed only recently, Bergen’s “comprehensive, authoritative, and compelling” (H.R. McMaster, author of Dereliction of Duty and Battlegrounds: The Fight to Defend the Free World) portrait of Osama bin Laden reveals for the first time who he really was and why he continues to inspire a new generation of jihadists.

The Audacious Ascetic

Download The Audacious Ascetic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190613394
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Audacious Ascetic by : Flagg Miller

Download or read book The Audacious Ascetic written by Flagg Miller and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-11 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In late 2002, over 1500 audiotapes were discovered in Kandahar, Afghanistan, in a house once occupied by Osama bin Laden. The Audacious Ascetic is the first book to explore this extraordinary archive. It details how Islamic cultural, legal, theological and linguistic vocabularies shaped militants' understandings of al-Qa'ida, and, more controversially, challenges the notion that the group's original adversary was America and the 'far enemy'. Miller argues that Western security agencies' 'management' of Bin Laden's growing reputation went awry. When magnified through global media coverage, narratives of al-Qa'ida's coherence were exploited by Osama and his militant supporters for their own ends. Focusing on over a dozen previously unpublished speeches by Bin Laden as well as on discussions by top al-Qa'ida leaders and Arab- Afghans, Miller chronicles the Saudi radical's evolving relationship with a host of Muslim insurgencies that found his stripe of asceticism (zuhd) tactically useful, especially when circulated via audiotape. These recordings also reveal militants' disenchantment when Bin Laden, marginalized through the '90s, began pandering to Western television networks in his attempt to direct heterodox Islamist armed struggles against America. Such audio evidence exposes al-Qa'ida's lack of coordination before 9-11 and invites scrutiny of dominant narratives of Western law enforcement, intelligence and terrorism analysts.

Night Letters

Download Night Letters PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 1787383628
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (873 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Night Letters by : Chris Sands

Download or read book Night Letters written by Chris Sands and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1969, several young men met on a rainy night in Kabul to form an Islamist student group. Their aim was laid out in a simple typewritten statement: to halt the spread of Soviet and American influence in Afghanistan. They went on to change the world. Night Letters tells the extraordinary story of the group's most notorious member, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, and the guerrilla organzation he came to lead, Hizb-e Islami. By the late 1980s, tens of thousands were drawn to Hekmatyar's vision of a radical Islamic state that would sow unrest from Kashmir to Jerusalem. His doctrine of violent global jihad culminated in 9/11 and the birth of ISIS, yet he never achieved his dream of ruling Afghanistan. The peace deal he signed with Kabul in 2016 was yet another controversial twist in an astonishing life. Sands and Qazizai delve into the secret history of Hekmatyar and Hizb-e Islami: their wars against Russian and American troops, and their bloody and bitter feuds with domestic enemies. Based on hundreds of exclusive interviews carried out across the region and beyond, this is the definitive account of the most important, yet poorly understood, international Islamist movement of the last fifty years.

A Letter to Osama on Anti-imperllaism of Fools

Download A Letter to Osama on Anti-imperllaism of Fools PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (21 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Letter to Osama on Anti-imperllaism of Fools by : Farooq Sulehria

Download or read book A Letter to Osama on Anti-imperllaism of Fools written by Farooq Sulehria and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Al Qaeda Reader

Download The Al Qaeda Reader PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 : 0385521421
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (855 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Al Qaeda Reader by : Raymond Ibrahim

Download or read book The Al Qaeda Reader written by Raymond Ibrahim and published by Crown. This book was released on 2007-08-07 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global war on terror is not just a military conflict but a war of ideas. Indeed it is in some respects primarily an ideological struggle. Yet it is a war we cannot win without a broader understanding of al-Qaeda's goals and motives. What do our enemies believe? What motivates their war against the West? What is their vision of the ideal Islamic society? Surprisingly, more than five years after 9/11, there is very little understanding of these questions. Despite our tendency to dismiss Islamic extremism as profoundly irrational, al-Qaeda is not without a coherent body of beliefs. Like other totalitarian movements, the movement’s leaders have rationalized their brutality in a number of published treatises. Now, for the first time, The Al Qaeda Reader gathers together the essential texts and documents that trace the origin, history, and evolution of the ideas of al-Qaeda founders Ayman al-Zawahiri and Osama bin Laden. This extraordinary collection of the key texts of the al-Qaeda movement—including incendiary materials never before translated into English—lays bare the minds, motives, messages, and ultimate goals of an enemy bent on total victory. Al-Qaeda’s chilling ideology calls for a relentless jihad against non-Muslim “infidels,” repudiates democracy in favor of Islamic law, stresses the importance of martyrdom, and mocks the notion of “moderate” Islam. Perhaps the most disturbing aspect of these works is how grounded they are in the traditional sources of Islamic theology: the Koran and the teachings of the Prophet. The founders of al-Qaeda use these sources as powerful weapons of persuasion, reminding followers (and would-be recruits) that Muhammad and his warriors spread Islam through the power of the sword and that the Koran is not merely allegory or history but literal truth that commands all Muslims to action. In addition to laying bare al-Qaeda’s ultimate motives, The Al Qaeda Reader includes the organization’s propagandist speeches, which are directed primarily at Americans, Europeans, and Iraqis. Here, al-Qaeda’s many "official" accusations against the West are meticulously delineated, from standard complaints such as the Palestinian issue and Iraq to wholly unexpected ones concerning the U.S.’s exploitation of women and the environment. Taken together, the Theology and Propaganda sections of this volume reveal the most comprehensive picture of al-Qaeda to date. They also highlight the double-speak of bin Laden and Zawahiri, who often say one thing to Muslims in their religious treatises ("We must hate and fight the West because Islam commands it") and another in their propaganda directed at the West ("The West is the aggressor and we are fighting back merely in self-defense"). Westerners from across the political spectrum will be fascinated and enlightened by The Al Qaeda Reader’s insights into the nature of Islamic texts and the ways in which al-Qaeda has used these texts to manufacture hatred against our civilization and our way of life.

Letters from Abbottabad

Download Letters from Abbottabad PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781530442782
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (427 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Letters from Abbottabad by : Nelly Lahoud

Download or read book Letters from Abbottabad written by Nelly Lahoud and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The death of Usama bin Ladin one year ago understandably generated a significant amount of interest in the professionals who carried out the raid in Abbottabad, Pakistan, on the night of May 2nd. Lost in the focus on this single mission is the fact that United States Special Operations Forces (SOF) have conducted thousands of comparable missions in Afghanistan and Iraq since 2001. The success of "Neptune Spear" was the cumulative result of the experience, relentless focus and professionalism of a community that has been conducting these types of missions for over ten years.