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Les Strategies De Protection Des Laboratoires Pharmaceutiques Face Aux Medicaments Generiques
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Book Synopsis Les stratégies de protection des laboratoires pharmaceutiques face aux médicaments génériques by : Pol-Géraud Levy
Download or read book Les stratégies de protection des laboratoires pharmaceutiques face aux médicaments génériques written by Pol-Géraud Levy and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Une stratégie face aux génériques by : Matthieu Théau
Download or read book Une stratégie face aux génériques written by Matthieu Théau and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depuis une vingtaine d'années, la protection des médicaments rapportant le plus de chiffres d'affaires aux laboratoires pharmaceutiques arrivent à expiration. Des copies de ces médicaments appelés génériques sont mis sur le marché. Les génériques provoquent la chute des ventes des médicaments en raison de leurs faibles prix et de la sollicitation des agences de médicament. Ainsi, pour faire face à l'apparition des génériques, les laboratoires pharmaceutiques peuvent employer deux types de stratégies : stratégie locale (sur un produit), stratégie globale (sur l'ensemble de ces produits). Par conséquent, dans cette thèse, une stratégie locale est développée soit la stratégie d'innovation galénique. Un exemple est pris avec le médicament Fosamax® du laboratoire Merck. La plupart des principes actifs sont administrés par voie orale en raison d'une facilité d'administration mais ces principes actifs peuvent présenter des problèmes d'efficacité thérapeutique. Le système de rétention gastrique peut apporter une solution pour améliorer l'efficacité des médicaments. Ce système permet de libérer les principes actifs de façon continue dans l'estomac et ainsi améliorer la biodisponibilité de ceux-ci. Dans ce système, différentes technologies peuvent être employées notamment les systèmes de faible densité, de forte densité, de mucobioadhésion, magnétique, gonflant ou encore extensible. Une fois la forme galénique développée, le laboratoire doit la protéger. Suivant le marché visé, le laboratoire dépose sa demande de brevet à des agences selon trois procédures différentes (nationale, européenne ou internationale). Après l'approbation du brevet par une agence des brevets, la protection a une durée moyenne de 20 ans ayant une possibilité d'extension de 5 ans avec le Certificat Complémentaire de Protection.
Book Synopsis Stratégies de protection de l'innovation dans le secteur pharmaceutique, une intéraction entre propriété industrielle et domaine règlementaire by : Alexandra Stéfenel
Download or read book Stratégies de protection de l'innovation dans le secteur pharmaceutique, une intéraction entre propriété industrielle et domaine règlementaire written by Alexandra Stéfenel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le changement d'environnement économique, avec l'arrivée des médicaments génériques, règlementaire et technologique auquel a dû faire face l'industrie pharmaceutique ces dernières années l'a amenée à modifier sa stratégie de protection de ses innovations. Au départ basée sur la protection de ses médicaments blockbusters, celle-ci a évolué vers une protection globale des innovations en s'adaptant à chaque médicament. Ces nouvelles stratégies se basent sur des outils de protection variés : brevet, certificat complémentaire de protection, protection règlementaire des données et de la mise sur le marché. Le présent travail vise à étudier l'évolution de la protection des innovations pharmaceutiques, son intérêt et ses enjeux. Dans un premier temps, la protection par brevet sera étudiée. Suivront ensuite les différents systèmes d'extension de la protection apparus récemment. Enfin, l'évolution des stratégies de protection ainsi que leurs impacts sur le développement des médicaments génériques seront étudiées.
Book Synopsis Health for all and the problem of patents on medicines by : Sabine Ndzengue Amoa
Download or read book Health for all and the problem of patents on medicines written by Sabine Ndzengue Amoa and published by BoD - Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-04-29 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work highlights the eternal conflict between health for all and the imperative of profitability of intellectual property linked to patents on medicines in the pharmaceutical industry. Health for all is difficult to reconcile with the need for patent profitability. Obtaining a patent for a drug is a long and costly procedure for laboratories. Obtaining it generally rhymes with an obligation of profitability. The expiration of the patent on the drug generates strategies on the part of pharmaceutical companies that are not in the service of health. Does health have a price?
Book Synopsis OECD Health Policy Studies Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies in a Global Market by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Health Policy Studies Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies in a Global Market written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008-09-24 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report assesses how pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies have contributed to the achievement of certain health policy objectives, and it examines the national and transnational effects of these policies.
Book Synopsis When People Come First by : João Biehl
Download or read book When People Come First written by João Biehl and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-07 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A people-centered approach to global health When People Come First critically assesses the expanding field of global health. It brings together an international and interdisciplinary group of scholars to address the medical, social, political, and economic dimensions of the global health enterprise through vivid case studies and bold conceptual work. The book demonstrates the crucial role of ethnography as an empirical lantern in global health, arguing for a more comprehensive, people-centered approach. Topics include the limits of technological quick fixes in disease control, the moral economy of global health science, the unexpected effects of massive treatment rollouts in resource-poor contexts, and how right-to-health activism coalesces with the increased influence of the pharmaceutical industry on health care. The contributors explore the altered landscapes left behind after programs scale up, break down, or move on. We learn that disease is really never just one thing, technology delivery does not equate with care, and biology and technology interact in ways we cannot always predict. The most effective solutions may well be found in people themselves, who consistently exceed the projections of experts and the medical-scientific, political, and humanitarian frameworks in which they are cast. When People Come First sets a new research agenda in global health and social theory and challenges us to rethink the relationships between care, rights, health, and economic futures.
Book Synopsis Public Health in Developing Countries by : Edlyne Eze Anugwom
Download or read book Public Health in Developing Countries written by Edlyne Eze Anugwom and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public health entails the use of models, technologies, experience and evidence derived through consumer participation, translational research and population sciences to protect and improve the health of the population. Enhancing public health is of significant importance to the development of a nation, particularly for developing countries where the health care system is underdeveloped, fragile or vulnerable.This book examines progress and challenges with regards to public health in developing countries in two parts: Part 1 “General and Crosscutting Issues in Public Health and Case Studies” and Part 2 “Country-Specific Issues in Public Health.” For example, assuring equity for marginalized indigenous groups and other key populations entails the application of transdisciplinary interventions including legislation, advocacy, financing, empowerment and de-stigmatization. The diverse structural, political, economic, technological, geographical and social landscape of developing countries translates to unique public health challenges, infrastructure and implementation trajectories in addressing issues such as vector-borne diseases and intimate partner violence.This volume will be of interest to researchers, health ministry policy makers, public health professionals and non-governmental organizations whose work entails collaborations with public health systems of developing nations and regions.
Author :Frédéric Bourdier Publisher :Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies Lund University ISBN 13 : Total Pages :36 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Policies and Politics Underlying the Path for Universal Access to Treatment Against AIDS in Cambodia by : Frédéric Bourdier
Download or read book Policies and Politics Underlying the Path for Universal Access to Treatment Against AIDS in Cambodia written by Frédéric Bourdier and published by Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies Lund University. This book was released on 2006 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Body Economic by : David Stuckler
Download or read book The Body Economic written by David Stuckler and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2013-05-21 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Politicians have talked endlessly about the seismic economic and social impacts of the recent financial crisis, but many continue to ignore its disastrous effects on human health—and have even exacerbated them, by adopting harsh austerity measures and cutting key social programs at a time when constituents need them most. The result, as pioneering public health experts David Stuckler and Sanjay Basu reveal in this provocative book, is that many countries have turned their recessions into veritable epidemics, ruining or extinguishing thousands of lives in a misguided attempt to balance budgets and shore up financial markets. Yet sound alternative policies could instead help improve economies and protect public health at the same time. In The Body Economic, Stuckler and Basu mine data from around the globe and throughout history to show how government policy becomes a matter of life and death during financial crises. In a series of historical case studies stretching from 1930s America, to Russia and Indonesia in the 1990s, to present-day Greece, Britain, Spain, and the U.S., Stuckler and Basu reveal that governmental mismanagement of financial strife has resulted in a grim array of human tragedies, from suicides to HIV infections. Yet people can and do stay healthy, and even get healthier, during downturns. During the Great Depression, U.S. deaths actually plummeted, and today Iceland, Norway, and Japan are happier and healthier than ever, proof that public wellbeing need not be sacrificed for fiscal health. Full of shocking and counterintuitive revelations and bold policy recommendations, The Body Economic offers an alternative to austerity—one that will prevent widespread suffering, both now and in the future.
Book Synopsis Making Medicines in Africa by : Maureen Mackintosh
Download or read book Making Medicines in Africa written by Maureen Mackintosh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC-BY license. The importance of the pharmaceutical industry in Sub-Saharan Africa, its claim to policy priority, is rooted in the vast unmet health needs of the sub-continent. Making Medicines in Africa is a collective endeavour, by a group of contributors with a strong African and more broadly Southern presence, to find ways to link technological development, investment and industrial growth in pharmaceuticals to improve access to essential good quality medicines, as part of moving towards universal access to competent health care in Africa. The authors aim to shift the emphasis in international debate and initiatives towards sustained Africa-based and African-led initiatives to tackle this huge challenge. Without the technological, industrial, intellectual, organisational and research-related capabilities associated with competent pharmaceutical production, and without policies that pull the industrial sectors towards serving local health needs, the African sub-continent cannot generate the resources to tackle its populations' needs and demands. Research for this book has been selected as one of the 20 best examples of the impact of UK research on development. See http://www.ukcds.org.uk/the-global-impact-of-uk-research for further details.
Book Synopsis South-South Cooperation Beyond the Myths by : Isaline Bergamaschi
Download or read book South-South Cooperation Beyond the Myths written by Isaline Bergamaschi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, which brings together scholars from the developed and developing world, explores one of the most salient features of contemporary international relations: South-South cooperation. It builds on existing empirical evidence and offers a comparative analytical framework to critically analyse the aid policies and programmes of ten rising donors from the global South. Amongst these are several BRICS (Brazil, India, China and South Africa) but also a number of less studied countries, including Cuba, Venezuela, the United Arab Emirates, Colombia, Turkey, and Korea. The chapters trace the ideas, identities and actors that shape contemporary South-South cooperation, and also explore potential differences and points of convergence with traditional North-South aid. This thought-provoking edited collection will appeal to students and scholars of international relations, international political economy, development, economics, area studies and business. /div
Book Synopsis Regulating Pharmaceuticals In Europe: Striving For Efficiency, Equity And Quality by : Mossialos, Elias
Download or read book Regulating Pharmaceuticals In Europe: Striving For Efficiency, Equity And Quality written by Mossialos, Elias and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2004-06-01 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thoughtful and comprehensive book represents the best work I have seen on the current situation concerning medication policies in the EU. It is not just that this is a very up-to-date compendium of facts and data across a wide variety of domains that impact on pharmaceutical regulation. The book is also strong on analysis of those facts as well." Jerry Avorn, Harvard Medical School. "This book offers a comprehensive examination of approaches to manage pharmaceutical expenditures in Europe. It is a must-read for those who seek to understand and navigate the changing regulatory environment for medicines in the European Union." Bernie O'Brien, McMaster University, Canada. The rising cost of pharmaceutical expenditures in many European countries is of concern to governments required to make effective use of health care budgets. Taking a broad perspective that encompasses institutional, political and supranational aspects of pharmaceutical regulation, this book examines approaches used to manage pharmaceutical expenditure across Europe and what impact these strategies have had on efficiency, quality, equity and cost of pharmaceutical care.Regulating Pharmaceuticals in Europe is an important book for students of health policy, regulation and management, and for health managers and policy makers. The editors: Elias Mossialos is Brian Abel-Smith Professor of Health Policy at the London School of Economics and Political Science and a Research Director of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Monique Mrazek is a Health Economist (Europe and Central Asia region) for the World Bank and formerly a Research Officer in Health Economics for the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Tom Walley is Professor of Clinical Pharmacology at the University of Liverpool and Director of the UK National Health Technology Assessment Programme. Contributors:Julia Abelson, Christa Altenstetter, Vittorio Bertele’, Christine Bond, Marcel L. Bouvy, Colin Bradley, Steve Chapman, Anna Dixon, Michael Drummond, Pierre Durieux, Edzard Ernst, Armin Fidler, Eric Fortess, Richard Frank, Silvio Garattini, Leigh Hancher, Ebba Holme Hansen, Steve Hudson, Kees de Jonchere, Panos Kanavos, Sjoerd Kooiker, Jean-Marc Leder, Graham Lewis, Donald W. Light, Alistair McGuire, Elias Mossialos, Monique Mrazek, Maria Pia Orru', Govin Permanand, Guenka Petrova, Munir Pirmohamed, Dennis Ross-Degnan, Frans Rutten, Steven Soummerai, David Taylor, Sarah Thomson, Tom Walley.
Download or read book Doing Business 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.
Book Synopsis New Frontiers in the Economics of Innovation and New Technology by : Cristiano Antonelli
Download or read book New Frontiers in the Economics of Innovation and New Technology written by Cristiano Antonelli and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Festschrift explores the truly exceptional breadth and depth of Paul David s work, focusing upon his contributions to the topics of path dependence, the economics of knowledge, and the diffusion of technology. The book consists of 15 papers plus an introduction by the editors and an entertaining postscript by Dominique Foray. . . For economic historians, the papers on path dependence assembled in this book, and particularly the conceptual paper by Antonelli, should be essential reading. Nikolaus Wolf, Economic History Review Recent research on the economics of innovation has acknowledged the importance of path dependence and networks in the evolution of economies and the diffusion of new techniques, products, and processes. These are topics pioneered by Paul A. David, one of the world s leading scholars in the economics of innovation. This outstanding collection provides a fitting tribute to the diversity and depth of Paul David s contributions. The papers included range from simulation models of the evolution of market structure in the presence of innovation, through historical investigations of knowledge networks and empirical analysis of contemporary networks, to the analysis of the diffusion of innovations using simulation and analytic models and of the diffusion of knowledge using patent data. With an emphasis on simulation models, data analysis, and historical evidence, this book will be required reading for researchers in innovation economics and regional development as well as economists, sociologists, and historians of innovation and intellectual property.
Download or read book Give and Take written by Nitsan Chorev and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Give and Take looks at local drug manufacturing in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, from the early 1980s to the present, to understand the impact of foreign aid on industrial development. While foreign aid has been attacked by critics as wasteful, counterproductive, or exploitative, Nitsan Chorev makes a clear case for the effectiveness of what she terms “developmental foreign aid.” Against the backdrop of Africa’s pursuit of economic self-sufficiency, the battle against AIDS and malaria, and bitter negotiations over affordable drugs, Chorev offers an important corrective to popular views on foreign aid and development. She shows that when foreign aid has provided markets, monitoring, and mentoring, it has supported the emergence and upgrading of local production. In instances where donors were willing to procure local drugs, they created new markets that gave local entrepreneurs an incentive to produce new types of drugs. In turn, when donors enforced exacting standards as a condition to access those markets, they gave these producers an incentive to improve quality standards. And where technical know-how was not readily available and donors provided mentoring, local producers received the guidance necessary for improving production processes. Without losing sight of domestic political-economic conditions, historical legacies, and foreign aid’s own internal contradictions, Give and Take presents groundbreaking insights into the conditions under which foreign aid can be effective.
Book Synopsis A Frequency Dictionary of French by : Deryle Lonsdale
Download or read book A Frequency Dictionary of French written by Deryle Lonsdale and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-03-25 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Frequency Dictionary of French is an invaluable tool for all learners of French, providing a list of the 5000 most frequently used words in the language. Based on a 23-million-word corpus of French which includes written and spoken material both from France and overseas, this dictionary provides the user with detailed information for each of the 5000 entries, including English equivalents, a sample sentence, its English translation, usage statistics, and an indication of register variation. Users can access the top 5000 words either through the main frequency listing or through an alphabetical index. Throughout the frequency listing there are thematically-organized lists of the top words from a variety of key topics such as sports, weather, clothing, and family terms. An engaging and highly useful resource, the Frequency Dictionary of French will enable students of all levels to get the most out of their study of French vocabulary. Former CD content is now available to access at www.routledge.com/9780415775311 as support material. Designed for use by corpus and computational linguists it provides the full text in a format that researchers can process and turn into suitable lists for their own research work. Deryle Lonsdale is Associate Professor in the Linguistics and English Language Department at Brigham Young University (Provo, Utah). Yvon Le Bras is Associate Professor of French and Department Chair of the French and Italian Department at Brigham Young University (Provo, Utah).
Book Synopsis The Latin Cognomina by : Iiro Kajanto
Download or read book The Latin Cognomina written by Iiro Kajanto and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
