Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Le Private Enforcement En Droit Europeen Et Americain De La Concurrence
Download Le Private Enforcement En Droit Europeen Et Americain De La Concurrence full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Le Private Enforcement En Droit Europeen Et Americain De La Concurrence ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Le private enforcement en droit européen et américain de la concurrence by : Julie Grangeon
Download or read book Le private enforcement en droit européen et américain de la concurrence written by Julie Grangeon and published by . This book was released on 2024-03-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intraduisible littéralement, le private enforcement est, par commodité, assimilé au contentieux subjectif et à l'action civile des victimes qui souhaitent obtenir réparation. Pourtant, son appréhension dans le contexte culturel et juridique américain comme dans celui de l'Union nuance cette assimilation traditionnelle. Ce concept se conçoit à l'origine aux États-Unis comme un mécanisme de contribution des particuliers à la réalisation du droit fédéral. Par la consécration d'un droit d'action en justice, le Congrès cherche à assurer conjointement l'effectivité de la protection personnelle du requérant et celle des règles fédérales. Si cette logique fonctionnelle a trouvé un écho particulier en droit de l'Union depuis l'arrêt Van Gend en Loos de 1963, elle implique néanmoins des adaptations aussi bien substantielles que procédurales dans les droits nationaux. Loin d'en transposer les mécanismes américains, l'Union tente de développer son propre modèle de private enforcement. Cela étant, à travers l'exemple du droit de la concurrence, cet ouvrage vise, dans une perspective comparative, à démontrer que cette démarche libérale, consistant à instrumentaliser l'intérêt individuel au service de l'intérêt objectif de mise en œuvre des règles, présente aujourd'hui des limites. Le champ de l'étude est plus précisément le reflet d'un dévoiement du private enforcement au détriment aussi bien de la protection subjective du requérant que de celle de l'ordre concurrentiel. Ce livre se propose ainsi, dans un champ plus prospectif, un dépassement de cette instrumentalisation originelle au profit d'un renouvellement du rôle du particulier dans la mise en œuvre du droit objectif dans le champ de l'Union européenne. (4e de couv.).
Book Synopsis La contribution de l'action privée à la mise en œuvre du droit de l'Union européenne by : Julie Grangeon
Download or read book La contribution de l'action privée à la mise en œuvre du droit de l'Union européenne written by Julie Grangeon and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intraduisible littéralement, le private enforcement est, par commodité, assimilé au contentieux subjectif et à l'action civile des victimes qui souhaitent obtenir réparation. Pourtant, son appréhension dans le contexte culturel et juridique américain comme dans celui de l'Union nuance, sinon remet en cause, cette assimilation traditionnelle. Ce concept se conçoit à l'origine aux États-Unis comme un mécanisme de contribution des particuliers à la réalisation du droit fédéral. Par la consécration d'un droit d'action en justice, le Congrès cherche à assurer conjointement l'effectivité de la protection personnelle du requérant et celle des règles fédérales. Cette logique fonctionnelle a trouvé un écho particulier en droit de l'Union depuis l'arrêt Van Gend en Loos de 1963.Cela étant, à travers l'exemple du droit de la concurrence, ce travail vise, dans une perspective comparative, à démontrer que cette démarche libérale, consistant à instrumentaliser l'intérêt individuel au service de l'intérêt objectif de mise en œuvre des règles, présente aujourd'hui des limites. Le champ de l'étude est plus précisément le reflet d'un dévoiement du private enforcement au détriment aussi bien de la protection subjective du requérant que de celle de l'ordre concurrentiel. La thèse se propose ainsi, dans un champ plus prospectif, un dépassement de cette instrumentalisation originelle au profit d'un renouvellement du rôle du particulier dans la mise en œuvre du droit objectif dans le champ de l'Union européenne.
Book Synopsis Droit européen de la concurrence by : David Bosco
Download or read book Droit européen de la concurrence written by David Bosco and published by Primento. This book was released on 2013-10-16 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La prohibition des ententes et des abus de position dominante a été le socle historique qui a permis, dans la construction européenne, d’affirmer une culture de concurrence résolument tournée vers la protection du bien-être collectif. Qu’il s’agisse d’ententes secrètes, de techniques contractuelles pernicieuses, d’abus par pratiques d’éviction de concurrents méritants ou d’exploitations de rente de situation, ce droit traque les hausses des prix, les cloisonnements territoriaux, les limitations de la production, les baisses de qualité et les confiscations de l’innovation. Intitulé « Politiques de concurrence », le premier titre développe les tenants historiques, économiques et juridiques. Le deuxième traite des « éléments fondamentaux » que sont la notion de pouvoir de marché et le champ d’application des articles 101 et 102 TFUE. Les titres troisième et quatrième détaillent, quant à eux, les qualifications d’ « entente » et d’ « abus de position dominante ». Enfin, le dernier titre décrit en profondeur la mise en œuvre procédurale du droit des ententes et des abus de position dominante dans la sphère publique (public enforcement) et dans la sphère privée (private enforcement). L’ouvrage s’adresse au monde universitaire et aux praticiens du droit de la concurrence (magistrats, membres des autorités européennes de concurrence, avocats, juristes d’entreprise) et leur offre un exposé complet du droit des ententes et des abus de position dominante, dans ses origines, son actualité et ses évolutions pressenties tant la matière est en situation d’effervescence permanente.
Book Synopsis Les class actions, du droit américain au droit européen by : Mélanie Leclerc
Download or read book Les class actions, du droit américain au droit européen written by Mélanie Leclerc and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depuis le 19ème siècle, les préjudices de masse se sont multipliés. Après les préjudices corporels liés à la mécanisation des activités humaines, les dommages économiques se sont développés avec l’essor de la société de consommation, la standardisation des produits et la globalisation des rapports commerciaux. Ces changements se sont accompagnés d’une évolution des exigences des citoyens pour lesquels la réparation des dommages subis est devenue un droit. Les pouvoirs publics européens ont alors envisagé un mécanisme permettant de garantir l’effectivité de ce droit à réparation compte tenu des difficultés d’accès au juge dans ce type de litiges et se sont inspirés de la procédure de class action développée aux Etats-Unis. Le débat sur l’introduction de procédures d’actions collectives dans les pays européens civilistes est complexe car il implique plusieurs plans de raisonnement. Sous un angle technique, les modalités d’autorisation et d’exercice de l’action de groupe, issue de la Common Law, doivent être compatibles avec les principes fondamentaux qui gouvernent la procédure civile et le droit de la responsabilité dans les pays civilistes. Sous un angle plus politique, il convient de circonscrire les finalités de l’action collective et son domaine d’application afin de répondre au mieux aux besoins des justiciables européens. Il s’impose également de déterminer dans quelle mesure un outil national serait plus adapté qu’un outil communautaire pour répondre à de tels besoins. Le sujet porte in fine sur l’organisation judiciaire de demain
Book Synopsis EC Private Antitrust Enforcement by : Assimakis Komninos
Download or read book EC Private Antitrust Enforcement written by Assimakis Komninos and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2008-02-22 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by an academic-cum-practitioner with substantial experience in the field of antitrust enforcement, presents the rise of private enforcement of competition law in Europe, especially in the context of the recent modernisation and decentralisation of EC competition law enforcement. In particular, the study examines the role of courts in the application of the EC competition rules and views that role in the broader system of antitrust enforcement. The author starts from the premise of private enforcement's independence of public enforcement and after examining the new institutional position of national courts and their relationship with the Court of Justice, the Commission, and public enforcement in general, proceeds to deal with the detailed substantive and procedural law framework of private antitrust actions in Europe. The author describes the current post-decentralisation state of affairs but also refers to the latest proposals to enhance private antitrust enforcement in Europe both at the Community level, where reference is made to the December 2005 Commission Green Paper on Damages Actions and its aftermath, and at the national level, where reference is made to recent and forthcoming relevant initiatives.
Book Synopsis Private Enforcement of Competition Law in Europe by : Rafael Amaro
Download or read book Private Enforcement of Competition Law in Europe written by Rafael Amaro and published by Bruylant. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the reader to key legal provisions and case-law related to the procedural and substantive issues that may arise in damages litigation for breach of anti-competitive agreements and abuses of a dominant position prohibitions. For the past decade, academic publications have focused on the proposal for a Directive on damages actions, then the Directive 2014/104/EU of 26 November 2014 itself, and finally the transposition texts. However, this understandable interest should not lead to overlook the fact that the Directive has been applied very little until now. This is mainly due to its application ratione temporis. In addition to the fact that Member States only transposed the Directive between the end of 2016 and 2018, Article 22 of the Directive provides that the substantive rules contained in the Directive cannot be applied to infringements subsequent to the national laws transposing them, while the procedural rules of the Directive apply to proceedings commenced on or after 26 December 2014. Thus, it is prior domestic law that continues to govern the vast majority of cases before national courts in the “Pre-Directive era.” In addition, a number of issues of the utmost importance have not been addressed by the Directive, such as questions of international jurisdiction or the quantification of “interests.” For these reasons, it seemed necessary not to limit this book to commenting on the Directive, important as it is, but to go beyond it. Directed by Rafael Amaro, this book contains the contributions from leading academics, attorneys, jurists and economists in the field of the private enforcement of competition law. It is composed of thematic chapters dealing with matters such as applicable law in international litigation, limitation, quantification of damages, from both a European Union and a national perspective, as well as national chapters presenting the state of play in several European States.
Author :Andreas Scordamaglia-Tousis Publisher :Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN 13 :9041147616 Total Pages :476 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (411 download)
Book Synopsis EU Cartel Enforcement by : Andreas Scordamaglia-Tousis
Download or read book EU Cartel Enforcement written by Andreas Scordamaglia-Tousis and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has a been a long-standing debate on the compatibility of EU competition law with fundamental rights protection, particularly as the latter is enshrined in the due process requirements of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). This book, a signal contribution to that debate, assesses two questions of paramount concern: first, whether the current level of fundamental rights protection in cartel enforcement falls within the accepted ECHR standards; and second, how the often conflicting objectives of effectiveness and adequate protection of fundamental rights could optimally be achieved. Following a detailed survey of relevant EU institutional, substantive, and procedural law rules, the author offers a set of persuasive normative responses to both questions. Proceeding from an in-depth analysis of the pertinent rights and legal nature of competition proceedings under EU and ECHR law, the author goes on to examine such elements of the perceived incompatibility as the following: investigatory powers vested in competition authorities; the privilege against self-incrimination; right to privacy; “fair trial” probatory requirements; degree of use of presumptions in EU practice; Article 6 ECHR guarantees pertaining to the presumption of innocence; proving coordination of competitive behaviour; proving restriction of competition; admissibility of evidence before EU Courts and the Commission; assessment of the attribution of liability rules; EU fining rules; judicial review of cartel decisions by EU Courts; and national sanctioning rules. The author’s extraordinarily thorough presentation is rounded off with a remarkably comprehensive bibliography that lists (in addition to books and articles) newspaper articles, EU regulations and directives, soft-law guidelines and “best practices”, EU and ECtHR case law, EU Advocate General opinions, European Commission decisions, and European Ombudsman decisions. General conclusions stress the necessity of introducing further reforms to enhance the effectiveness and legitimacy of fundamental rights in the context of competition proceedings. Few books have taken such a thorough and far-reaching approach to the reconciliation of “effective public enforcement” and “fundamental rights”, or of “effective deterrence” with the principles of legality, non-retroactivity, presumption of innocence, and ne bis in idem. In the depth of its appraisal of the entire spectrum of enforcement components from a fundamental rights perspective, the book is without peers. It will be warmly welcomed by any parties interested in the intersection of competition law and human rights.
Book Synopsis The 'Right to Damages' under EU Competition Law by : Veljko Milutinovic
Download or read book The 'Right to Damages' under EU Competition Law written by Veljko Milutinovic and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2010-11-19 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the provocative thesis of this book that the Commission’s struggle for a more ‘effective’ system of private enforcement has gone from being a mere enhancement of a single EU policy (competition) to slowly but surely fuelling a paradigm shift in EU law.
Book Synopsis European Competition Law Annual 2000 by : Claus-Dieter Ehlermann
Download or read book European Competition Law Annual 2000 written by Claus-Dieter Ehlermann and published by Hart Publishing. This book was released on 2001-05-21 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The materials of a 2000 debate on the proposals made by the European Commission for the reform and decentralisation of EC antitrust enforcement.
Book Synopsis Jurisdiction and Cross-Border Collective Redress by : Alexia Pato
Download or read book Jurisdiction and Cross-Border Collective Redress written by Alexia Pato and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, the rise in cross-border law violations has harmed numerous victims around the globe. The damages are often dispersed and low-level. As a result, the private enforcement gap has deepened and collective redress represents an interesting procedural instrument that is able to provide effective access to justice. This book analyses thoroughly the dominant collective redress models adopted in the EU. Data from 13 Member States has been catalogued and categorised. The research mainly focuses on the consumer law field but frequent references to financial and data protection-related cases are made. The dominant collective redress models are then studied from a private international law perspective. In particular, the book highlights the current mismatch between collective redress on the one hand, and rules on international jurisdiction on the other. Additionally, it notes that barriers to cross-border litigation remain significant for victims and their representatives. The unprecedented empirical study included in this book confirms that statement. Observing that EU measures have not satisfactorily lowered those barriers, the author proposes the creation of a new head of jurisdiction for cases of international collective redress. This book will be of interest to private international law scholars, researchers, students, legal practitioners, judges and policy-makers. It is a reference point for those with an interest in cross-border collective redress in particular, and private international law in general.
Book Synopsis The Criminalization of European Cartel Enforcement by : Peter Whelan
Download or read book The Criminalization of European Cartel Enforcement written by Peter Whelan and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cartel activity is prohibited under EU law by virtue of Article 101(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Firms that violate this provision face severe punishment from those entities responsible for enforcing EU competition law: the European Commission, the national competition authorities, and the national courts. Stiff fines are regularly imposed on firms by these entities; such firm-focused punishment is an established feature of the antitrust enforcement landscape within the EU. In recent years, however, focus has also been placed on the individuals within the firms responsible for the cartel activity. It is increasingly recognized that punishment for cartel activity should be individual-focused as well as firm-focused. Accordingly, a growing tendency to criminalize cartel activity can be observed in the EU Member States. The existence of such criminal sanctions within the EU presents a number of crucial challenges that need to be met if the underlying enforcement objectives are to be achieved in practice without violating prevailing legal norms. For a start, given the severe consequences of a custodial sentence, the employment of criminal antitrust punishment must be justifiable in principle: one must have a robust normative framework rationalizing the existence of criminal cartel sanctions. Second, for it to be legitimate, antitrust criminalization should only occur in a manner that respects the mandatory legalities applicable to the European jurisdiction in question. These include the due process rights of the accused and the principle of legal certainty. Finally, the correct practical measures (such as a criminal leniency policy and a correctly defined criminal cartel offence) need to be in place in order to ensure that the employment of criminal antitrust punishment actually achieves its aims while maintaining its legitimacy. These three particular challenges can be conceptualized respectively as the theoretical, legal, and practical challenges of European antitrust criminalization. This book analyses these three crucial challenges so that the complexity of the process of European antitrust criminalization can be understood more accurately. In doing so, this book acknowledges that the three challenges should not be considered in isolation. In fact there is a dynamic relationship between the theoretical, legal, and practical challenges of European antitrust criminalization and an effective antitrust criminalization policy is one which recognizes and respects this complex interaction.
Book Synopsis European Competition Law Annual 2001 by : Claus-Dieter Ehlermann
Download or read book European Competition Law Annual 2001 written by Claus-Dieter Ehlermann and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2003-07-22 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Competition Law Annual 2001 is the sixth in a series of volumes following the annual workshops on EU Competition Law and Policy held at the Robert Schuman Centre of the European University in Florence. The volume reproduces the materials of the roundtable debate that took place at the sixth edition of the Workshop (1-2 June 2001),which examined the conditions for an effective private enforcement of EC antitrust rules. The application of EC antitrust rules in the context of private litigation before national courts and arbitration tribunals is becoming a highly topical subject against the background of the on-going debate about the decentralisation of EC antitrust enforcement. The participants – a group of senior representatives of the Commission, national judges, arbitrators, renowned academics and international legal experts in the field of antitrust - discussed in particular the following aspects: a) the availability and effectiveness of substantive remedies in the enforcement of EC antitrust rules at the EU level in general and in four major EU jurisdictions in particular (England, France, Italy and Germany); b) the procedural issues arising in the enforcement of EC antitrust rules by national courts in four EU jurisdictions (England, France, Italy and Germany) and at the EU level in general; c) the problems arising in the application of Article 81(3) EC by arbitration tribunals. In addition to these issues, the participants also discussed whether the public enforcement of EC antitrust rules could be rendered more efffective by introducing sanctions applicable to the individuals responsible for their violation.
Book Synopsis The Role of Competitors in the Enforcement of State Aid Law by : Fernando Pastor-Merchante
Download or read book The Role of Competitors in the Enforcement of State Aid Law written by Fernando Pastor-Merchante and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-04-20 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the tools that the European rules on State aid place in the hands of competitors when it comes to fighting subsidies and other state measures of financial assistance to firms. In order to do so, the book scrutinises the means of redress available to competitors before national courts (private enforcement), as well as the opportunities that they have to make their voice heard in the course of the European Commission's enforcement procedures (public enforcement). The insights provided by the book lead to a better understanding of the rights of private parties under the rules and practices that govern the enforcement of State aid law.
Book Synopsis International Antitrust Litigation by : Jurgen Basedow
Download or read book International Antitrust Litigation written by Jurgen Basedow and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-02-03 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decentralisation of competition law enforcement and the stimulation of private damages actions in the European Union go hand in hand with the increasingly international character of antitrust proceedings. As a consequence, there is an ever-growing need for clear and workable rules to co-ordinate cross-border actions, whether they are of a judicial or administrative nature: rules on jurisdiction, applicable law and recognition as well as rules on sharing of evidence, the protection of business secrets and the interplay between administrative and judicial procedures. This book offers an in-depth analysis of these long neglected yet practically most important topics. It is the fruit of a research project funded by the European Commission, which brought together experts from academia, private practice and policy-making from across Europe and the United States. The 16 chapters cover the relevant provisions of the Brussels I and Rome I and II Regulations, the co-operation mechanisms provided for by Regulation 1/2003 and selected issues of US procedural law (such as discovery) that are highly relevant for transatlantic damages actions. Each contribution critically analyses the existing legislative framework and formulates specific proposals to consolidate and enhance cross-border antitrust litigation in Europe and beyond.
Book Synopsis The role of the Court in Collective Redress Litigation : Comparative Report by : Élodie Falla
Download or read book The role of the Court in Collective Redress Litigation : Comparative Report written by Élodie Falla and published by Primento. This book was released on 2014-03-18 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The key question facing European policy-makers is how to enable collective redress proceedings without producing the undesirable consequences that are associated with the U.S. class action model. How is it possible to find the balance between providing compensation for legitimate claims and preventing unmeritorious claims? If the system encourages the vast majority of claims to be settled, how can it avoid the ‘blackmail effect’, which means it will be cheaper for defendants to settle unmeritorious claims than to fight them? How is it possible to avoid excessive transactional costs? etc. In this report, it is considered that one of the of the important safeguards against the abuses of the U.S. class action system could be the active role of the court in collective redress litigation. Research is needed to see what concrete judicial powers are the most important in that respect. This report tries to achieve this challenge. The first part of the report consists in a comparative analysis of national rules and case law in six Member States (United Kingdom (England & Wales), Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Sweden) to identify which powers of the court in a collective redress trial ensure fair proceedings for both parties and act as safeguards against potential abuses of the system. Cases have been selected to illustrate the issues that arise and some of the creative solutions that have been applied so far by the courts at each stage of a collective redress procedure. The second part of this report aims at looking ahead to ways in which recommendations for an optimal balanced framework for a European collective redress mechanism would be formulated. The result of the case analyses set out in this report attempts to demonstrate whether the European Union might be able to introduce an attractive approach towards collective redress which builds on previous knowledge by fusing different national approaches and provides benefits to consumers, competitors and the economy, without harmful risks.
Book Synopsis Competition Law of the European Union by : Van Bael & Bellis
Download or read book Competition Law of the European Union written by Van Bael & Bellis and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 1618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new Sixth Edition of a major work by the well-known competition law team at Van Bael & Bellis in Brussels brings the book up to date to take account of the many developments in the case law and relevant legislation that have occurred since the Fifth Edition in 2010. The authors have also taken the opportunity to write a much-extended chapter on private enforcement and a dedicated section on competition law in the pharmaceutical sector. As one would expect, the new edition continues to meet the challenge for businesses and their counsel, providing a thoroughly practical guide to the application of the EU competition rules. The critical commentary cuts through the theoretical underpinnings of EU competition law to expose its actual impact on business. In this comprehensive new edition, the authors examine such notable developments as the following: important rulings concerning the concept of a restriction by object under Article 101; the extensive case law in the field of cartels, including in relation to cartel facilitation and price signalling; important Article 102 rulings concerning pricing and exclusivity, including the Post Danmark and Intel judgments, as well as standard essential patents; the current block exemption and guidelines applicable to vertical agreements, including those applicable to the motor vehicle sector; developments concerning online distribution, including the Pierre Fabre and Coty rulings; the current guidelines and block exemptions in the field of horizontal cooperation, including the treatment of information exchange; the evolution of EU merger control, including court defeats suffered by the Commission and the case law on procedural infringements; the burgeoning case law related to pharmaceuticals, including concerning reverse payment settlements; the current technology transfer guidelines and block exemption; procedural developments, including in relation to the right to privacy, access to file, parental liability, fining methodology, inability to pay and hybrid settlements; the implementation of the Damages Directive and the first interpretative rulings. As a comprehensive, up-to-date and above all practical analysis of the EU competition rules as developed by the Commission and EU Courts, this authoritative new edition of a classic work stands alone. Like its predecessors, it will be of immeasurable value to both business persons and their legal advisers.
Book Synopsis Civil Procedure in Norway by : Anna Nylund
Download or read book Civil Procedure in Norway written by Anna Nylund and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2022-11-20 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this convenient volume provides comprehensive analysis of the legislation and rules that determine civil procedure and practice in Norway. Lawyers who handle transnational matters will appreciate the book’s clear explanation of distinct terminology and application of rules. The structure follows the classical chapters of a handbook on civil procedure: beginning with the judicial organization of the courts, jurisdiction issues, a discussion of the various actions and claims, and then moving to a review of the proceedings as such. These general chapters are followed by a discussion of the incidents during proceedings, the legal aid and legal costs, and the regulation of evidence. There are chapters on seizure for security and enforcement of judgments, and a final section on alternative dispute resolution. Facts are presented in such a way that readers who are unfamiliar with specific terms and concepts in varying contexts will fully grasp their meaning and significance. Succinct, scholarly, and practical, this book will prove a valuable time-saving tool for business and legal professionals alike. Lawyers representing parties with interests in Norway will welcome this very useful guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its comparative value as a contribution to the study of civil procedure in the international context.
