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Lateral Hypothalamic Control Of Energy Balance
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Book Synopsis Lateral Hypothalamic Control of Energy Balance by : Gizem Kurt
Download or read book Lateral Hypothalamic Control of Energy Balance written by Gizem Kurt and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food and water are necessary for survival, but can only be obtained via ingestive behavior (feeding, drinking, and moving). Survival thus depends on the ability of the brain to coordinate the need for water and energy with appropriate behaviors to modify their intake as necessary for homeostasis. However, the balance of these behaviors also inherently determines body weight, and imbalances contribute to the development of weight disorders, such as obesity and anorexia nervosa. The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of the brain is anatomically positioned to coordinate the sensation of osmotic and energy status with goal-directed ingestive behaviors necessary to maintain homeostasis and body weight, and, hence, may hold insight into the potential treatment for energy balance disorders. This volume reviews the essential role of the LHA for the control of body weight, from its historical description as a "feeding center" to the current view of this LHA as a cellularly heterogeneous hub that regulates multiple aspects of physiology to influence body weight. Furthermore, we evaluate how specific LHA populations coordinate certain metabolic cues and behaviors, which may guide the development of pathway-specific interventions to improve the treatment of energy balance disorders.
Book Synopsis Role of Melanin Concentrating Hormone (MCH) Containing Neurons in the Lateral Hypothalamus in Cardiorespiratory Control and Energy Balance by : Ningjing Li
Download or read book Role of Melanin Concentrating Hormone (MCH) Containing Neurons in the Lateral Hypothalamus in Cardiorespiratory Control and Energy Balance written by Ningjing Li and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lateral hypothalamus is a brain region involved in the regulation of feeding, glucose homeostasis, sleep/wake cycle, and autonomic nervous system (ANS). Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) containing neurons, located in the lateral hypothalamus, project widely throughout the central nervous system, including the brain regions that are involved in central chemoreception, food intake, and sleep. These neurons also have multisynaptic connections with the phrenic motoneurons and the ANS. My overall hypothesis is that the lateral hypothalamus is a central chemoreceptor site and hypothalamic MCH neurons play a role in central chemoreception, cardiovascular control, and energy balance. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) electrodes were surgically implanted to record vigilance states. Arterial catheters were implanted for blood pressure and heart rate recordings. Whole body plethysmography was used to measure ventilation and metabolic rate while breathing in room air of 5% CO2. In the first series of experiments, reverse-microdialysis was used to focally deliver artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) equilibrated with 25% CO2 to perifornical-lateral hypothalamic area (PF-LHA) in conscious rats while breathing in room air. In the second series of experiments, siRNA was used to knock down the expression of the MCH precursor gene (pMCH) to lower the levels of MCH in the brain. In the third series of experiments, acute central injection of MCH was applied in the third ventricle. Focal acidification in the PF-LHA caused an increase in ventilation only during quiet wakefulness, suggesting that the PF-LHA functions as a central chemoreceptor site and does so in a vigilance-state dependent manner. Knockdown of the pMCH expression resulted in an increase in the ventilatory response to 5% CO2 only during quiet wakefulness, accompanied by an increased metabolic rate, a reduced body weight and glucose level, as well as a disturbed sleep-wake cycle. Central injection of MCH induced food and water intake and lowered metabolic rate and blood pressure. Overall, these results indicate that hypothalamic MCH neurons are involved in central chemoreception in wakefulness, and suggest that disturbance of their function could contribute to obesity and obesity-related breathing and metabolic disorders.
Book Synopsis The Role of Lateral Hypothalamic Neurotensin Neurons in Adaptive Energy Balance by : Juliette Anne Brown
Download or read book The Role of Lateral Hypothalamic Neurotensin Neurons in Adaptive Energy Balance written by Juliette Anne Brown and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Endocrinology of the Gut by : Frank P. Brooks
Download or read book Endocrinology of the Gut written by Frank P. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Metabolism in Rats with Lateral Hypothalamic Lesions by : Stephen Wynne Corbett
Download or read book Energy Metabolism in Rats with Lateral Hypothalamic Lesions written by Stephen Wynne Corbett and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Lateral Hypothalamus and Energy Balance, Facilitation and Inhibition of Perifornical Self-stimulation by Long- and Short-term Metabolic Signals by :
Download or read book The Lateral Hypothalamus and Energy Balance, Facilitation and Inhibition of Perifornical Self-stimulation by Long- and Short-term Metabolic Signals written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neuroanatomy of Neuroendocrine Systems by : Valery Grinevich
Download or read book Neuroanatomy of Neuroendocrine Systems written by Valery Grinevich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2023-02-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, experts in the field provide comprehensive descriptions of the neuroanatomy of the hypothalamic neuroendocrine systems. The book begins with an extensive discussion on the structural components of the neuroendocrine systems. The reader will be introduced to the anatomy and biology of the hypothalamus and the pituitary. The human hypothalamus is presented in particular detail using state-of-the-art imaging techniques. In the next section, the neuroanatomy of traditional hypothalamo-hypophyseal systems is highlighted, with chapters describing magnocellular neuroendocrine cells and discussing the respective types of hypothalamic neurons that regulate various pituitary hormones. Following this detailed structural and anatomical description of the neuroendocrine system, the book’s final section focuses on the hypothalamic control of neuroendocrine functions. This includes the control of circadian rhythm, metabolism and appetite via specific peptidergic circuits. This book provides essential information on the neuroanatomy and control of neuroendocrine systems, addresses cutting-edge research questions posed by recent advances in the development of potent neuroanatomical tools, and highlights the latest technologies used in neuroendocrinology research, making it a valuable reference guide for students, trainees and established researchers alike. This is the twelfth volume in the International Neuroendocrine Federation (INF) Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology series, which aims to illustrate the highest standards and to encourage the use of the latest technologies in basic and clinical research and hopes to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology. Chapter 12 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com
Book Synopsis Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus by : E. I. Sokolov
Download or read book Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus written by E. I. Sokolov and published by VSP. This book was released on 1997-04 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the result of the study of metabolic and hormonal disorders in patients suffering obesity and diabetes mellitus, focusing on mechanisms of formation of atherosclerotic changes in the myocardium and vessels in diabetes mellitus patient.
Book Synopsis Bariatric Endocrinology by : J. Michael Gonzalez-Campoy
Download or read book Bariatric Endocrinology written by J. Michael Gonzalez-Campoy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-26 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book – the first ever on bariatric endocrinology – is a comprehensive endocrine and metabolism approach to the diseases that result from excess fat mass accumulation and adipose tissue dysfunction. It takes an approach that places adipose tissue at the center of the clinical approach to patients, as opposed to the complications of adipose tissue accumulation and dysfunction, which has been the dominant approach to date. Initial chapters include discussion of adipose tissue physiology and pathophysiology (adiposopathy), hormonal, central nervous system, and gut microbiome regulation of energy balance and stores, and primary and secondary causes of adipose tissue weight gain. Subsequent chapters cover the evaluation and treatment of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hyperglycemic states, hypertension, neoplasia, and gonadal function in men and women. Management strategies, such as nutrition, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric procedures, round out the presentation. Each chapter is bookended by bullet-pointed clinical pearls at the beginning and a full reading list at the end. Written and edited by experts in the field of endocrinology and obesity management, Bariatric Endocrinology redefines practice to focus not just on weight loss as measured in pounds lost, but on adipose tissue mass and pathology, decreasing fat mass for adiposity-related diseases and returning adipose tissue to normal function.
Book Synopsis Gut Hormones by : Stephen Robert Bloom
Download or read book Gut Hormones written by Stephen Robert Bloom and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Orexin System. Basic Science and Role in Sleep Pathology by : M.A. Steiner
Download or read book The Orexin System. Basic Science and Role in Sleep Pathology written by M.A. Steiner and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2021-05-28 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The orexin system, discovered in 1998, has emerged as a crucial player in regulating the sleep and wake balance inside our brain. This discovery has sparked a burst of novel and dynamic research on the physiology and pathology of sleep. The Orexin System: Basic Science and Role in Sleep Pathology honors this research and the authors share their ideas and perspectives on the novel developments within the field. The book examines the intricate role of the orexin system in regulating sleep and wake, and its interaction with other wake-regulating systems. The orexin system is dissected at the cellular and molecular level to explore the diversity of the orexin-producing neurons, their projections, and their signaling pathways. Additionally, the book discusses the diseases which are associated with a dysfunctional orexin system, such as narcolepsy, insomnia, substance abuse, and Alzheimer’s disease, and explores the new potential therapeutic applications derived from the burst of research around this fascinating system. This publication is essential reading for neurobiologists, neurologists, psychopharmacologists, sleep researchers, and other researchers and clinical scientists interested in sleep, sleep research, insomnia, and medicine in general.
Book Synopsis Energy Balance in the Lateral Hypothalamically Lesioned Rat by : Stephen Wynne Corbett
Download or read book Energy Balance in the Lateral Hypothalamically Lesioned Rat written by Stephen Wynne Corbett and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fat Detection by : Jean-Pierre Montmayeur
Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se
Book Synopsis The Human Hypothalamus by : Bertalan Dudás
Download or read book The Human Hypothalamus written by Bertalan Dudás and published by Nova Biomedical Books. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hypothalamus is a particularly complex part of the brain; it represents only a fragment of the brain volume and yet it is considered as one the most important regions involved in maintaining homeostasis and in the resulting survival of the individual. Since most of the experimental data in the scientific literature are based on animal studies, there is an emerging need for a volume that provides a review of the current research and knowledge of the major hypothalamic functions in humans. This book is intended to tackle these functions and the ensuing morphological and pathological aspects in order to give the reader a cross section of the most recent data and major trends in the current hypothalamic research in a convenient, compact format.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Pain by : G.F. Gebhart
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Pain written by G.F. Gebhart and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Pain includes more than 3,000 entries and provides clear, detailed and up-to-date coverage of the current state of research, and treatment of pain. In addition, detailed essays provide in-depth information on all aspects of nociception and pain, including substrates, causes, pathophysiology, symptoms and signs, diagnoses and treatment. A thousand color figures enhance understanding of this too-little-understood topic. The book is available in print, in online only form, or in a print-online bundle.
Book Synopsis Textbook of Energy Balance, Neuropeptide Hormones, and Neuroendocrine Function by : Eduardo A. Nillni
Download or read book Textbook of Energy Balance, Neuropeptide Hormones, and Neuroendocrine Function written by Eduardo A. Nillni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-20 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hypocretins written by Luis De Lecea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-25 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first report that rapid eye movements occur in sleep in humans was published in 1953. The research journey from this point to the realization that sleep consists of two entirely independent states of being (eventually labeled REM sleep and non-REM sleep) was convoluted, but by 1960 the fundamental duality of sleep was well established including the description of REM sleep in cats associated with “wide awake” EEG patterns and EMG suppression. The first report linking REM sleep to a pathology occurred in 1961 and a clear association of sleep onset REM periods, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations and sleep paralysis was fully established by 1966. When a naïve individual happens to observe a full-blown cataplexy attack, it is both dramatic and unnerving. Usually the observer assumes that the loss of muscle tone represents syncope or seizure. In order to educate health professionals and the general public, Christian Guilleminault and I made movies of full-blown cataplectic episodes (not an easy task). We showed these movies of cataplexy attacks to a number of professional audiences, and were eventually rewarded with the report of a similar abrupt loss of muscle tone in a dog. We were able to bring the dog to Stanford University and with this as the trigger, we were able to develop the Stanford Canine Narcolepsy Colony. Breeding studies revealed the genetic determinants of canine narcolepsy, an autosomal recessive gene we termed canarc1. Emmanuel Mignot took over the colony in 1986 and began sequencing DNA, finally isolating canarc1 in 1999.
