Laser Induced Damage And Fracture In Fused Silica Vacuum Windows

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Laser Induced Damage and Fracture in Fused Silica Vacuum Windows

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Download or read book Laser Induced Damage and Fracture in Fused Silica Vacuum Windows written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-induced damage, that initiates catastrophic fracture, has been observed in large ((less-than or equal to)61 cm dia) fused silica lenses that also serve as vacuum barriers in Nova and Beamlet lasers. If the elastic stored energy in the lens is high enough, the lens will fracture into many pieces (implosion). Three parameters control the degree of fracture in the vacuum barrier window: elastic stored energy (tensile stress), ratio of window thickness to flaw depth, and secondary crack propagation. Fracture experiments were conducted on 15-cm dia fused silica windows that contain surface flaws caused by laser damage. Results, combined with window failure data on Beamlet and Nova, were used to develop design criteria for a ''fail-safe'' lens (that may catastrophically fracture but not implode). Specifically, the window must be made thick enough so that the peak tensile stress is less than 500 psi (3.4 MPa) and the thickness/critical flaw size is less than 6. The air leak through the window fracture and into the vacuum must be rapid enough to reduce the load on the window before secondary crack growth occurs. Finite element stress calculations of a window before and immediately following fracture into two pieces show that the elastic stored energy is redistributed if the fragments ''lock'' in place and thereby bridge the opening. In such cases, the peak stresses at the flaw site can increase, leading to further (i.e. secondary) crack growth.

Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Download or read book Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Download or read book Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Indici degli atti dei colloqui I-X, Parte III.-Indici analitici dei temi decorativi, tipologie compositive, motivi geometrici, figurati, architettonici e realia

Download Indici degli atti dei colloqui I-X, Parte III.-Indici analitici dei temi decorativi, tipologie compositive, motivi geometrici, figurati, architettonici e realia PDF Online Free

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis Indici degli atti dei colloqui I-X, Parte III.-Indici analitici dei temi decorativi, tipologie compositive, motivi geometrici, figurati, architettonici e realia by :

Download or read book Indici degli atti dei colloqui I-X, Parte III.-Indici analitici dei temi decorativi, tipologie compositive, motivi geometrici, figurati, architettonici e realia written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Download or read book Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ultra-violet Laser Damage in Fused Silica

Author : Alberto Salleo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Ultra-violet Laser Damage in Fused Silica by : Alberto Salleo

Download or read book Ultra-violet Laser Damage in Fused Silica written by Alberto Salleo and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Laser-induced Damage of Fused Silica at 355 and 1065 Nm Initiated at Aluminum Contamination Particles on the Surface

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser-induced Damage of Fused Silica at 355 and 1065 Nm Initiated at Aluminum Contamination Particles on the Surface by :

Download or read book Laser-induced Damage of Fused Silica at 355 and 1065 Nm Initiated at Aluminum Contamination Particles on the Surface written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1-[mu]m thick circular dots, 10-250[mu]m dia, were deposited onto 1.14 cm thick fused silica windows by sputtering Al through a mask. Al shavings were also deposited on the windows to investigate effects of particle-substrate adhesion. The silica windows were then illuminated repetitively using a 3-ns, 355 nm and an 8.6-ns, 1064 nm laser. The tests were conducted at near normal incidence with particles on input and output surfaces of the windows. During the first shot, a plasma ignited at the metal particle and damage initiated on the fused silica surface. The morphology of the damage at the metal dots were reproducible but different for input and output surface contamination. For input surface contamination, minor damage occurred where the particle was located; such damage ceased to grow with the removal of contaminant material. More serious damage (pits and cracks) was initiated on the output surface (especially at 355 nm) and grew to catastrophic proportions after few shots. Output surface contaminants were usually ejected on the initial shot, leaving a wave pattern on the surface. No further damage occurred with subsequent shots unless a shot (usually the first shot) cracked the surface; such behavior was mostly observed at 355 nm and occasionally for large shavings at 1064 nm. The size of the damaged area scaled with the size of the particle (except when catastrophic damage occurred). Onset of catastrophic damage on output surface occurred only when particles exceeded a critical size. Damage behavior of the sputtered dots was found to be qualitatively similar to that of the shavings. The artificial contamination technique accelerated the study by allowing better control of the test conditions.

Opto-Mechanical Systems Design, Volume 1

Author : Paul Yoder
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482257718
Total Pages : 770 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Opto-Mechanical Systems Design, Volume 1 by : Paul Yoder

Download or read book Opto-Mechanical Systems Design, Volume 1 written by Paul Yoder and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Opto-Mechanical Systems Design, Fourth Edition is different in many ways from its three earlier editions: coauthor Daniel Vukobratovich has brought his broad expertise in materials, opto-mechanical design, analysis of optical instruments, large mirrors, and structures to bear throughout the book; Jan Nijenhuis has contributed a comprehensive new chapter on kinematics and applications of flexures; and several other experts in special aspects of opto-mechanics have contributed portions of other chapters. An expanded feature—a total of 110 worked-out design examples—has been added to several chapters to show how the theory, equations, and analytical methods can be applied by the reader. Finally, the extended text, new illustrations, new tables of data, and new references have warranted publication of this work in the form of two separate but closely entwined volumes. This first volume, Design and Analysis of Opto-Mechanical Assemblies, addresses topics pertaining primarily to optics smaller than 50 cm aperture. It summarizes the opto-mechanical design process, considers pertinent environmental influences, lists and updates key parameters for materials, illustrates numerous ways for mounting individual and multiple lenses, shows typical ways to design and mount windows and similar components, details designs for many types of prisms and techniques for mounting them, suggests designs and mounting techniques for small mirrors, explains the benefits of kinematic design and uses of flexures, describes how to analyze various types of opto-mechanical interfaces, demonstrates how the strength of glass can be determined and how to estimate stress generated in optics, and explains how changing temperature affects opto-mechanical assemblies.

Laser-induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1998

Author : Gregory J. Exarhos
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780819430458
Total Pages : 856 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser-induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1998 by : Gregory J. Exarhos

Download or read book Laser-induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1998 written by Gregory J. Exarhos and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

High-power Laser Damage in Fused Silica

Author : Alberto Salleo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis High-power Laser Damage in Fused Silica by : Alberto Salleo

Download or read book High-power Laser Damage in Fused Silica written by Alberto Salleo and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Laser Damage Precursors in Fused Silica

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Download or read book Laser Damage Precursors in Fused Silica written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a longstanding, and largely unexplained, correlation between the laser damage susceptibility of optical components and both the surface quality of the optics, and the presence of near surface fractures in an optic. In the present work, a combination of acid leaching, acid etching, and confocal time resolved photoluminescence (CTP) microscopy has been used to study laser damage initiation at indentation sites. The combination of localized polishing and variations in indentation loads allows one to isolate and characterize the laser damage susceptibility of densified, plastically flowed and fractured fused silica. The present results suggest that: (1) laser damage initiation and growth are strongly correlated with fracture surfaces, while densified and plastically flowed material is relatively benign, and (2) fracture events result in the formation of an electronically defective rich surface layer which promotes energy transfer from the optical beam to the glass matrix.

Opto-Mechanical Systems Design, Two Volume Set

Author : Paul Yoder
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439839786
Total Pages : 1672 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Opto-Mechanical Systems Design, Two Volume Set by : Paul Yoder

Download or read book Opto-Mechanical Systems Design, Two Volume Set written by Paul Yoder and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 1672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Opto-Mechanical Systems Design, Fourth Edition is different in many ways from its three earlier editions: coauthor Daniel Vukobratovich has brought his broad expertise in materials, opto-mechanical design, analysis of optical instruments, large mirrors, and structures to bear throughout the book; Jan Nijenhuis has contributed a comprehensive new chapter on kinematics and applications of flexures; and several other experts in special aspects of opto-mechanics have contributed portions of other chapters. An expanded feature—a total of 110 worked-out design examples—has been added to several chapters to show how the theory, equations, and analytical methods can be applied by the reader. Finally, the extended text, new illustrations, new tables of data, and new references have warranted publication of this work in the form of two separate but closely entwined volumes. The first volume, Design and Analysis of Opto-Mechanical Assemblies, addresses topics pertaining primarily to optics smaller than 50 cm aperture. It summarizes the opto-mechanical design process, considers pertinent environmental influences, lists and updates key parameters for materials, illustrates numerous ways for mounting individual and multiple lenses, shows typical ways to design and mount windows and similar components, details designs for many types of prisms and techniques for mounting them, suggests designs and mounting techniques for small mirrors, explains the benefits of kinematic design and uses of flexures, describes how to analyze various types of opto-mechanical interfaces, demonstrates how the strength of glass can be determined and how to estimate stress generated in optics, and explains how changing temperature affects opto-mechanical assemblies. The second volume, Design and Analysis of Large Mirrors and Structures, concentrates on the design and mounting of significantly larger optics and their structures, including a new and important topic: detailed consideration of factors affecting large mirror performance. The book details how to design and fabricate very large single-substrate, segmented, and lightweight mirrors; describes mountings for large mirrors with their optical axes in vertical, horizontal, and variable orientations; indicates how metal and composite mirrors differ from ones made of glass; explains key design aspects of optical instrument structural design; and takes a look at an emerging technology—the evolution and applications of silicon and silicon carbide in mirrors and other types of components for optical applications.

Fracture Induced Sub-Band Absorption as a Precursor to Optical Damage on Fused Silica Surfaces

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Fracture Induced Sub-Band Absorption as a Precursor to Optical Damage on Fused Silica Surfaces by :

Download or read book Fracture Induced Sub-Band Absorption as a Precursor to Optical Damage on Fused Silica Surfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The optical damage threshold of indentation induced flaws on fused silica surfaces was explored. Mechanical flaws were characterized by laser damaged testing, SEM, optical, and photoluminescence microscopy. Localized polishing, chemical etching, and the control of indentation morphology were used to isolate the structural features which limit optical damage. A thin defect layer on fracture surfaces, including those smaller than the wavelength of visible light, was found to be the dominant source of laser damage initiation during illumination with 355nm, 3ns laser pulses. Little evidence was found that either displaced or densified material or fluence intensification plays a significant role in optical damage at fluences>35J/cm2. Elimination of the defect layer was shown to increase the overall damage performance of fused silica optics.

Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials

Author : Detlev Ristau
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439872171
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials by : Detlev Ristau

Download or read book Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials written by Detlev Ristau and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dedicated to users and developers of high-powered systems, Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials focuses on the research field of laser-induced damage and explores the significant and steady growth of applications for high-power lasers in the academic, industrial, and military arenas. Written by renowned experts in the field, this book concentr

Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials, 1978

Author : Alexander J. Glass
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials, 1978 by : Alexander J. Glass

Download or read book Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials, 1978 written by Alexander J. Glass and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Applied Optics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 890 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Applied Optics by :

Download or read book Applied Optics written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Laser-induced Damage Initiated on the Surface of Particle Contamination Fused Silica at 1064nm

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser-induced Damage Initiated on the Surface of Particle Contamination Fused Silica at 1064nm by :

Download or read book Laser-induced Damage Initiated on the Surface of Particle Contamination Fused Silica at 1064nm written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study was undertaken to quantify the effects of contamination particles on the damage threshold of laser-illuminated fused silica optics and set cleanliness requirements for optics on the beam line of the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Circular contamination particles were sputter-deposited onto fused silica windows which were then illuminated repetitively using a 1064nm laser. A variety of contaminants were tested including metals, oxides, and organics. Tests were conducted with particles on the input and output surfaces of the window, and the morphological features of the damage were very reproducible. A plasma often ignited at the contamination particle; its intensity was dependent upon the mass of the contaminant. Input surface damage was characteristically more severe than output surface damage. The size of the damaged area scaled with the size of the particle. On a few occasions, catastrophic damage (cracking or ablation of the substrate) initiated on the output surface due to contamination particles on either the input or output surface. From damage growth plots, predictions can be made about the severity of damage expected from contamination particles of known size and material.