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Large Scale Impact Of Co2 Storage In Deep Saline Aquifers
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Book Synopsis Large-scale Impact of CO2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers by :
Download or read book Large-scale Impact of CO2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large volumes of CO2 captured from carbon emitters (such as coal-fired power plants) may be stored in deep saline aquifers as a means of mitigating climate change. Storing these additional fluids may cause pressure changes and displacement of native brines, affecting subsurface volumes that can be significantly larger than the CO2 plume itself. This study aimed at determining the three-dimensional region of influence during/after injection of CO2 and evaluating the possible implications for shallow groundwater resources, with particular focus on the effects of interlayer communication through low-permeability seals. To address these issues quantitatively, we conducted numerical simulations that provide a basic understanding of the large-scale flow and pressure conditions in response to industrial-scale CO2 injection into a laterally open saline aquifer. The model domain included an idealized multilayered groundwater system, with a sequence of aquifers and aquitards (sealing units) extending from the deep saline storage formation to the uppermost freshwater aquifer. Both the local CO2-brine flow around the single injection site and the single-phase water flow (with salinity changes) in the region away from the CO2 plume were simulated. Our simulation results indicate considerable pressure buildup in the storage formation more than 100 km away from the injection zone, whereas the lateral distance migration of brine is rather small. In the vertical direction, the pressure perturbation from CO2 storage may reach shallow groundwater resources only if the deep storage formation communicates with the shallow aquifers through sealing units of relatively high permeabilities (higher than 10 x 18 m2). Vertical brine migration through a sequence of layers into shallow groundwater bodies is extremely unlikely. Overall, large-scale pressure changes appear to be of more concern to groundwater resources than changes in water quality caused by the migration of displaced saline water.
Book Synopsis Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations by : Pania Newell
Download or read book Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations written by Pania Newell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations: Process Coupling across Time and Spatial Scales summarizes state-of-the-art research, emphasizing how the coupling of physical and chemical processes as subsurface systems re-equilibrate during and after the injection of CO2. In addition, it addresses, in an easy-to-follow way, the lack of knowledge in understanding the coupled processes related to fluid flow, geomechanics and geochemistry over time and spatial scales. The book uniquely highlights process coupling and process interplay across time and spatial scales that are relevant to geological carbon storage.
Book Synopsis Geological Storage of CO2 in Deep Saline Formations by : Auli Niemi
Download or read book Geological Storage of CO2 in Deep Saline Formations written by Auli Niemi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-24 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers readers a comprehensive overview, and an in-depth understanding, of suitable methods for quantifying and characterizing saline aquifers for the geological storage of CO2. It begins with a general overview of the methodology and the processes that take place when CO2 is injected and stored in deep saline-water-containing formations. It subsequently presents mathematical and numerical models used for predicting the consequences of CO2 injection. This book provides descriptions of relevant experimental methods, from laboratory experiments to field scale site characterization and techniques for monitoring spreading of the injected CO2 within the formation. Experiences from a number of important field injection projects are reviewed, as are those from CO2 natural analog sites. Lastly, the book presents relevant risk management methods. Geological storage of CO2 is widely considered to be a key technology capable of substantially reducing the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere, thereby reducing the negative impacts of such releases on the global climate. Around the world, projects are already in full swing, while others are now being initiated and executed to demonstrate the technology. Deep saline formations are the geological formations considered to hold the highest storage potential, due to their abundance worldwide. To date, however, these formations have been relatively poorly characterized, due to their low economic value. Accordingly, the processes involved in injecting and storing CO2 in such formations still need to be better quantified and methods for characterizing, modeling and monitoring this type of CO2 storage in such formations must be rapidly developed and refined.
Book Synopsis Numerical Models for Evaluating CO2 Storage in Deep, Saline Aquifers by : Sarah E. Gasda
Download or read book Numerical Models for Evaluating CO2 Storage in Deep, Saline Aquifers written by Sarah E. Gasda and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geological Carbon Storage by : Stéphanie Vialle
Download or read book Geological Carbon Storage written by Stéphanie Vialle and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological Carbon Storage Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity Seals and caprocks are an essential component of subsurface hydrogeological systems, guiding the movement and entrapment of hydrocarbon and other fluids. Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity offers a survey of the wealth of recent scientific work on caprock integrity with a focus on the geological controls of permanent and safe carbon dioxide storage, and the commercial deployment of geological carbon storage. Volume highlights include: Low-permeability rock characterization from the pore scale to the core scale Flow and transport properties of low-permeability rocks Fundamentals of fracture generation, self-healing, and permeability Coupled geochemical, transport and geomechanical processes in caprock Analysis of caprock behavior from natural analogues Geochemical and geophysical monitoring techniques of caprock failure and integrity Potential environmental impacts of carbon dioxide migration on groundwater resources Carbon dioxide leakage mitigation and remediation techniques Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity is an invaluable resource for geoscientists from academic and research institutions with interests in energy and environment-related problems, as well as professionals in the field. Book Review: William R. Green, Patrick Taylor, Sven Treitel, and Moritz Fliedner, (2020), "Reviews," The Leading Edge 39: 214–216 Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity, edited by Stéphanie Vialle, Jonathan Ajo-Franklin, and J. William Carey, ISBN 978-1-119-11864-0, 2018, American Geophysical Union and Wiley, 364 p., US$199.95 (print), US$159.99 (eBook). This volume is a part of the AGU/Wiley Geophysical Monograph Series. The editors assembled an international team of earth scientists who present a comprehensive approach to the major problem of placing unwanted and/or hazardous fluids beneath a cap rock seal to be impounded. The compact and informative preface depicts the nature of cap rocks and the problems that may occur over time or with a change in the formation of the cap rock. I have excerpted a quote from the preface that describes the scope of the volume in a concise and thorough matter. “Caprocks can be defined as a rock that prevents the flow of a given fluid at certain temperature, pressure, and chemical conditions. ... A fundamental understanding of these units and of their evolution over time in the context of subsurface carbon storage is still lacking.” This volume describes the scope of current research being conducted on a global scale, with 31 of the 83 authors working outside of the United States. The studies vary but can be generalized as monitoring techniques for cap rock integrity and the consequence of the loss of that integrity. The preface ends by calling out important problems that remain to be answered. These include imaging cap rocks in situ, detecting subsurface leaks before they reach the surface, and remotely examining the state of the cap rock to avert any problems. Chapter 3 describes how newer methods are used to classify shale. These advanced techniques reveal previously unknown microscopic properties that complicate classification. This is an example of the more we know, the more we don't know. A sedimentologic study of the formation of shale (by far the major sedimentary rock and an important rock type) is described in Chapter 4. The authors use diagrammatic examples to illustrate how cap rocks may fail through imperfect seal between the drill and wall rock, capillary action, or a structural defect (fault). Also, the shale pore structures vary in size, and this affects the reservoir. There are descriptions of the pore structure in the Eagle Ford and Marcellus shales and several others. Pore structures are analyzed using state-of-the-art ultra-small-angle X-ray or neutron scattering. They determine that the overall porosity decreases nonlinearly with time. There are examples of cap rock performance under an array of diagnostic laboratory analyses and geologic field examples (e.g., Marcellus Formation). The importance of the sequestration of CO2 and other contaminants highlights the significance of this volume. The previous and following chapters illuminate the life history of the lithologic reservoir seal. I would like to call out Chapter 14 in which the authors illustrate the various mechanisms by which a seal can fail and Chapter 15 in which the authors address the general problems of the effect of CO2 sequestration on the environment. They establish a field test, consisting of a trailer and large tank of fluids with numerous monitoring instruments to replicate the effect of a controlled release of CO2-saturated water into a shallow aquifer. This chapter's extensive list of references will be of interest to petroleum engineers, rock mechanics, and environmentalists. The authors of this volume present a broad view of the underground storage of CO2. Nuclear waste and hydrocarbons are also considered for underground storage. There are laboratory, field, and in situ studies covering nearly all aspects of this problem. I cannot remember a study in which so many different earth science resources were applied to a single problem. The span of subjects varies from traditional geochemical analysis with the standard and latest methods in infrared and X-ray techniques, chemical and petroleum engineering, sedimentary mineralogy, hydrology, and geomechanical studies. This volume is essential to anyone working in this field as it brings several disciplines together to produce a comprehensive study of carbon sequestration. While the volume is well illustrated, there is a lack of color figures. Each chapter should have at least two color figures, or there should be several pages of color figures bound in the center of the volume. Many of the figures would be more meaningful if they had been rendered in color. Also, the acronyms are defined in the individual chapters, but it would be helpful to have a list of acronyms after the extensive index. I recommend this monograph to all earth scientists but especially petroleum engineers, structural geologists, mineralogists, and environmental scientists. Since these chapters cover a broad range of studies, it would be best if the reader has a broad background. — Patrick Taylor Davidsonville, Maryland
Book Synopsis Geological Storage of CO2 by : Jan Martin Nordbotten
Download or read book Geological Storage of CO2 written by Jan Martin Nordbotten and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-24 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the large research effort in both public and commercial companies, no textbook has yet been written on this subject. This book aims to provide an overview to the topic of Carbon Capture and Storage (CSS), while at the same time focusing on the dominant processes and the mathematical and numerical methods that need to be employed in order to analyze the relevant systems. The book clearly states the carbon problem and the role of CCS and carbon storage. Thereafter, it provides an introduction to single phase and multi-phase flow in porous media, including some of the most common mathematical analysis and an overview of numerical methods for the equations. A considerable part of the book discusses the appropriate scales of modeling, and how to formulate consistent governing equations at these scales. The book also illustrates real world data sets and how the ideas in the book can be exploited through combinations of analytical and numerical approaches.
Book Synopsis Geologic Carbon Sequestration by : V. Vishal
Download or read book Geologic Carbon Sequestration written by V. Vishal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exclusive compilation written by eminent experts from more than ten countries, outlines the processes and methods for geologic sequestration in different sinks. It discusses and highlights the details of individual storage types, including recent advances in the science and technology of carbon storage. The topic is of immense interest to geoscientists, reservoir engineers, environmentalists and researchers from the scientific and industrial communities working on the methodologies for carbon dioxide storage. Increasing concentrations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are often held responsible for the rising temperature of the globe. Geologic sequestration prevents atmospheric release of the waste greenhouse gases by storing them underground for geologically significant periods of time. The book addresses the need for an understanding of carbon reservoir characteristics and behavior. Other book volumes on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) attempt to cover the entire process of CCUS, but the topic of geologic sequestration is not discussed in detail. This book focuses on the recent trends and up-to-date information on different storage rock types, ranging from deep saline aquifers to coal to basaltic formations.
Book Synopsis Development of Science-Based Permitting Guidance for Geological Sequestration of CO2 in Deep Saline Aquifers Based on Modeling and Risk Assessment by :
Download or read book Development of Science-Based Permitting Guidance for Geological Sequestration of CO2 in Deep Saline Aquifers Based on Modeling and Risk Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underground carbon storage may become one of the solutions to address global warming. However, to have an impact, carbon storage must be done at a much larger scale than current CO2 injection operations for enhanced oil recovery. It must also include injection into saline aquifers. An important characteristic of CO2 is its strong buoyancy--storage must be guaranteed to be sufficiently permanent to satisfy the very reason that CO2 is injected. This long-term aspect (hundreds to thousands of years) is not currently captured in legislation, even if the U.S. has a relatively well-developed regulatory framework to handle carbon storage, especially in the operational short term. This report proposes a hierarchical approach to permitting in which the State/Federal Government is responsible for developing regional assessments, ranking potential sites (''General Permit'') and lessening the applicant's burden if the general area of the chosen site has been ranked more favorably. The general permit would involve determining in the regional sense structural (closed structures), stratigraphic (heterogeneity), and petrophysical (flow parameters such as residual saturation) controls on the long-term fate of geologically sequestered CO2. The state-sponsored regional studies and the subsequent local study performed by the applicant will address the long-term risk of the particular site. It is felt that a performance-based approach rather than a prescriptive approach is the most appropriate framework in which to address public concerns. However, operational issues for each well (equivalent to the current underground injection control-UIC-program) could follow regulations currently in place. Area ranking will include an understanding of trapping modes. Capillary (due to residual saturation) and structural (due to local geological configuration) trappings are two of the four mechanisms (the other two are solubility and mineral trappings), which are the most relevant to the time scale of interest. The most likely pathways for leakage, if any, are wells and faults. We favor a defense-in-depth approach, in which storage permanence does not rely upon a primary seal only but assumes that any leak can be contained by geologic processes before impacting mineral resources, fresh ground water, or ground surface. We examined the Texas Gulf Coast as an example of an attractive target for carbon storage. Stacked sand-shale layers provide large potential storage volumes and defense-in-depth leakage protection. In the Texas Gulf Coast, the best way to achieve this goal is to establish the primary injection level below the total depth of most wells (>2,400 m-8,000 ft). In addition, most faults, particularly growth faults, present at the primary injection level do not reach the surface. A potential methodology, which includes an integrated approach comprising the whole chain of potential events from leakage from the primary site to atmospheric impacts, is also presented. It could be followed by the State/Federal Government, as well as by the operators.
Book Synopsis Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations by : Pania Newell
Download or read book Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations written by Pania Newell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations: Process Coupling across Time and Spatial Scales summarizes state-of-the-art research, emphasizing how the coupling of physical and chemical processes as subsurface systems re-equilibrate during and after the injection of CO2. In addition, it addresses, in an easy-to-follow way, the lack of knowledge in understanding the coupled processes related to fluid flow, geomechanics and geochemistry over time and spatial scales. The book uniquely highlights process coupling and process interplay across time and spatial scales that are relevant to geological carbon storage. Includes the underlying scientific research, as well as the risks associated with geological carbon storage Covers the topic of geological carbon storage from various disciplines, addressing the multi-scale and multi-physics aspects of geological carbon storage Organized by discipline for ease of navigation
Book Synopsis Uncertainty Analysis of Carbon Sequestration in an Inclined Deep Saline Aquifer by : Guang Yang
Download or read book Uncertainty Analysis of Carbon Sequestration in an Inclined Deep Saline Aquifer written by Guang Yang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geologic Carbon Sequestration (GCS) is a proposed means to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ). In Wyoming, GCS is proposed for the Nugget Sandstone, an eolian sandstone exhibiting permeability heterogeneity. Using subsets of static site characterization data, this study builds a suite of increasingly complex geologic model families for the Nugget Sandstone in the Wyoming Overthrust Belt, which is an inclined deep saline aquifer. These models include: a homogeneous model (FAM1), a stationary geostatistical facies model with constant petrophyscial properties in each facies (FAM2a), a stationary geostatistical petrophysical model (FAM2b), a stationary facies model with sub-facies petrophysical variability (FAM3), and a non-stationary facies model (with sub-facies variability) conditioned to soft data (FAM4). These families, representing increasingly sophisticated conceptual models built with increasing amounts of site data, were simulated with the same CO2 injection test (50-year duration at ~1/3 Mt per year), followed by a 2000-year monitoring phase. Based on the Design of Experiment (DOE), an efficient sensitivity analysis (SA) is conducted for all model families, systematically varying uncertain input parameters, while assuming identical production scenario (i.e., well configuration, rate, BHP constraint) and boundary condition (i.e., model is part of a larger semi-infinite system where the injected gas can flow out). Results are compared among the families at different time scales to identify parameters that have first order impact on select simulation outcomes. For predicting CO2 storage ratio (SR) and brine leakage, at both time scales (i.e., end of injection and end of monitoring), more geologic factors are revealed to be important as model complexity is increased, while the importance of engineering factors is simultaneously diminished. In predicting each of the trapped and dissolved gases, when model is of greater complexity, more geologic factors are identified as important with increasing time. This effect, however, cannot be revealed by simpler models. Based on results of the SA, a response surface (RS) analysis is conducted next to generate prediction envelopes of the outcomes which are further compared among the model families. Results suggest a large uncertainty range in the SR given the uncertainties of the parameter and modeling choices. At the end of injection, SR ranges from 0.18 to 0.38; at the end of monitoring, SR ranges from 0.71 to 0.98. In predicting the SR, during the entire simulation time, uncertainty ranges of FAM2b, FAM3, and FAM4 are larger than those of FAM1 and FAM2a, since the former models incorporate more geological complexities. The uncertainty range also changes with time and with the model families. By the end of injection, prediction envelops of all families are more or less similar. Over this shorter time scale, where heterogeneities near the injection site are not significantly different among the different model representations, simpler models can capture the uncertainty in the predicted SR. During the monitoring phase, prediction envelope of each family deviates gradually from one another, reflecting the different (evolving) large scale heterogeneity experienced by each family as plume migrates and grows continuously. Compared to FAM4 (i.e., the most sophisticated model), all other families estimate higher mean SRs. The lesser the amount of site data are incorporated (i.e., lesser geological complexities), the greater the estimated mean SR. In terms of magnitude and range of the uncertainty, prediction envelop of FAM3 is the closest to that of FAM4, while FAM2b's uncertainty range is the largest and FAM1 and FAM2a's ranges are small. Finally, end-member gas plume footprint for each family is established from results of the RS designs (i.e., corresponding to SR minimum, median, and maximum). For FAM1 and FAM2a, at each time scale inspected, the end-member gas plume footprints are not as drastically different as in FAM2b, 3, and 4, since their SR uncertainty range is comparatively small. However, for families of greater geological complexity (i.e., FAM2b, FAM3, and FAM4), the differences are much more significant: gas plume of minimum SR sits around the wellbore and doesn't migrate far, while gas plume of maximum SR migrates a great distance from the wellbore. To summarize, geologic factors and associated conceptual model uncertainty can dominate the uncertainty in predicting SR, brine leakage, and plume footprint. At the study site, better characterization of geologic data such as porosity-permeability transform and facies correlation structure, can lead to significantly reduced uncertainty in predictions. Given the current uncertainty in parameters and modeling choices, CO2 plume predicted by the majority of the simulation runs is either trapped near the injection site (e.g., due to low formation permeability and its heterogeneity) or is gravity-stable under conditions of higher permeability and lower temperature gradient, suggesting a low leakage risk. The inclined Nugget Sandstone at the study site appears to be a viable candidate for safe GCS in this region.
Book Synopsis Migration and Trapping of Carbon Dioxide in Saline Aquifers by : Christopher William MacMinn
Download or read book Migration and Trapping of Carbon Dioxide in Saline Aquifers written by Christopher William MacMinn and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitigation of climate change requires a reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide (C0 2) emissions. One promising tool for achieving this is the large-scale injection of CO2 into deep saline aquifers. After injection, upward leakage of the CO2 is a primary concern because it will be buoyant relative to the ambient groundwater and, as a result, will rise toward the top of the aquifer and may migrate laterally away from the injection site. To assess leakage risks and estimate aquifer capacity requires an accurate understanding of the subsurface migration and trapping of the buoyant C0 2; however, many aspects of the fundamental physics of CO 2 migration and trapping are not fully understood, and traditional reservoir-simulation tools are currently unable to resolve the impact of small-scale trapping processes on these large-scale fluid flows. In this Thesis, we develop a simple gravity-current model for the post-injection migration and trapping of a buoyant plume of CO2 in a confined, sloping saline aquifer with a natural groundwater through-flow. We include both residual trapping, where small blobs of CO 2 are immobilized by capillarity along the trailing edge of the plume, and solubility trapping driven by convective dissolution, where CO2 dissolves into the groundwater and sinks downward in dense, C0 2-rich fingers. Although idealized, this model offers physical insight into the processes controlling CO 2 migration and trapping, and is not limited by computational resources. We derive solutions to the model in several limiting cases, and we use these solutions to study the interplay between slope and groundwater flow, and the competition between residual and solubility trapping. We validate the model against laboratory analog experiments, finding good agreement between the experimental results and the predictions of the model. We then use the experiments to study the small-scale dynamics of the convective-dissolution instability: the formation, descent, and coarsening of the fingers. Finally, we use the model to study the migration and trapping of CO 2 in the Mt. Simon Sandstone, a large deep saline aquifer in the Midwestern United States that is considered to be a promising candidate for geological CO 2 storage.
Book Synopsis Storage Capacity and Injection Rate Estimates for CO2 Sequestration in Deep Saline Aquifers in the Conterminous United States by : Michael Lawrence Szulczewski
Download or read book Storage Capacity and Injection Rate Estimates for CO2 Sequestration in Deep Saline Aquifers in the Conterminous United States written by Michael Lawrence Szulczewski and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A promising method to mitigate global warming is injecting CO2 into deep saline aquifers. In order to ensure the safety of this method, it is necessary to understand how much CO2 can be injected into an aquifer and at what rate. Since offsetting nationwide emissions requires storing very large quantities of CO2, these properties must be understood at the large scale of geologic basins. In this work, we develop simple models of storage capacity and injection rate at the basin scale. We develop a storage capacity model that calculates how much CO2 an aquifer can store based on how the plume of injected CO2 migrates. We also develop an injection rate model that calculates the maximum rate at which CO2 can be injected into an aquifer based on the pressure rise in the aquifer. We use these models to estimate storage capacities and maximum injection rates for a variety of reservoirs throughout the United States, and compare the results to predicted emissions from coal-burning power plants over the next twenty-five years and fifty years. Our results suggest that the United States has enough storage capacity to sequester all of the CO2 emitted from coal-burning plants over the next 25 years. Furthermore, our results indicate that CO2 can be sequestered at the same rate it is emitted for this time period without fracturing the aquifers. For emissions over the next 50 years, however, the results are less clear: while the United States will likely have enough capacity, maintaining sufficiently high injection rates could be problematic.
Book Synopsis Carbon Sequestration Atlas of the United States and Canada by :
Download or read book Carbon Sequestration Atlas of the United States and Canada written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) by : J Gluyas
Download or read book Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) written by J Gluyas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-11-23 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological storage and sequestration of carbon dioxide, in saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas fields or unminable coal seams, represents one of the most important processes for reducing humankind’s emissions of greenhouse gases. Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). Part one provides an overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2. Chapters discuss anthropogenic climate change and the role of CCS, the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2, the monitoring of geological storage of CO2, and the role of pressure in CCS. Chapters in part two move on to explore the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and public engagement in projects, and the legal framework for CCS. Finally, part three focuses on a variety of different projects and includes case studies of offshore CO2 storage at Sleipner natural gas field beneath the North Sea, the CO2CRC Otway Project in Australia, on-shore CO2 storage at the Ketzin pilot site in Germany, and the K12-B CO2 injection project in the Netherlands. Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a comprehensive resource for geoscientists and geotechnical engineers and academics and researches interested in the field. Reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) An overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2 discussing the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2 among other subjects Explores the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and the legal framework for CCS
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309484529 Total Pages :511 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.
Book Synopsis PVT and Phase Behaviour Of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids by : Ali Danesh
Download or read book PVT and Phase Behaviour Of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids written by Ali Danesh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-05-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on PVT and Phase Behaviour Of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids is volume 47 in the Developments in Petroleum Science series. The chapters in the book are: Phase Behaviour Fundamentals, PVT Tests and Correlations, Phase Equilibria, Equations of State, Phase Behaviour Calculations, Fluid Characterisation, Gas Injection, Interfacial Tension, and Application in Reservoir Simulation.
Book Synopsis Aquifer Management for CO2 Sequestration by : Abhishek Anchliya
Download or read book Aquifer Management for CO2 Sequestration written by Abhishek Anchliya and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Storage of carbon dioxide is being actively considered for the reduction of green house gases. To make an impact on the environment CO2 should be put away on the scale of gigatonnes per annum. The storage capacity of deep saline aquifers is estimated to be as high as 1,000 gigatonnes of CO2.(IPCC). Published reports on the potential for sequestration fail to address the necessity of storing CO2 in a closed system. This work addresses issues related to sequestration of CO2 in closed aquifers and the risk associated with aquifer pressurization. Through analytical modeling we show that the required volume for storage and the number of injection wells required are more than what has been envisioned, which renders geologic sequestration of CO2 a profoundly nonfeasible option for the management of CO2 emissions unless brine is produced to create voidage and pressure relief. The results from our analytical model match well with a numerical reservoir simulator including the multiphase physics of CO2 sequestration. Rising aquifer pressurization threatens the seal integrity and poses a risk of CO2 leakage. Hence, monitoring the long-term integrity of CO2 storage reservoirs will be a critical aspect for making geologic sequestration a safe, effective and acceptable method for greenhouse gas control. Verification of long-term CO2 residence in receptor formations and quantification of possible CO2 leaks are required for developing a risk assessment framework. Important aspects of pressure falloff tests for CO2 storage reservoirs are discussed with a focus on reservoir pressure monitoring and leakage detection. The importance of taking regular pressure falloffs for a commercial sequestration project and how this can help in diagnosing an aquifer leak will be discussed. The primary driver for leakage in bulk phase injection is the buoyancy of CO2 under typical deep reservoir conditions. Free-phase CO2 below the top seal is prone to leak if a breach happens in the top seal. Consequently, another objective of this research is to propose a way to engineer the CO2 injection system in order to accelerate CO2 dissolution and trapping. The engineered system eliminates the buoyancy-driven accumulation of free gas and avoids aquifer pressurization by producing brine out of the system. Simulations for 30 years of CO2 injection followed by 1,000 years of natural gradient show how CO2 can be securely and safely stored in a relatively smaller closed aquifer volume and with a greater storage potential. The engineered system increases CO2 dissolution and capillary trapping over what occurs under the bulk phase injection of CO2. This thesis revolves around identification, monitoring and mitigation of the risks associated with geological CO2 sequestration.
