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Language As Taxonomy
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Book Synopsis Universal Languages and Scientific Taxonomy in the Seventeenth Century by : M. M. Slaughter
Download or read book Universal Languages and Scientific Taxonomy in the Seventeenth Century written by M. M. Slaughter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1982-09-23 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines highly regarded proposals during the seventeenth century for an artificial language intended to replace Latin as the international medium of communication.
Book Synopsis Language Classification by Numbers by : April McMahon
Download or read book Language Classification by Numbers written by April McMahon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-11-24 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers how languages have traditionally been divided into families, and asks how they should be classified in the future. It tests current theories and hypotheses, shows how new ideas can be formulated, and offers a series of demonstrations that the new techniques applied to old data can produce convincing results. It will be of great practical interest to all those concerned with the classification and diffusion of languages in fields such as comparative linguistics,archaeology, genetics, and anthropology.
Book Synopsis On the Origin of Languages by : Merritt Ruhlen
Download or read book On the Origin of Languages written by Merritt Ruhlen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a series of illuminating studies which conclusively demonstrates that the prevailing conception of historical linguistics is deeply flawed. Most linguists today believe that there is no good evidence that the Indo-European family of languages is related to any other language family, or even any other language. In like manner, the New World is deemed to contain hundreds of language families, among which there are no apparent links. Furthermore, it is claimed, there are no known connections between the languages of the Old World and those of the Americas. And finally, the strongest belief of all is that there is no trace of genetic affinity--nor could there be--among the world's language families. The author argues that all of these firmly entrenched--and vigorously defended--beliefs are false, that they are myths propagated by a small group of scholars who have failed to understand the true basis of genetic affinity. Twentieth-century Indo-Europeanists (though not their nineteenth-century forebears) have confused the issue of genetic affinity, which derives from classification, with such traditional concerns of historical linguistics as reconstruction and sound correspondences. Once it is recognized that taxonomy, or classification, must precede these traditional concerns, the apparent conflict between the traditional view and that of Joseph Greenberg and his followers is seen to be illusory. And finally, a comparison of all the world's languages in this new perspective leaves little doubt that all extant human languages share a common origin.
Book Synopsis Classification and Index of the World's Languages by : Charles Frederick Voegelin
Download or read book Classification and Index of the World's Languages written by Charles Frederick Voegelin and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1977 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classification of the world's languages; Reference.
Book Synopsis The Language of Taxonomy. An Application of Symbolic Logic to the Study of Classificatory Systems by : John Richard Gregg
Download or read book The Language of Taxonomy. An Application of Symbolic Logic to the Study of Classificatory Systems written by John Richard Gregg and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SOLO Taxonomy written by Pam Hook and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Language and Living Things by : Cecil H. Brown
Download or read book Language and Living Things written by Cecil H. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Defining Language by : Geoff Barnbrook
Download or read book Defining Language written by Geoff Barnbrook and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2002-10-24 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Definition is a basic activity of language, of particular importance to linguists because of its use of language to describe itself. Beyond this inherent significance as a crucial element of language study, definitions also provide a rich potential source of the information needed for Natural Language Processing systems. This book describes an investigation of the subset of general language used in definition sentences and the development of a taxonomy of definition types, a grammar of definition sentences and parsing software which can extract their functional components. The work is based on definition sentences used in one of the dictionaries from the Cobuild range, and the book includes a brief history of the development of monolingual English dictionaries, an assessment of the concepts of sublanguages and local grammars and a full exploration of the results of the analysis and of the present and future applications of the taxonomy, grammar and parser.
Book Synopsis On the Origin of Languages by : Merritt Ruhlen
Download or read book On the Origin of Languages written by Merritt Ruhlen and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arguing that the prevailing conception of historical linguistics is flawed, the author presents a series of linguistic studies which demonstrate that all extant human languages share a common origin.
Book Synopsis Because Internet by : Gretchen McCulloch
Download or read book Because Internet written by Gretchen McCulloch and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2020-07-21 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AN INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER!! Named a Best Book of 2019 by TIME, Amazon, and The Washington Post A Wired Must-Read Book of Summer “Gretchen McCulloch is the internet’s favorite linguist, and this book is essential reading. Reading her work is like suddenly being able to see the matrix.” —Jonny Sun, author of everyone's a aliebn when ur a aliebn too Because Internet is for anyone who's ever puzzled over how to punctuate a text message or wondered where memes come from. It's the perfect book for understanding how the internet is changing the English language, why that's a good thing, and what our online interactions reveal about who we are. Language is humanity's most spectacular open-source project, and the internet is making our language change faster and in more interesting ways than ever before. Internet conversations are structured by the shape of our apps and platforms, from the grammar of status updates to the protocols of comments and @replies. Linguistically inventive online communities spread new slang and jargon with dizzying speed. What's more, social media is a vast laboratory of unedited, unfiltered words where we can watch language evolve in real time. Even the most absurd-looking slang has genuine patterns behind it. Internet linguist Gretchen McCulloch explores the deep forces that shape human language and influence the way we communicate with one another. She explains how your first social internet experience influences whether you prefer "LOL" or "lol," why ~sparkly tildes~ succeeded where centuries of proposals for irony punctuation had failed, what emoji have in common with physical gestures, and how the artfully disarrayed language of animal memes like lolcats and doggo made them more likely to spread.
Author :International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Publisher :Elsevier ISBN 13 :0123846846 Total Pages :1463 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (238 download)
Book Synopsis Virus Taxonomy by : International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
Download or read book Virus Taxonomy written by International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-25 with total page 1463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The practical need to partition the world of viruses into distinguishable, universally agreed upon entities is the ultimate justification for developing a virus classification system. Since 1971, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) operating on behalf of the world community of virologists has taken on the task of developing a single, universal taxonomic scheme for all viruses infecting animals (vertebrate, invertebrates, and protozoa), plants (higher plants and algae), fungi, bacteria, and archaea. The current report builds on the accumulated taxonomic construction of the eight previous reports dating back to 1971 and records the proceedings of the Committee since publication of the last report in 2005. Representing the work of more than 500 virologists worldwide, this report is the authoritative reference for virus organization, distinction, and structure.
Book Synopsis The Tree of Language by : Bernard Pelletier
Download or read book The Tree of Language written by Bernard Pelletier and published by . This book was released on 2017-12-02 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive coverage of language taxonomy, including original homelands of the major groups, history of classification, and characteristics of the group; discussion of the Tower of Babel; a cladistic analysis of Romanic languages; a lengthy discussion of ideas on native American origins, migrations, and archeology; statistical tables, including number of tongues, number of speakers, and location for each phylum; a table of isolates; chronological tables, including first attestation and approximate year of origin; etc.
Book Synopsis A Taxonomy of Situated Language in Natural Contexts by : George Macaulay Shaw
Download or read book A Taxonomy of Situated Language in Natural Contexts written by George Macaulay Shaw and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis develops a multi-modal dataset consisting of transcribed speech along with the locations in which that speech took place. Speech with location attached is called situated language, and is represented here as spatial distributions, or two-dimensional histograms over locations in a home. These histograms are organized in the form of a taxonomy, where one can explore, compare, and contrast various slices along several axes of interest. This dataset is derived from raw data collected as part of the Human Speechome Project, and consists of semi-automatically transcribed spoken language and time-aligned overhead video collected over 15 months in a typical home environment. As part of this thesis, the vocabulary of the child before the age of two is derived from transcription, as well as the age at which the child first produced each of the 658 words in his vocabulary. Locations are derived using an efficient tracking algorithm, developed as part of this thesis, called 2C. This system maintains high accuracy when compared to similar systems, while dramatically reducing processing time, an essential feature when processing a corpus of this size. Spatial distributions are produced for many different cuts through the data, including temporal segments (i.e. morning, day, and night), speaker identities (i.e. mother, father, child), and linguistic content (i.e. per-word, aggregate by word type). Several visualization types and statistics are developed, which prove useful for organizing and exploring the dataset. It will then be shown that spatial distributions contain a wealth of information, and that this information can be exploited in various ways to derive meaningful insights and numerical results from the data.
Book Synopsis Language Classification by : Campbell Lyle Poser William John
Download or read book Language Classification written by Campbell Lyle Poser William John and published by . This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "How are relationships established between the world's languages? This is one of the most topical and most controversial questions in contemporary linguistics. The central aims of the book are to answer this question, to cut through the controversies, and to contribute to research in distant genetic relationships. In doing this the authors aim to: (1) show how the methods have been employed; (2) reveal which methods, techniques, and strategies have proven successful and which ones have proven ineffective; (3) determine how particular language families were established; (4) evaluate several of the most prominent and more controversial proposals of distant genetic relationship (such as Amerind, Nostratic, Eurasiatic, Proto-World, and others); and (5) make recommendations for practice in future research. This book will contribute significantly to understanding language classification in general."--Publisher's website.
Book Synopsis The Philosophy and Science of Language by : Ryan M. Nefdt
Download or read book The Philosophy and Science of Language written by Ryan M. Nefdt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-30 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together a diverse range of scholars to address important philosophical and interdisciplinary questions in the study of language. Linguistics throughout history has been a conduit to the study of the mind, brain, societal structure, literature and history itself. The epistemic and methodological transfer between the sciences and humanities in regards to linguistics has often been documented, but the underlying philosophical issues have not always been adequately addressed. With 15 original and interdisciplinary chapters, this volume therefore tackles vital questions relating to the philosophy, history, and theoretical interplay between the study of language and fields as varied as logic, physics, biology, classical philology and neuroscience. With a four part structure, questions of the mathematical foundations of linguistics, links to the natural sciences, cognitive implications and historical connections, take centre stage throughout the volume. The final chapters present research related to the linguistic connections between history, philosophy and the humanities more broadly. Advancing new avenues of research, this volume is exemplary in its treatment of diachronic and cross-disciplinary interaction, and will be of interest to all scholars interested in the study of language.
Book Synopsis A Guide to the World's Languages by : Merritt Ruhlen
Download or read book A Guide to the World's Languages written by Merritt Ruhlen and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first of three pathbreaking volumes that will constitute a wide-ranging analytical guide to the world's approximately 5,000 languages. The volumes are written for both linguists and general readers, and this first volume in particular assumes no background in linguistics. A postscript prepared for this paperback edition takes research data to 1990. The book is illustrated with 21 maps.
Book Synopsis Language Classification by : Lyle Campbell
Download or read book Language Classification written by Lyle Campbell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-06-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How are relationships established between the world's languages? This is one of the most topical and most controversial questions in contemporary linguistics. The central aims of this book are to answer this question, to cut through the controversies, and to contribute to research in distant genetic relationships. In doing this the authors aim to: (1) show how the methods have been employed; (2) reveal which methods, techniques, and strategies have proven successful and which ones have proven ineffective; (3) determine how particular language families were established; (4) evaluate several of the most prominent and more controversial proposals of distant genetic relationship (such as Amerind, Nostratic, Eurasiatic, Proto-World, and others); and (5) make recommendations for practice in future research. This book will contribute significantly to understanding language classification in general.
