Landmine Detection by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR).

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (644 download)

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Book Synopsis Landmine Detection by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR). by :

Download or read book Landmine Detection by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR). written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landmines continue to threaten U.S. and allied forces. Conventional mine detection sensors. such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), can give many false alarms due to natural and manmade objects in the ground having mine-like characteristics to these sensors. This can result in a slow advance rate as the forces must deal with these false alarms. Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) technology is being developed by the U.S. Army for application to landmine detection as a confirmation sensor to verify the presence of landmines and eliminate false alarms from GPR. NQR technology has the capability to detect and discriminate explosives from of other items in the environment and it can discriminate among the different types of explosives found in landmines.

In-Situ Real Time Detection of Explosive/Chemical Compounds in Mines Using Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR).

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis In-Situ Real Time Detection of Explosive/Chemical Compounds in Mines Using Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR). by :

Download or read book In-Situ Real Time Detection of Explosive/Chemical Compounds in Mines Using Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR). written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This program was part of DARPA's "Dog Nose" initiative to develop land mine detection technology based upon the chemical signature of the mine explosive charge. Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) was the only technology pursued that detects the bulk explosive in situ. In the first year the program demonstrated the basic feasibility of using a lightweight coil to measure the explosive RDX (C4) at under conditions typical of antipersonnel and antitank mines. The program also showed for the first time a sufficient TNT signal to make NQR landmine detection feasible. In the second year the program was expanded to improve ruggedness and develop the technology to a more advanced state. A site survey was made to several minefields in Bosnia, and blind tests on TNT and RDX AP and AT mines were carried out at Ft. Leonard Wood. The system detected 100% of all mines in the three tests in the final year, with a false alarm rate less than 1 %. Much of the knowledge gained has been only partly implemented in prototypes to date. Further improvements are expected under an Army program to develop an NQR array for route clearance missions, and a Navy program for a man-portable system.

Investigation of Wavelet-Based Enhancements to Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Explosives Detectors

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigation of Wavelet-Based Enhancements to Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Explosives Detectors by :

Download or read book Investigation of Wavelet-Based Enhancements to Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Explosives Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) is effective for the detection and identification of certain types of explosives such as RDX, PETN and TNT. In explosive detection, the NQR response of certain 14N nuclei present in the crystalline material is probed. The 14N nuclei possess a nuclear quadrupole moment which in the presence of an electric field gradient produces an energy level splitting which may be excited by radio-frequency magnetic fields. Pulsing on the sample with a radio signal of the appropriate frequency produces a transient NQR response which may then be detected. Since the resonant frequency is dependent upon both the quadrupole moment of the 14N nucleus and the nature of the local electric field gradients, it is very compound specific. Under DARPA sponsorship, the authors are using multiresolution methods to investigate the enhancement of operation of NQR explosives detectors used for land mine detection. For this application, NQR processing time must be reduced to less than one second. False alarm responses due to acoustic and piezoelectric ringing must be suppressed. Also, as TNT is the most prevalent explosive found in land mines, NQR detection of TNT must be made practical despite unfavorable relaxation tunes. All three issues require improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, and all would benefit from improved feature extraction. This paper reports some of the insights provided by multiresolution methods that can be used to obtain these improvements. It includes results of multiresolution analysis of experimentally observed NQR signatures for RDX responses and various false alarm signatures in the absence of explosive compounds.

Signal Processing and Analysis Techniques for Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030878619
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Signal Processing and Analysis Techniques for Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy by : Cristian Monea

Download or read book Signal Processing and Analysis Techniques for Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy written by Cristian Monea and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-11 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about improving prohibited substances detection using the nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) technique at security checkpoints. The book proposes multiple signal processing and analysis techniques for improving detection of dangerous or contraband substances, such as explosives, narcotics, or toxic substances. Also, several hardware solutions are described and implemented in a custom-designed NQR spectrometer. A new approach to NQR signal detection is introduced using artificial intelligence/deep learning techniques. The book will be useful for for researchers and practitioners in the areas of electrical engineering, signal processing and analysis, applied spectroscopy, as well as for security or laboratory equipment manufacturers.

Explosives Detection using Magnetic and Nuclear Resonance Techniques

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 904813062X
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Explosives Detection using Magnetic and Nuclear Resonance Techniques by : Jacques Fraissard

Download or read book Explosives Detection using Magnetic and Nuclear Resonance Techniques written by Jacques Fraissard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-06 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) a highly promising new technique for bulk explosives detection: relatively inexpensive, more compact than NMR, but with considerable selectivity. Since the NQR frequency is insensitive to long-range variations in composition, mixing explosives with other materials, such as the plasticizers in plastic explosives, makes no difference. The NQR signal strength varies linearly with the amount of explosive, and is independent of its distribution within the volume monitored. NQR spots explosive types in configurations missed by the X-ray imaging method. But if NQR is so good, why it is not used everywhere? Its main limitation is the low signal-to-noise ratio, particularly with the radio-frequency interference that exists in a field environment, NQR polarization being much weaker than that from an external magnetic field. The distinctive signatures are there, but are difficult to extract from the noise. In addition, the high selectivity is partly a disadvantage, as it is hard to build a multichannel system necessary to cover a wide range of target substances. Moreover, substances fully screened by metallic enclosures, etc. are difficult to detect. A workshop was held at St Petersburg in July 2008 in an attempt to solve these problems and make NQR the universal technique for the detection of bombs regardless of type. This book presents the essentials of the papers given there.

Antitank and Antipersonnel Mine Detection Test Results for a Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Detection System

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis Antitank and Antipersonnel Mine Detection Test Results for a Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Detection System by :

Download or read book Antitank and Antipersonnel Mine Detection Test Results for a Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Detection System written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the results of an interim test of a system that uses the nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) signature of explosives for the detection of antipersonnel (AP) and antitank (AT) land mines. The system, designed and built by Quantum Magnetics, Inc. of San Diego, California, has been funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Dog's Nose Program to develop technologies using chemical-specific approaches to the detection of explosives. The tests discussed herein were performed the weeks of October 25 and November 29,1999, at Ft. Leonard Wood, near St. Robert, Missouri. The Quantum Magnetics system was tested against AP and AT mine models buried in a set of test lanes. The AT mines were either plastic or metal cased and filled with either TNT or Comp B; the AP mines were plastic cased and filled with either TNT or RDX. This report outlines the current capability that is expected from both a vehicle-mounted and hand-held version of the NQR system.

Improving NQR Detection of Materials

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis Improving NQR Detection of Materials by :

Download or read book Improving NQR Detection of Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Collaborative work with the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) to improve explosive detection using nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is summarized. The work included aspects of radio-frequency (RF) mitigation particularly concerning RF coil design for NQR applications in the field, such as land mine detection. Additional studies involving three-frequency NQR were also pursued.

Magnetic Resonance Detection of Explosives and Illicit Materials

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9400772653
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Magnetic Resonance Detection of Explosives and Illicit Materials by : Tomaž Apih

Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Detection of Explosives and Illicit Materials written by Tomaž Apih and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection of concealed explosives is a notoriously difficult problem, and many different approaches have been proposed to solve this problem. Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is unique in many ways. It operates in a safe AM radio frequency range, and it can remotely detect unique “fingerprint” (NQR spectrum) of many explosives, such as TNT or RDX. As such, the detection of target does not depend on the shape or material of the container, or the presence of metallic object such as triggers etc. Spectra of chemically similar compounds differ enough that their presence never causes interference or false alarms. Unfortunately, widespread use is prevented due to low sensitivity, radiofrequency interference from the noisy environment, and inability to detect liquid explosives. This book presents current state of the art of the attempts to overcome NQR sensitivity problem, either by increasing the strengths of signals generated, or by increasing the specificity of the technique through a better understanding of the factors that affect the quadrupolar parameters of specific explosives. The use of these specific quadrupolar parameters is demonstrated on signal processing techniques that can detect weak signals, which are hidden in a noisy background. The problem of differentiation of liquid explosives and benign liquids in closed containers is approached by measurements of different nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters. As shown, a couple of solutions has reached a prototype stage and could find their use in a near future.

Array Analysis of Radio Frequency Interference Cancelation Requirements for a Land Mine Detection System

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 93 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Array Analysis of Radio Frequency Interference Cancelation Requirements for a Land Mine Detection System by : Devin Baker Pratt

Download or read book Array Analysis of Radio Frequency Interference Cancelation Requirements for a Land Mine Detection System written by Devin Baker Pratt and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land mines are a major humanitarian problem with millions of active mines in place around the world. Since these mines can have little metal in them, novel detection techniques are needed. Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) is one such technique. Unfortunately, NQR is highly succeptible to radio frequency interference (RFI). A significant contribution of this thesis is the development of a custom, experimental data acquisition system designed and built specifically for capturing RFI at frequencies significant to NQR land mine detection systems. Another major contribution is the development of data analysis techniques for determining the number of reference antennas required to effectively cancel out RFI at frequencies and in environments typical of an NQR land mine detection system.

Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) Detector Study

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) Detector Study by : Stephanie E. Robert

Download or read book Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) Detector Study written by Stephanie E. Robert and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) for Stand-off Detection of Contraband

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) for Stand-off Detection of Contraband by :

Download or read book Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) for Stand-off Detection of Contraband written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advanced Signal Processing in Landmine Detection with Quadrupole Resonance

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (563 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Signal Processing in Landmine Detection with Quadrupole Resonance by : Yingyi Tan

Download or read book Advanced Signal Processing in Landmine Detection with Quadrupole Resonance written by Yingyi Tan and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Anti-personnel Landmine Detection for Humanitarian Demining

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1848823460
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (488 download)

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Book Synopsis Anti-personnel Landmine Detection for Humanitarian Demining by : Katsuhisa Furuta

Download or read book Anti-personnel Landmine Detection for Humanitarian Demining written by Katsuhisa Furuta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-24 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anti-personnel Landmine Detection for Humanitarian Demining reports on state-of-the-art technologies developed during a Japanese National Research Project (2002–2007). The conventional method of landmine detection is using metal detectors to sense the metal in mines, but often other metal fragments in minefields camouflage landmines and hinder progress using this form of demining. The challenge is to develop detection systems that can discriminate between AP landmines and random metal fragments. The JST adopted research proposals and the results are reported here. This book concentrates on aspects of three approaches to AP mine detection: enhancing and confirming the results of metal-detection scans using GPR; using robot vehicles and manipulators to operate within minefields remotely; and methods of sensing the explosives within mines. Results are presented in the fields of GPR, nuclear quadrupole resonance, neutron thermal analysis and biosensors. The integration of these methods for workable robot operation is demonstrated. The project was carried out in conjunction with mine action centers in Croatia, Cambodia and Afghanistan. Evaluation data from field trials are also given.

Alternatives for Landmine Detection

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Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 9780833033017
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Alternatives for Landmine Detection by : Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson

Download or read book Alternatives for Landmine Detection written by Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2003 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the rate that government and nongovernmental organizations are clearing existing landmines, it will take 450-500 years to rid the world of them. Concerned about the slow pace of demining, the Office of Science and Technology asked RAND to assess potential innovative technologies being explored and to project what funding would be required to foster the development of the more promising ones. The authors of this report suggest that the federal government undertake a research and development effort to develop a multisensor mine detection system over the next five to eight years.

Modeling and Control Design in Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (692 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling and Control Design in Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance by : Andrew J. Blauch

Download or read book Modeling and Control Design in Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance written by Andrew J. Blauch and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

EM Detection of Concealed Targets

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047053981X
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis EM Detection of Concealed Targets by : David J. Daniels

Download or read book EM Detection of Concealed Targets written by David J. Daniels and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-11-25 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE LATEST EM TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTING CONCEALED TARGETS, WHETHER EXPLOSIVES, WEAPONS, OR PEOPLE Extensively illustrated from basic principles to system design, the fundamental concepts of RF, microwave, millimeter wave, and terahertz detection systems and techniques to find concealed targets are explained in this publication. These concealed targets may be explosive devices or weapons, which can be buried in the ground, concealed in building structures, hidden under clothing, or inside luggage. Concealed targets may also be people who are stowaways or victims of an avalanche or earthquake. Although much information is available in conference proceedings and professional society publications, this book brings all the relevant information in a single, expertly written and organized volume. Readers gain an understanding of the physics underlying electromagnetic (EM) detection methods, as well as the factors that affect the performance of EM detection equipment, helping them choose the right type of equipment and techniques to meet the demands of particular tasks. Among the topics covered are: Ultra-wideband radar and ground-penetrating radar Millimeter, sub-millimeter, and terahertz systems Radar systems including Doppler, harmonic, impulse, FMCW, and holographic Radiometric systems Nuclear quadrupole resonance systems Author David Daniels has many years of experience designing and deploying EM systems to detect concealed targets. As a result, this publication is essential for scientists and engineers who are developing or using EM equipment and techniques for a diverse range of purposes, including homeland security, crime prevention, or the detection of persons.

Detection of Explosives by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (861 download)

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Book Synopsis Detection of Explosives by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance by : Michael L. Buess

Download or read book Detection of Explosives by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance written by Michael L. Buess and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: