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Download or read book Laboratory Studies of Deposition Mode Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation: Effect of Ice Nuclei Composition, Size and Surface Area written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PhD.
Author : Zaminhussein Abdulali Kanji
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780494609897
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (98 download)
Download or read book Laboratory Studies of Deposition Mode Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation written by Zaminhussein Abdulali Kanji and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The indirect aerosol effect contributes to major uncertainties in determining the radiation budget of the earth. A large uncertainty is due to the formation of ice clouds onto natural or anthropogenic aerosols. Field studies have shown that mineral type particles are often associated with ice crystals in the mid-upper troposphere and given the long residence time in the atmosphere of dust particles (∼2 weeks in the absence of precipitation), their contribution to ice formation processes is not fully defined.It was concluded that there is no single value for the onset of ice formation in the atmosphere via deposition freezing. The associated contact angles show that there is a distribution of active sites on IN and that not all active sites have the same affinity for initiation of ice formation even within the same aerosol type. This work provides evidence that deposition mode nucleation can be an alternate pathway to homogeneous nucleation when mineral aerosols are present in the troposphere since the high T-low RH conditions required for deposition mode nucleation are more easily encountered in the atmosphere than the low T-high RH required for homogeneous nucleation.In order to probe ice formation onto natural mineral dust in a setting where it could be suspended as aerosol, a new continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) was built. This allowed investigations of the effects of total aerosol surface area and particle size. The CFDC was also used in an international inter-comparison of ice nucleation instrumentation to compare efficiencies of soot, biological aerosol (bacteria) and samples of natural desert dusts from different regions of the world. The laboratory observations were parameterized using nucleation rates (Jhet) and contact angles (theta) as described by classical nucleation theory.For both this experimental technique and a static one developed during the candidate's Masters degree, mineral dust particulate proved to be the most efficient ice nuclei (IN) activating at RH with respect to ice (RH i) as low as 105% at T=233 K. The efficiency varied with particle size and aerosol surface area (SA). Large particles or higher SA activated at lower RHi than small particles or lower SA. The static chamber was sensitive to the first ice event out of a large SA and therefore gave true onset RHi, which was lower than the onset defined by the CFDC studies, which was not sensitive to a single ice event. In addition the static chamber used a broader size range of particulate matter, including super micron particles while the CFDC particles sizes were restricted to below 0.5 microm. Soot and organic coated dust particles were inefficient IN compared to pure dust. Soot aerosols showed some efficiency at T
Author : Zaminhussein Abdulali Kanji
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780494163191
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (631 download)
Download or read book Laboratory Studies of Ice Formation Via Deposition Mode Nucleation Onto Mineral Dust and N-hexane Soot Samples written by Zaminhussein Abdulali Kanji and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory studies are described whereby the heterogeneous ice nucleating ability of various dust samples was studied for particles mounted on a hydrophobic cold stage. Ice formation is observed using digital photography. The relative humidity with respect to ice (RHIce) and temperature conditions of the flow system are validated by observing (NH4)2SO 4 deliquescence. Four types of solid mineral samples, including authentic Saharan dust, and commercial samples of alumina, silica and montmorillonite, were investigated in the deposition freezing mode. The size of the dust particles ranged from 0.5 to 5 microns, and the temperature range was from 263 to 218 K. With roughly 104 particles present on the cold stage, the onset for ice formation was observed at low relative humidities, between 102 and 108% RHIce, for all samples and temperatures. This indicates that deposition mode nucleation is an efficient mode of ice formation, particularly under the cold temperatures prevalent in the cirrus regime. By contrast, ice deposition onto n-hexane soot particles was not nearly so efficient. Nucleation rates prevalent in the experiment are calculated as a function of relative humidity from a suite of experiments conducted with Saharan dust where the dependence of the onset RHIce as a function of the total dust surface area was measured.
Author : Constantin Andronache
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 012810550X
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Mixed-Phase Clouds written by Constantin Andronache and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. - Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate - Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry - Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling
Author : Thibault Hiron
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Experimental and Modeling Study of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation on Mineral Aerosol Particles and Its Impact on a Convective Cloud written by Thibault Hiron and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ari Laaksonen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128143223
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Nucleation of Water written by Ari Laaksonen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nucleation of Water: From Fundamental Science to Atmospheric and Additional Applications provides a comprehensive accounting of the current state-of-the-art regarding the nucleation of water. It covers vapor-liquid, liquid-vapor, liquid-ice and vapor-ice transitions and describes basic kinetic and thermodynamic concepts in a manner understandable to researchers working on specific applications. The main focus of the book lies in atmospheric phenomena, but it also describes engineering and biological applications. Bubble nucleation, although not of major atmospheric relevance, is included for completeness. This book presents a single, go-to resource that will help readers understand the breadth and depth of nucleation, both in theory and in real-world examples. - Offers a single, comprehensive work on water nucleation, including cutting- edge research on ice, cloud and bubble nucleation - Written primarily for atmospheric scientists, but it also presents the theories in such a way that researchers in other disciplines will find it useful - Written by one of the world's foremost experts on ice nucleation
Author : Bingbing Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (793 download)
Download or read book Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation from Laboratory-generated and Field-collected Aerosol Particles written by Bingbing Wang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : André Welti
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (819 download)
Download or read book Experimental Studies on Deposition and Immersion Mode Ice Nucleation on Mineral Dust written by André Welti and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : H.R. Pruppacher
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306481006
Total Pages : 975 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)
Download or read book Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation written by H.R. Pruppacher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-25 with total page 975 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cloud physics has achieved such a voluminous literature over the past few decades that a significant quantitative study of the entire field would prove unwieldy. This book concentrates on one major aspect: cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles. Common practice has shown that one may distinguish among the following addi tional major aspects: cloud dynamics, which is concerned with the physics respon sible for the macroscopic features of clouds; cloud electricity, which deals with the electrical structure of clouds and the electrification processes of cloud and precipi tation particles; and cloud optics and radar meteorology, which describe the effects of electromagnetic waves interacting with clouds and precipitation. Another field intimately related to cloud physics is atmospheric chemistry, which involves the chemical composition ofthe atmosphere and the life cycle and characteristics of its gaseous and particulate constituents. In view of the natural interdependence of the various aspects of cloud physics, the subject of microphysics cannot be discussed very meaningfully out of context. Therefore, we have found it necessary to touch briefly upon a few simple and basic concepts of cloud dynamics and thermodynamics, and to provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles. We have also included a separate chapter on some of the effects of electric fields and charges on the precipitation-forming processes.
Author : Alessia Nicosia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Heterogeneous Nucleation of Ice in Remote Locations written by Alessia Nicosia and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterogeneous ice nucleation is one element inside the overall complexity of the Earth's atmosphere, however, it has a profound impact on our representation of cloud properties: this process affects the optical thickness and lifetime of mixed-phase clouds and cirrus clouds, and it is responsible for a significant proportion of precipitations formed globally. Heterogeneous ice nucleation is related to the presence of specific aerosol particles, named ice nuclei particles (INP), with the unique ability of lowering the energy barrier required for the formation of ice crystals, especially where cloud's temperatures are >-38 °C. In the last decades, significant advancements have been made to the fundamental understanding of ice nucleation, however the lack of knowledge on the cloud ice phase still contributes to major uncertainties in climate model prediction of radiative forcing. This is partly due to limited observational data quantifying INP distributions and properties all over the world, especially in remote locations. In the first part of this thesis, field observations of ice nucleating particles have been performed at the Italian Climate Observatory “O. Vittori” on Mountain Cimone (2165 m above sea level), in the spring 2014 and autumn 2015, within the Bacchus and Air Sea Lab projects. For the first time we report the results of offline INP measurements, performed at a high altitude site within the Mediterranean basin. In the period 19-29 May 2014, a parallel campaign took place at the low-altitude station San Pietro Capofiume, a rural site in the Po Valley. The two campaigns were concerned, for a few days, by a Saharan Dust transport Event, which was recorded simultaneously at the high and the low-level station. We investigated the ambient number concentration of INP under condensation freezing activation mechanism (at -18 °C and above water saturation). In the second part of this thesis, we present the observations that were performed during the Arctic campaign Parcs-Maca, in the period of transition among the polar night and the polar day. We could characterise for the first time the ice nucleating and physical/chemical properties of the Arctic Primary Marine Aerosol, in a laboratory-controlled generation approach, that was combined to a mesocosm experiment. The aim of the mesocosm experiment was to adopt a multidisciplinary approach to study the effect of marine pollution on marine emissions. We found a moderate but significant decrease of the ice nuclei concentration in the polluted seawater (with respect to the control seawater) recorded in the freezing range between -8.5 and -19 °C and activated through immersion-freezing. Within the seaspray our measurements have indicated a relation among INP active at warm temperature (above -15 °C through immersion-freezing) and a calcium enrichment detected in PM1 filters (and followed by an apparent Chloride depletion). On the basis of our observations, and the results reported from other studies, a few suggestions on the nature of these marine ice nuclei have been suggested. In summary, the measurements made for this thesis provide new information on the concentrations of ice nuclei in ambient aerosol particles in remote regions (a high-altitude observatory in the central Mediterranean region) and in relation to a specific source (the Arctic sea spray).
Author : Michael James Wheeler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation written by Michael James Wheeler and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Roy M. Harrison
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Atmospheric Particles written by Roy M. Harrison and published by . This book was released on 1998-05-08 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IUPAC Series on Analytical and Physical Chemistry of Environmental Systems provides the scientific community with a critical evaluation of the state of the art on physicochemical structures and reactions in environmental systems, as well as on the analytical techniques required to study and monitor these systems. The series is aimed at promoting rigorous analysis and understanding of physicochemical functioning of environmental systems. The last few years have seen a spectacular growth of interest in the field of aerosol science, and particularly in the properties and consequences of atmospheric aerosols. Research in this field has focused on the role of aerosols in such topical areas as heavy metal pollution, acid rain, photochemical smog and global warming. Atmospheric Particles examines the fundamental aspects of aerosol science relating to particles in the atmosphere, including the sources and size distribution of airborne particles, the means of sampling and chemical analysis, and the serious health implications of particles in the urban atmosphere. Atmospheric Particles * The first book to deal with aerosol particles in the atmosphere, their properties and significance. * Leading scientists review and evaluate the latest knowledge on sampling; characterisation and properties of atmospheric particles. * Excellent overview of current research and forthcoming developments in this rapidly expanding area. Atmospheric Particles brings together the state-of-the-art knowledge of aerosol science relating to airborne particulate matter which will be of interest to graduate students and researchers working in atmospheric science, environmental analysis, pollution chemistry and global change.
Author : Swarup China
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038971332
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)
Download or read book Morphology and Internal Mixing of Atmospheric Particles written by Swarup China and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-09-13 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Morphology and Internal Mixing of Atmospheric Particles" that was published in Atmosphere
Author : Kuo-Nan Liou
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521889162
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)
Download or read book Light Scattering by Ice Crystals written by Kuo-Nan Liou and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-06 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume outlines the fundamentals and applications of light scattering, absorption and polarization processes involving ice crystals.
Download or read book Heterogeneous Nucleation of Ice on Anthropogenic Organic Particles Collected in Mexico City written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study reports on heterogeneous ice nucleation activity of predominantly organic (or coated with organic material) anthropogenic particles sampled within and around the polluted environment of Mexico City. The onset of heterogeneous ice nucleation was observed as a function of particle temperature (Tp), relative humidity (RH), nucleation mode, and particle chemical composition which is influenced by photochemical atmospheric aging. Particle analyses included computer controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (CCSEM/EDX) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy with near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (STXM/NEXAFS). In contrast to most laboratory studies employing proxies of organic aerosol, we show that anthropogenic organic particles collected in Mexico City can potentially induce ice nucleation at experimental conditions relevant to cirrus formation. The results suggest a new precedent for the potential impact of organic particles on ice cloud formation and climate.
Author : Ulrike Lohmann
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316586251
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (165 download)
Download or read book An Introduction to Clouds written by Ulrike Lohmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-06-23 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Clouds provides a fundamental understanding of clouds, ranging from cloud microphysics to the large-scale impacts of clouds on climate. On the microscale, phase changes and ice nucleation are covered comprehensively, including aerosol particles and thermodynamics relevant for the formation of clouds and precipitation. At larger scales, cloud dynamics, mid-latitude storms and tropical cyclones are discussed leading to the role of clouds on the hydrological cycle and climate. Each chapter ends with problem sets and multiple-choice questions that can be completed online, and important equations are highlighted in boxes for ease of reference. Combining mathematical formulations with qualitative explanations of underlying concepts, this accessible book requires relatively little previous knowledge, making it ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in atmospheric science, environmental sciences and related disciplines.
Author : Peter Wilson
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535101137
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Supercooling written by Peter Wilson and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-09 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercooled liquids are found in the atmosphere, in cold hardy organisms, in metallurgy, and in many industrial systems today. Stabilizing the metastable, supercooled state, or encouraging the associated process of nucleation have both been the subject of scientific interest for several hundred years. This book is an invaluable starting point for researchers interested in the supercooling of water and aqueous solutions in biology and industry. The book also deals with modeling and the formation subsequent dendritic growth of supercooled solutions, as well as glass transitions and interface stability.
