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Author : Leon Karol
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Labor Force Participation Rate of Married Women written by Leon Karol and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Women in the Labor Force written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Claudia Dale Goldin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Life-cycle Labor Force Participation of Married Women written by Claudia Dale Goldin and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The five-fold increase in the labor force participation rate of married women over the last half century was not accompanied by a substantial increase in the average job market experience of working women. Two data sets giving life-cycle labor force histories for cohorts of women born from the 1880s to 1910s indicate substantial (unconditional) heterogeneity in labor force participation. Married women in the labor force had a high degree of attachment to it; increased participation rates brought in women with little prior job experience and reduced cumulated years experience. According to extant schedules froma 1939 Women's Bureau Bulletin, 86% of married women born around 1895 and working in 1939 had been employed 50% of the years since beginning work, and 47% had worked 88% of those years. Average years of experience for cross sections of working married women hardly increased from 1920 to 1950, rising from 9 to 10.5 years. Because wages are calculated only for currently employed individuals, the steadiness in relative wages of women to men over this period may result from stable experience ratings for employed married women. An exploration of the determinants of labor force persistence points to the importance of occupational choice early in the work history of a woman and to the rise in clerical and professional occupations in extending life-cycle labor force participation.
Author : Allyson Sherman Grossman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)
Download or read book The Labor Force Patterns of Single Women written by Allyson Sherman Grossman and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Claudia Goldin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022653264X
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)
Download or read book Women Working Longer written by Claudia Goldin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, more American women than ever before stay in the workforce into their sixties and seventies. This trend emerged in the 1980s, and has persisted during the past three decades, despite substantial changes in macroeconomic conditions. Why is this so? Today’s older American women work full-time jobs at greater rates than women in other developed countries. In Women Working Longer, editors Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz assemble new research that presents fresh insights on the phenomenon of working longer. Their findings suggest that education and work experience earlier in life are connected to women’s later-in-life work. Other contributors to the volume investigate additional factors that may play a role in late-life labor supply, such as marital disruption, household finances, and access to retirement benefits. A pioneering study of recent trends in older women’s labor force participation, this collection offers insights valuable to a wide array of social scientists, employers, and policy makers.
Author : Harriet Duleep
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030470830
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Human Capital Investment written by Harriet Duleep and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-28 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1965, a family-reunification policy for admitting immigrants to the United States replaced a system that chose immigrants based on their national origin. With this change, a 40-year hiatus in Asian immigration ended. Today, over three-quarters of US immigrants originate from Asia and Latin America. Two issues that dominate discussions of US immigration policy are the progress of post-reform immigrants and their contributions to the US economy. This book focuses on the earnings and human capital investment of Asian immigrants to the US after 1965. In addition, it provides a primer on studying immigrant economic assimilation, by explaining economists’ methodology to measure immigrant earnings growth and the challenges with this approach. The book also illustrates strategies to more fully use census data such as how to measure family income and how to use “panel data” that is embedded in the census. The book is a historical study as well as an extremely timely work from a policy angle. The passage of the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act set the United States apart among economically developed countries due to the weight given to family unification. Based on analyses by economists—which suggest that the quality of immigrants to the US fell after the 1965 law—policymakers have called for fundamental changes in the US system to align it with the immigration systems of other countries. This book offers an alternative view point by proposing a richer model that incorporates investments in human capital by immigrants and their families. It challenges the conventional model in three ways: First, it views the decline in immigrants’ entry earnings after 1965 as due to investment in human capital, not to permanently lower “quality.” Second, it adds human capital investment and earnings growth after entry to the model. And finally, by taking investments by family members into account, it challenges the policy recommendation that immigrants should be selected for their occupational qualifications rather than family connections.
Author : Su-gon Kim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Determinants of Labor Force Participation of Married Women, 30 to 44 Years of Age written by Su-gon Kim and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Glen George Cain
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Married women in the labor force written by Glen George Cain and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Evan Warwick Roberts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 940 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Her Real Sphere? written by Evan Warwick Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 940 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Francine D. Blau
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Wage and Employment Uncertainty and the Labor Force Participation Decisions of Married Women written by Francine D. Blau and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 30 years, research on married women's labor force participation has concluded virtually without exception that the principal source of labor force participation rate growth for married women has been the concurrent growth of women's real wages. The experience of the 1970's suggests, however, that real wage growth cannot account for the increase In participation rates that occurred during that period. His paper argues that an Important determinant of married women's current participation decisions is the level of uncertainty associated with expectations of future wages, and that high levels of uncertainty during the 1970's may have contributed substantially to the growth in participation that occurred during that time. Engle's model of autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) Is apply led to aggregate time series data covering the years 1956-1986 to measure the level of uncertainty at each point In time. Our estimates Indicate support for the basic hypothesis that the level of uncertainty is an important determinant of labor force participation decisions for married women.
Author : Ralph Ely Smith
Publisher : Washington : Urban Institute
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Subtle Revolution written by Ralph Ely Smith and published by Washington : Urban Institute. This book was released on 1979 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Articles on the changing social role and economic role of women, resulting from increased labour force participation of woman workers in the USA - reviews trends and projections (1900s to 1990), labour market sex discrimination (occupational status, wage differential, employment opportunities); discusses unemployment, arrangement of working time, division of labour, household income, standard of living, child care, marriage and family life; stresses need for income tax and social security reform. Graphs, statistical tables.
Author : Amon S. Emeka
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Labor Force Participation Among African-American and White Married Women written by Amon S. Emeka and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Frank W. Gery
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Intercity Variation in Labor Force Participation Rates of Married Women, 1970 written by Frank W. Gery and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Xinxin Ma
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813369043
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Female Employment and Gender Gaps in China written by Xinxin Ma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book investigates female employment and the gender gap in the labor market and households during China’s economic transition period. It provides the reader with academic evidence for understanding the mechanism of female labor force participation, the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market, and the impact of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment in China from an economics perspective. The main content of this book includes three parts―women’s family responsibilities and women’s labor supply (child care, parent care, and women’s employment), the gender gap in the labor market and society (gender gaps in wages, Communist Party membership, and participation in social activity), and the impacts of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment (the social security system and the educational expansion policy on women’s wages and employment) in China. This book provides academic evidence about these issues based on economics theories and econometric analysis methods using many kinds of long-term Chinese national survey data. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in up-to-date and in-depth empirical studies of the gender gap and women’s employment in China during the economic transition period. This book is of interest to various groups such as readers who are interested in the Chinese economy, policymakers, and scholars with econometric analysis backgrounds.
Author : Congressional Budget Congressional Budget Office
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781507564912
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (649 download)
Download or read book Labor Force Participation Elasticities of Women and Secondary Earners Within Married Couples written by Congressional Budget Congressional Budget Office and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-15 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labor supply elasticities are often used to evaluate the effect of changes in tax rates on the total hours worked in the economy. Historically, married women have tended to have larger labor supply elasticities than their spouses because they were the secondary earners in a couple. However, those elasticities have fallen sharply in recent decades-a decline that has been attributed to greater labor force participation rates and increased career orientation among married women. Indeed, a growing share of wives earn more than their husbands, raising the question whether a person's sex or relative earnings is the relevant factor affecting the sensitivity of participation to wage and tax rates. In this book, we use administrative data to examine whether women or lower-earning spouses have larger labor supply elasticities. We present descriptive evidence on the share of women who are the primary earner and the frequency of transitions into and out of employment by sex and relative earnings. We find that lower earning spouses are more likely to start and stop working than women, except when a couple starts a family. We then model an individual's work decision using a dynamic probit model to isolate the labor supply response to changes in tax rates. We estimate that the participation elasticity with respect to the net-of-tax rate of the secondary earner-the spouse who typically has lower earnings-is about 0.03, slightly higher than that for women, though both of these overall elasticities are small. Participation elasticities with respect to income for both women and secondary earners are effectively zero. Our estimates are robust to several alternative models, including alternative specifications of secondary earner.
Author : Francine D. Blau
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Wage and Employment Uncertainty and the Labor Force Participation Decisions of Married Women written by Francine D. Blau and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 30 years, research on married women's labor force participation has concluded virtually without exception that the principal source of labor force participation rate growth for married women has been the concurrent growth of women's real wages. The experience of the 1970's suggests, however, that real wage growth cannot account for the increase In participation rates that occurred during that period. His paper argues that an Important determinant of married women's current participation decisions is the level of uncertainty associated with expectations of future wages, and that high levels of uncertainty during the 1970's may have contributed substantially to the growth in participation that occurred during that time. Engle's model of autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) Is apply led to aggregate time series data covering the years 1956-1986 to measure the level of uncertainty at each point In time. Our estimates Indicate support for the basic hypothesis that the level of uncertainty is an important determinant of labor force participation decisions for married women.
Author : Stanley L. Engerman
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226209318
Total Pages : 898 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)
Download or read book Long-Term Factors in American Economic Growth written by Stanley L. Engerman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These classic studies of the history of economic change in 19th- and 20th-century United States, Canada, and British West Indies examine national product; capital stock and wealth; and fertility, health, and mortality. "A 'must have' in the library of the serious economic historian."—Samuel Bostaph, Southern Economic Journal
